Cultural History of Pingli County, Ankang, Shaanxi Province

As early as more than 7,000 years ago, our ancestors flourished in Pingli and created splendid ancient culture through long-term labor.

Many Neolithic settlement sites in xinglong village, such as Diaopenggou, Xijie Weijiaba and Tianjiawan, as well as Neolithic stone chisels, axes, stone sticks, painted pottery pieces and other daily necessities, are historical witnesses.

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During the Xia Dynasty, the whole country was divided into nine continents: Ji, Yan, Qing, Xu, Yang, Jing, Liang, Yong and Yu.

Pingli belongs to Liangzhou.

In Shang Dynasty, Pingli was the fief of Yong State in Daba Mountain area.

At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, Yong and Zhou Wuwang destroyed the business, so they had to attack the old land and build the capital in Yong, and Pingli still belonged to the ruling area.

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In the Spring and Autumn Period, in 6 1 1 year BC, after Yong was destroyed by Chu, Ba and Qin, Pingli belonged to Ba first, and then to Chu.

During the Warring States period, in 3 12 BC, Qin defeated the Chu army in Danyang (now north of Danshui, Henan); In the first 280 years, the Chu army was defeated again, and the North River of Hanshui was given to Qin, and Pingli was returned to Qin.

In 22 1 year BC, the state of Qin merged with the six countries, unified China, and implemented the county system. The upper reaches of Hanshui River are designated as Hanzhong County, and Pingli belongs to Xicheng County of Hanzhong.

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In 206 BC, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang destroyed Qin and established the Western Han Dynasty. Following the Qin system, Pingli belongs to Changli County and Hanzhong County (including peace county and zhenping county in Yunxi County, Hubei Province).

In the 6th year of Guangwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 30), Changli County was abandoned and merged into Xixian County (now Baihe) and Xicheng County (now Ankang).

During the Three Kingdoms period, Pingli belonged to the county and was ruled by Wei and Shu successively.

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In 265 AD, Emperor Wu of Jin destroyed Wei and established the Western Jin Dynasty.

In the first year of Taikang (AD 280), Shanglian County was established under the name of Lianshui (including some towns and villages in Pingli, Zhenping and Gao Lan counties), which was the predecessor of Pingli County and belonged to Shang Yong County in Zhoufang.

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During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the establishment and ownership of administrative districts changed frequently: in the early Song Dynasty, Jialian County, Jiyang, was soon revoked from Lianxian County, and its jurisdiction was merged into Jiyang and named Jiyang County; During the Southern Dynasties, Jiyang was divided into Jiyang and Shanglian counties. Pingli still belongs to Shanglian County, first to Xinxing County and then to Shang Yong County. Liang Shi is also Shanglian County, an emerging county; In the first year of the Western Wei Dynasty (552), it was changed to Ji 'an County, which belonged to Ankang County. In the third year of Sui Daye (607), Ji 'an was changed to Jinchuan County, which belonged to Jinzhou Xicheng County.

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In the first year of Tang Wude (6 18), it was zoned to the southeast of Jinchuan County (now Pingli County, zhenping county, Huali Town, Langao County), and the old city was established. Pingli County was named Pinglichuan and belonged to Jinzhou.

Dali was abandoned in 6 years (77 1 year) and merged into Xicheng county.

At the beginning of Changqing, Pingli County was restored.

In the sixth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (1073), the abandoned county was set up as a town, and Pingli belonged to Xicheng County.

Song yuan? In, the county was reset and belonged to Jinzhou.

The Yuan Dynasty set up a patrol inspection department in the abandoned county, and Pingli belonged to Jinzhou, Xingyuan Road.

In the next three years, Hongwu was restored, which belonged to Daning Prefecture (now Wuxi, Chongqing) and later to Jinzhou Prefecture. Wanli 1 1 year (1583), Jinzhou was renamed Xing 'an Prefecture, and Pingli belonged to Xing 'an Prefecture.

In the forty-seventh year of Qing Qianlong (1782), Xing 'an was promoted to the state government, and by the end of the Qing Dynasty, Pingli belonged to Xing 'an government.

In the early years of the Republic of China, it followed the Qing system; In the 6th year of China (19 17), the government was removed to build roads, and Pingli belonged to Hanzhong Road. In the Republic of China 1 1 year (1922), today Zhenping was divided into 17 Jiabao County from Pingli, and Pingli was designated as the third-class county; Republic of China 16 (1927) "After the establishment of * * * in Shaanxi Province, the middle administrative division was abolished and the provincial leadership was changed"; In 25 years of the Republic of China (1936), the administrative supervision department was established in the province. Since then, Pingli County has been the fifth administrative inspector's office. In the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), the new county system was implemented, and six counties and five counties were evenly distributed until liberation.

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1949, after the liberation of Pingli, the county people * * * first belonged to the Ankang Commissioner's Office and Ankang Commissioner's Office of the Southern Shaanxi Administrative Office, and then to the Ankang District Administrative Office, and Ankang City * * * led it to this day.

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Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the county's administrative divisions have been adjusted more than 20 times, including 9 major adjustments: since the founding of the People's Republic of China, 8 townships and 52 packages have been cancelled, 1 125a, and 8 districts and 52 villages have been established, 1 125 Lü.

1958 10, there are 8 people's communes in the county, with 39 administrative districts under its jurisdiction; 165438+ 10, Zhenping and Pingli merged into Pingli county, the county 12 people's commune, and 54 administrative districts. 1April 1963, zhenping county was restored, with four cooperatives under its jurisdiction and 15 management.

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198 1, Pingli county people's election, 39 people's communes "revolutionary committees" were renamed as management committees, and Chengguan Town "revolutionary committees" were renamed as Chengguan Town People * * *.

