What is Daoqing? Please explain.

Daoqing is a category of Han Quyi varieties in China. Taoist songs such as Cheng Tian and Jiu Zhen originated in the Tang Dynasty. In the Southern Song Dynasty, it was accompanied by fishing drums and drums, so it was also called Taoist fishing drums. By the Qing Dynasty, Taoism was combined with Han folk music from all over the country, forming many forms with the same origin and different currents, such as Taikang Taoism, Northern Shaanxi Taoism, Jiangxi Taoism, Yugu in Hubei, Zhu Qin in Sichuan and so on. Taoism focuses on singing, supplemented by speaking. There are many forms of performance, such as sitting singing, standing singing, stand-up singing and mouth-to-mouth singing.

Originated from the rhyme sung by Taoism in the Taoist temple in the Tang Dynasty, it is a poetic praise. After the Song Dynasty, it absorbed epigrams and qupai, which evolved into a new rhyme sung by Taoist dramas in folk sermons, and also praised songs. Accompanied by fishing drums and simple boards, similar to drum lyrics. Later, the poetic praise in Daoqing was mainly popular in the south, and it was a rap Daoqing with alternating songs and lyrics. A branch of Qupai style is popular in the north, and has developed into a Taoist drama in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong and other places, with [children's play], [soap robe] and [Qingjiang introduction] as the main vocals, and the drums and vocals of Shaanxi Opera and Bangzi are adopted, gradually forming Taoist dramas in various places. The content includes four categories: drama of promoting immortals, drama of encouraging goodness in Xiu De, drama of folk life, drama of historical stories and drama of legendary case-solving. Some places call it a fishing drum or a bamboo harp.

In Shaanxi, it is a kind of shadow play in Shaanxi, which is divided into East Road and West Road. The former is popular on both sides of the Yellow River, while the latter is popular in northern Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia. In different regions, there are several sub-operas, such as Northern Daoism, Shangluo Daoism, Ankang Daoism and Western Liangdiao. Its singing feature is that it is in harmony with others wherever it falls, so as to enhance the atmosphere. There are more than 200 scripts, all handed down by old artists, and some of them have a strong religious color.

Taoist sentiment is the predecessor of the fishing drum, and "Taoist sentiment" is also called "Huang Guan Ti" (Huang Guan may refer to the costume of a Taoist), which is a Taoist thing sung by Taoism. It's called Daoqing, and it's too empty to send feelings, and there is a thought that food is the sky. There may have been Taoist songs in the Tang Dynasty, and there was a simple fishing drum board in the Song Dynasty. Although Taoist feelings appeared early, there are few works handed down from generation to generation, and only ten paragraphs of Taoist feelings in Zheng Banqiao can be seen (only the above five paragraphs are included in general singing). ) and Xu Dachun's feelings of returning to the stream. This genre has declined to extinction. Since the Republic of China, there have been no learning materials left, and this art has disappeared.

Taoist music has rich forms of expression. According to legend, there are 72 divertimentos with 100 kinds of tunes, and now only 13 divertimentos and 96 kinds of Taoist drama tunes can be collected, all of which are couplets. It uses some tunes of various palace tunes to form a large-scale aria with distinct levels. Each divertimento has six different tunes, which are "positive, negative, flat, bitter, blunt and tight", and the voices improvise as needed. For example, the structure of Children's Play includes six tunes: Children's Play, Children's Play, Children's Play, Children's Play, Children's Play and Children's Play. This "positive, negative, flat, bitter, blunt and tight" has different contents: "positive" refers to singing with a positive cavity, and the tone of singing with a positive cavity is generally "up"; "Anti" means singing in an anti-tone, and the tone of singing in an anti-tone is "Hui"; "Peace" refers to a normal mood, while "bitterness" refers to a sad and painful mood, both of which are opposite. "Tightness" means that the vocal structure is compact, and "grasping" means that the vocal structure is cheerful and light, which is similar to the general speed of "grasping". In addition, Daoqing also skillfully borrowed from the intermediary board, running water, rolling white and Kunqu singing in "Jin Opera" to make up for its own shortcomings. The "fishing drum" in music accompaniment is a unique instrument of Taoism, and its instruments in the field of martial arts are roughly the same as those in Bangzi Opera.