Portrait of Fortune Teller _ Photo of Fortune Teller

Three hundred and sixty grandfathers in ancient times

We often say "360 lines, each line is the best", but in fact "360" here is definitely not an exact number, but a reference often used by the ancients to describe many industries. In fact, many industries still exist in modern times, while some industries did not exist in ancient times, but gradually developed in modern environment. Do you know who their ancestors were in some very old industries? Who were the ancestors of each of the ancient 360 lines, and how did they become the ancestors of this line?

"360 lines" is just a rough figure. According to Qingbo Magazine, the main industries in China in the Tang Dynasty were "36 lines", namely, meat shops, palace powder, ready-made clothes, jade articles, jewelry, silk, paper, seafood, fresh fish, stationery, tea, bamboo and wood, rice wine, ironware, ancient embroidery, needle and thread, soup shops, medicine shops, bookbinding and so on.

Tsui Hark said in Clearing Money, Agriculture, Industry and Commerce: "Thirty-six walkers, various occupations. As far as the division of labor is concerned, it is 36 lines, 72 lines, and 360 lines ten times. " It can be seen that "72 lines" is a virtual indicator, and the 72 lines or 360 lines that people often say today are not specific numbers. In fact, the division of labor in social industries has far exceeded the 72nd line.

Let's take a look at grandfathers from all walks of life. It's all historical.

Construction industry (bamboo and wood masons): Luban in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Gong Bo's family was a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period and was very famous. Image is homophonic with class, called Lu Ban. Did you build a ladder to attack the city and grind people's stones And that you invented wood as a tool. In the past, construction workers were revered as their fathers.

Agriculture: Shennong (Hou Ji).

Shennong, one of the ancient Huang San in China, is a legendary inventor of agriculture and medicine. He tasted all kinds of herbs and taught people medicine and farming.

Cut: Xuanyuan (Yellow Emperor).

Xuanyuan is a compound surname, namely Huangdi. Later generations revered him as the "ancestor of mankind" of Chinese civilization. Legend has it that the Yellow Emperor once taught people to sew leaves and hides together with bone needles and hemp thread to make clothes. Therefore, it is respected as the founder by sewing circles.

Silk industry and textile industry: Lei Zu (wife of the Yellow Emperor).

Legend has it that she was the wife of the Yellow Emperor, who taught people to raise silkworms and treat silk, and was regarded as the silkworm god after the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

Weaving industry: Huang Daopo.

Huang Daopo, also known as huangpo, was a female textile technician in Yuan Dynasty. Because of teaching advanced textile technology and popularizing advanced textile tools, it is highly respected by the people. In Qing dynasty, he was honored as the father of cloth industry.

Dyeing house industry and laundry industry: Meige Erxian (Meifu in the Western Han Dynasty and Gehong in the Eastern Jin Dynasty).

Mei Ge is a general term for belle and Ge Hong. They are all alchemists, and alchemy is related to printing and dyeing raw materials. It is said that various dyes were extracted in alchemy, and later generations used them to print and dye fabrics and paper.

Metallurgical industry (iron, copper, silversmith): Laozi in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Legend has it that Laozi once cast Bagua furnace (later called "Laojun furnace") to refine Dan medicine and prolong life.

Education: Confucius.

Confucius, a native of Shandong in the Spring and Autumn Period, was a great saint and a teacher for later generations.

Business: Zhao Gongming, (Spring and Autumn Fan Li).

Yes, also known as Zhao's teacher. The god of wealth worshipped by Taoism. It looks like a black face with a thick beard, wearing an iron crown and holding iron whip across Hei Hu. Legend has it that it can drive away thunder and electricity, eliminate plague and disaster, uphold justice and seek wealth.

The people of Wan (now Nanyang, Henan Province) in Chu helped Gou Jian, the king of Yue, destroy Wu. After his success, he abandoned the palace to do business. When he arrived here, he was called Li Pi, and when he arrived in Tao (now Dingtao, Shandong Province), he was called Li Pi. He "donated money to the poor" when doing business, and his business ethics were highly respected by later generations.

Restaurant: Elegant in the Spring and Autumn Period.

The Spring and Autumn Famous Chef Yiya was also written by Diya. He is Qi Huangong's favorite, that is, a chef who specializes in cooking Qi Huangong food. He is good at seasoning, so he is very popular with Qi Huangong.

Brewing: Yi Di of Xia Dynasty, (Du Kang of Xia Dynasty).