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1996, through the township institutional reform, the county has eight towns, namely Chengguan, Laoxian, Xinglong, Sanyang, Da Gui, Luohe, Guangfo and Baxian, Niuwang, Chang 'an, Shuangyang, Xihe, Chou He, Badao, Jay, Zhangjia, Zhengyang and Nuwa Mountain +08.

March 200 1 year, 1 1 year, and the town was merged twice. By July 2003, there were nine towns in the county, namely Chengguan, Laoxian, Xinglong, Sanyang, Da Gui, Luohe, Guangfo, Baxian and Chang 'an, and three towns, namely Xihe, Zhengyang and Nuwa Mountain.

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Second, the county changes.

The county seat has always been the political, economic and cultural center of the county.

The four changes of Pingli County have concentrated the tortuous process of the county's historical evolution.

Baituguan Cliff, the site of the first city, is located at the junction of Chang 'an Town in the east of the county seat and Zhuxi County in Hubei Province.

The first year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 280) was established in Pingli County.

Shanglian county was established first, and then Jiyang county was changed. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Shanglian County was divided into two counties, and Shanglian County was added to govern this old county. It was soon merged into Jiyang County, and the Western Wei Dynasty was renamed Ji 'an County.

The official courtyard still retains the remains of the ancient city. In the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), the Hanbai Highway was built and the ancient city was destroyed.

1982 The general survey of cultural relics and historic sites found that "the east-west diameter of the city wall is120m, and it meanders from north to south, with a gate in the east and west, and the rammed layer obviously exists, and there are sporadic celadon pottery pieces in the Southern and Northern Dynasties".

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The second city site, Shi Niu River Estuary, is located at the intersection of Shiniu River and Chang 'an Dam River in Chang 'an Town, and the place name "Guantianba" is still widely circulated.

"The Records of Guangxu County in Qing Dynasty" wrote: "First Pingli County was under the jurisdiction of Baitu Guandong, and then moved to the mouth of Shi Niu River".

In the third year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (AD 607), it merged with Ankang and Gao Lan, named Jinchuan County, and established the West Gate of Ankang City.

In the first year of Tang Wude (AD 6 18), it was set up separately, and it was still restored to the original area, named Pingli County.

Because the city was destroyed by water, the specific city site and ruins have not yet been identified.

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Gushengkou, the third city site, is located at the intersection of Donghe River (called Guanxi River in ancient times) and Beihe River (called Mingshui in ancient times) in this old county.

In the eighth year of Tang Wude (AD 625), Pingli County moved to Gushengkou.

In the Song Dynasty, it was reduced to a town and soon resumed as a county.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the county was set up and the inspection department was set up at the mouth of Shi Niu River.

In the fifth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1372), the county seat was restored, and the county seat was "washed away by the flood". County magistrate Feng Wan once again moved the county seat to Gushengkou.

In the first year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1465), "temple learning was changed to building a platform", and then "main hall, curtain hall, firewood building and prison" was built. At that time, "the land is vast and the population is sparse, and the county administration is narrow", and the county department "takes bamboo as the wall and soil as the order, which is simple and simple".

In the year of 2 1 (1485), Chenghua "built (the city wall) for six miles a week, with three gates in the east and west, blocking water from the east and west, and leaning against mountains from the north to the south".

"In the first year of Qin Long (1567), the levee was difficult to repair, and about one third of it was rebuilt. Longshan in the north, Yuexi and Kansai in the southwest ... 365 feet a week, 4 miles strange, 4 doors to find, the north gate is unfavorable, blocked ...".

In the summer of the seventh year of Chongzhen (1634), after the peasant uprising army in Li Zicheng breached the county seat and killed the guarding city leader Luo Dehong, there was no county government for more than forty years.

It was not until Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty 18 (1679) that the official was "cast and sealed".

In the 42nd year of Kangxi (1703), You Pingping, the prefect of Xing 'an, Liu Dexin, wrote a poem, which vividly described the face of the old county at that time: "The mountain barrier layer is surrounded by sunspot city, and the stream is like a rock. The bamboo fence thatched cottage is called the city, and the wild birds know its name; Dogs don't bark in secluded places, only white clouds are allowed to plow the fields in the mountains, servants run to the forest, and a few red clouds reflect the sun. "

During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, the county seat was repeatedly threatened by floods and was repaired.

After 8 years of Qing Qianlong (1743), dozens of public houses such as Bibliography and History Department, Hall, Hall and Discipline Department have been built successively, and the county government offices are relatively perfect.

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Baituying, where the county seat is located, has a history of more than 200 years.

In the early years of Jiaqing, Minister of Economy Eldenbao led troops to suppress Anbaili Rebels in western Hubei, northern Sichuan and southern Shaanxi. Seeing that the terrain of Gushengkou City was "narrow and low-lying, there was no danger to lean on", he appealed to the Qing court in the 7th year of Jiaqing (1802) and moved to Baituying (now this city).

In the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803), the Qing court authorized him to be transferred to Kuiguang as the magistrate to supervise the renovation of the new town.

So according to the old site, a 735-foot-5-foot city wall was built, which was divided into three gates (in 28 years of the Republic of China, the north gate was added), Kuicheng was expanded in the south, and a stable was built in Shandong, where 800 soldiers lived and herded horses.

Take over from the magistrate of a county in Shi Heng.

Nine years of Jiaqing (1804): calligraphy treasures, sacrificial temples, etc. All of them were added, and then Xi 'ong City was built, with five gates, battlements and buildings on the doors all intact. The main street 1 strip is 245 feet 6 feet 7 inches long from east to west, and there are many small streets1strip, such as big cross and small cross, which have been basically completed after two years of construction.

Jiaqing 10 (1805) officially moved to baituying.