According to legend, Yidi or Dukang are the founders of wine. If there is one difference, Yidi is the founder of yellow rice wine and Du Kang is the founder of sorghum wine.

Ham Industry: Zong Ze in Song Dynasty.

Zong Ze, a famous gold star, was born in Yiwu, Jinhua, Zhejiang. He once presented the leg of pork pickled in his hometown to Song Qinzong. Salted pork leg is delicious. Because of its bright red color, Song Qinzong named it "Ham", and ham became a tribute from then on.

Tofu Industry: Liu An, King of Huainan in the Western Han Dynasty.

Liu An, the grandson of Liu Bang, attacked the King of Huainan. In the process of making Dan medicine, tofu (that is, water tofu) was inadvertently made from soybeans and brine.

Pickle industry: Qin Shihuang.

It is said that when the Great Wall of Wan Li was built, Qin Shihuang came up with a way to turn vegetables into pickles, which solved the problem of migrant workers eating vegetables for a long time.

Steamed bread industry and pastry industry: Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang led his troops home in triumph, passing through Lushui, and the gods blocked the way and waited for the head sacrifice. Zhuge Liang was respected for stuffing beef and horse meat and outsourcing flour to make steamed bread instead of sacrifice.

Pastry industry: Wenzhong.

When Zhou was beheaded, Wen Zhong, a surname, was sent to resist, and Wen Zhong made sweet cakes as dry food for marching. Later, this kind of cake spread to the people and was called Taishi cake. Wenzhong is therefore regarded as the founder of the pastry industry.

Roast duck world: Zhu Yuanzhang.

It is said that after Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, Nanjing was designated as the capital. He likes to eat duck, but when he eats too many boiled, braised and steamed ducks, he feels bored and mopes all day. The court chefs racked their brains to change the traditional cooking methods, and roasted the duck with fruit and wood on charcoal fire to make it tender, fat but not greasy, and was named "roast duck" by Zhu Yuanzhang.

Instant mutton industry: Kublai Khan.

It is said that Kublai Khan fought in the south and was busy eating during the intermission of fighting. When the chef doesn't have time to cook the traditional mutton stew, he slices the mutton and washes it with boiling water. He found it tastes sweet and abnormal, and it has spread since then.

Restaurant and teahouse industry: the king of cooking, the king of confusion.

Hotel industry: Guan Yu of Three Kingdoms.

Guan Yu is honest and keeps his word, so he is respected as the father of officials and businessmen in the future.

Hairdressing: Lv Dongbin.

One of the eight immortals. According to legend, Tang Jingzhao is the founder of hairdressing industry, because he chopped jiaozi in Jianghuai.

Bathhouse industry: Zhigong Zen master.

Zhigong, also known as Zhigong, has a history. He was a Buddhist monk named Baozhi in the Southern Dynasties, and he was known as the wise monk in the world. The bathhouse industry in Beijing was founded by pedicure therapists, who regarded Zhigong as the founder, so the bathhouse industry also regarded Zhigong as the founder.

Tourism: Xu Xiake in the late Ming Dynasty.

Xu Xiake is a famous geographer and traveler. The author of China's geography masterpiece Xu Xiake's Travels. Known as the "miracle of the times"

Traditional Chinese Medicine: Bian Que in the Warring States and Hua Tuo in the Three Kingdoms.

During the Warring States Period, Bian Que, a medical scientist, founded the "Four Diagnostics" medical skill, and later generations honored him as the founder of China Medicine.

Traditional Chinese Medicine: Li Shizhen in Ming Dynasty.

Li Shizhen, whose name was Dong Bi, was an outstanding doctor in Ming Dynasty. He wrote many medical books, such as compendium of materia medica.

Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Sun Simiao in Tang Dynasty.

Sun Simiao was a medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty. He wrote Qian Jin Fang, which was praised as "the king of medicine" by later generations.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery: Three Kingdoms Huatuo.

Hua Tuo, with a well-deserved name, once pioneered the use of hemp boiling powder (anesthetic) in surgery, so he was honored as the "originator of surgery".

Acupuncture in traditional Chinese medicine: the only king in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Wang, also known as Wang, an acupuncturist in Song Dynasty, designed and presided over the casting of two bronze acupuncture figures. Their bodies and viscera can be divided, and the names of acupoints are engraved on their bodies for teaching and examination. It has had a great influence at home and abroad.

Obstetrics and Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Chen Jinggu in Tang Dynasty.

Chen Jinggu, nicknamed Si, is called "grandma", "nanny", "Mrs. Nai", "Mrs. Linshui", "Mrs. Chennai" and "Mrs. Shuntian" by Han people in Fujian. Chen Jinggu is one of the folk beliefs of the Han nationality, and has entrusted the working people of the Han nationality with a good wish to ward off evil spirits, avoid disasters and welcome good luck.

Gypsum industry: Li Tie strange.

One of the Eight Immortals, because it is said that the magical elixir is kept in the gourd on his back. Therefore, people engaged in the plaster industry in China later regarded him as their father.

Veterinary industry: Chunqiu Bole (Sun Yang).

Sun Yang was a Bole in the mid-Spring and Autumn Period who was good at raising horses.

Pen industry: Meng Tian in Qin Dynasty.

Meng Tian, a great soldier of Qin State. Legend has it that the writing brush is improved.

Paper industry: Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Cai Lun summarized the papermaking experience since the Western Han Dynasty, improved the papermaking technology, and used bark, hemp head, rags and old fishing nets as raw materials to make paper, so he was the inventor of papermaking in China.

Printing Industry: Bi Sheng in Northern Song Dynasty.

Bi Sheng, an ancient inventor in China, invented movable type printing.

Painting: Wu Daozi in Tang Dynasty.

Taoist priest in Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty, good at painting and writing poems.

Stationery bookstore industry: Wenchang Dijun.

Emperor Wenchang, the son of the Yellow Emperor, is famous for making strings and nets, so he took Zhang as his surname. He has been a Confucian scholar all his life. He once assisted Duke Zhou, paid attention to Confucian classics, and was outstanding in literary talent, which was highly praised by scholars from all over the world.

Ink industry: Chunqiuzi Road (Confucius student).

Luz, a student of Confucius, spread it with inkstone and ink.

Kanyu numerology, fortune-telling and divination: Guiguzi in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Guiguzi is regarded as a granddaddy by fortune tellers because he is good at divination and calculation.

Interpersonal relationship: Hou Feng's family.

Feng Houshi, the prime minister of the ancient Yellow Emperor, was proficient in physiognomy and initiated the study of Feng Jian.

Life karma: Ma Yixian.

Ma Yixian, who is proficient in folk physiognomy, wrote "Ma Xiang Fa", which is spread all over the world.

Physiognomy: Liu Bowen in the Ming Dynasty.

Liu Ji, the founding father of the Ming Dynasty, was named Bowen. It is famous for its ingenious calculation and strategizing.

Feng Shui: Guo Pu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Guo Pu was a famous litterateur, exegetist and geomantic omen in Jin Dynasty. He was good at ancient Chinese and foreign languages, astronomy, calendar and divination.

Kiln burning: Nu Wa Niangniang.

According to myth, Nu Wa is the founder and inventor of kiln industry.

Fishery: Jiang Shang in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

Jiang Taigong, a famous fisherman, lived in seclusion in Weishui and was considered a Buddhist when he met King Wen.

Aquaculture: Dragon King.

Beauty industry: Li Yu in Qing Dynasty.

Li Yu, a dramatist in Qing Dynasty, was called Li. He is good at composing music, instructing artists to perform postures and make-up.

Prostitution: Guan Zhong

Guan Zhong initiated urban prostitutes and brothels and became the founder of the prostitute system.

Called Chemical Industry: Five Dynasties? Tang Han Xi zai.

Han Xizai likes to pretend to be a beggar and beg in front of his wife's house.

Servant industry: clock.

Jewelry industry: Ou Qifo.

Banks and Pawnshops: Zhao Gongming.

Tea industry: Lu Yu in Tang Dynasty.

Lu Yu, a native of Jingling, Fuzhou in the Tang Dynasty, was named Hung-chien. Humor, writing behind closed doors, unwilling to be an official. He is famous for his love of tea and his research on tea ceremony. He is regarded as the "tea god".

Needle industry: bangs.

Firecracker industry: Ma Jun.

Jade industry: white gentry.

Jade Craftsman: Qiu Chuji.

Qiu Chuji was a famous jade sculptor in ancient China.

Betel nut industry: Han Yu in Tang Dynasty.

Han Yu, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, was demoted to Chaozhou for criticizing current politics. He was wet and cold because of his acclimatization, so he would be fine if he ate betel nut.

Slaughtering industry: Zhenwu the Great.

Emperor Zhenwu made a living by killing pigs when he was young, but he was kind-hearted. Later, he converted to avalokitesvara, put down his butcher knife and became a Buddha.

Bamboo industry: green people.

Bamboo Craftsman: Mount Tai, Zhang Ban.

Copper and iron industry: exploring ancestors with felt.

White blacksmith: the ancestor of Baiyun.

Leather shoes industry: Warring States Sun Bin.

Sun Bin can't walk on his feet, and he can't support himself. So I designed a kind of shoes similar to high-waisted leather boots, which is also the ancestor of leather shoes in the world.

Pedicure master: Chen Zizi, Zen master Zhi Gong.

According to legend, pedicure knife hung on Zhigong's mord, and once pedicured Buddha Sakyamuni, Bodhisattva and Zhou Wenwang and treated foot diseases.

When Chen's son was a child, he worshipped Luo Zu, the founder of the hairdressing industry. The host became very angry because of his naughty behavior. In a rage, he broke his razor and scolded, "Go and play with Big Mouth"! Chen Qizi had to treat people's foot disease with half a razor. Later, the more skilled the real person was, the more pedicures there were.

Shoemaker: Bald Buddha.

Sharpener: Right away, Emperor.

Willow manufacturer: Fan Dan.

Painter: Master Zhi Gong.

Pottery industry: Ning Fengzi.

Paint industry: Yu Shi.

Qi Diao industry: Yu Boya.

Clay sculpture and dough sculpture industry: Nu Wa.

Fur trade and cooked leather industry: comparison with dry leather.

Comb line: Lian, Chen Zizi, Zhang Ban.

Sugar House: Monk Zou.

Animal behavior: horse god.

Flower line, flower farmer: flower king god.

Incubation: Zhang Wu, Lu Xianghong.

Fireworks Industry: Zhu Rong.

Dried and fresh fruit line: Queen Mother.

Fruit farmers and fruit merchants should worship the Queen Mother because they say that she has two treasures, one is the elixir of life; One is to eat fairy peaches.

Founder of Granary: Han Xin of the Western Han Dynasty.

Lao Lang God in Tang Dynasty.

According to legend, in the Tang Dynasty, a gray wolf turned into a naked child and instructed the children in the Royal Pear Garden to practice singing, with remarkable results, so as to entertain Emperor Tang Ming.

Opera industry: Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty.

Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty once called cabaret artists and ladies-in-waiting to study in the pear garden, and often personally played music with hammers and drums. Therefore, later generations called opera artists "Liyuan brothers".

Comment on Liu Jingting in the late Ming Dynasty.

In ancient times, storytelling was called Pinghua, also called drum writing and banhua. Liu Jingting, whose real name is Cao, was born in Tongzhou (now Nantong, Jiangsu) and later called "Liu Pingshu".

Qu Yixing: Zhou.

Crosstalk: Dong Fangshuo in the Western Han Dynasty.

Dong Fangshuo, who is humorous, witty and flexible, is good at teasing and amusing people, and is regarded as the granddaddy by the descendants of the phonograph circle.

Rap Daoqing: Zhang.

Zhang is a member, often playing drums, riding a white donkey, traveling around and singing Taoism.

Musical lines: Hongya (the god with white eyebrows).

Skills and Acrobatics: Lv Dongbin.

Founder of Shadow Play: Li Shaoweng in the Western Han Dynasty.

Founder of Puppet Show: Yanshi, Western Zhou Dynasty.

Founder of Trumpeter: Shi Kuang in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Kung Fu: Zhang Sanfeng in Ming Dynasty.

Thief's father: moved to the Northern Song Dynasty.

On Liangshan, Shi Qian was named the leader of the secret army. People say that he is the lower bound of the stars in the sky, and he is "a thief moves when a flea moves on a drum." No wonder thieves regard him as their ancestor.

The founder of matchmaker: the old man under the moon.

The old man under the moon is a legendary fairy who specializes in human marriage.

Founder of Justice and Prison: Hao Tao.

Legend has it that he is a descendant of Shao Hao, the eldest son of the Yellow Emperor, the head of the "Five Emperors" in ancient China, and the leader of the Dongyi tribe. Hao Tao was a saint in early summer in Shun Di. It is said that he was born during the reign of Emperor Yao, and was once appointed as "the official in charge of criminal law" by Shun. He is famous for his integrity.