What are the nine occupations of the youngest bourgeoisie in ancient times?

First of all, we must determine a standard, which is what petty bourgeoisie is. The word petty bourgeoisie is not the "petty bourgeoisie" referred to in the past sports years. Although it is flying all over the sky in newspapers and periodicals every day, even the latest "Ci Hai" is not included. We can't have an authoritative definition. According to my understanding, petty bourgeoisie should be a state of life and spirit. In this state, as a petty bourgeoisie, he has no wealth and will not worry about breakfast tomorrow. A little fame, used to satisfy lovely vanity; Only when you have leisure can you carry out all kinds of leisure-filled activities. In this way, the so-called petty-bourgeois occupation should have the following elements:

1, higher than the average social income, but not rich;

2. This kind of occupation is not popular, and there is a distance from popular jobs, belonging to those other types that peers are curious about;

3. This occupation is not only to meet the material survival, but also to bring spiritual pleasure; In other words, it contains some romantic factors.

These three conditions may not exist at the same time, but at least one or more of them need to be positioned as petty bourgeoisie.

Secondly, the ancient times mentioned here do not include the West, but are confined to China.

Third, some of the nine occupations selected below may not be occupations, but for the sake of convenience, let's just say so.

Fourthly, when evaluating these nine occupations, I adopted two quantitative indicators: petty bourgeoisie grade and risk index. Among them, the highest level of petty bourgeoisie is five stars, and the lowest is one star. The higher the star rating, the more romantic the profession is, and the more petty bourgeoisie it is. At the same time, considering that many petty bourgeoisie occupations contain risks, a risk index is set up. The risk index ranges from 0 to 10, representing the risk from low to high.

Fifth, the arrangement of the nine occupations is random, that is, in no particular order.

First, poetry collectors: folk flying bees

Petty bourgeoisie level ★★★★★★★ Risk index 0

Represents a vague face, I don't know his last name.

Among all the occupations related to culture, poetry collectors are the oldest and the most cultured. In the distant Zhou Dynasty, their figures had already appeared on the land of the Central Plains.

This is a job to travel around the world in the name of poetry. Poetry collectors are always as popular among the people as bees flying among flowers. Through these folk songs, Zhou Wang and other princes can often directly understand the sufferings of the people. In his own time, poetry collectors actually assumed the heavy responsibility of national public opinion investigators, journalists and national poetry recorders. Unfortunately, we can't know the names of these poetry collectors. They are condensed into a noun in the depths of history. We can't see their faces clearly, those from spring, those from the countryside, those from a deep ancient well. How touching they should be.

I don't know if these poetry collectors are well paid, but they must be educated. His faithful record is obviously welcomed by the people. The day when poets come to the village is often a festival. The villagers may prepare wine and greet him with the half-dried leg of lamb left over from the Chinese New Year. He even had the first or even the nth intimate contact with women in many villages. Back to the city, this ancient humble city, poetry collectors will sort out those poems and songs that still seem to exude local flavor under the torch of beans and fire. He didn't know that the hieroglyphics he carved on those heavy nights would become the source of literature in an ancient country, just as bees never thought when picking flowers, which would bring a huge human spring.

Second, chivalrous man: pain and quick double-edged sword

Petty bourgeoisie level ★★★★★★★ Risk index 10

On behalf of Jing Ke Nie Zhengyurang

"Ten years grinding a sword, frost blade never try. Test you today, who is unfair. " Chivalrous people seem to live in this world only for one thing, that is, to ask everyone-especially those who look like vulnerable groups-"have you met anything unfair?" I can fight for you, even if I die for it. "

Han Feizi, an intellectual, insisted on the idea of governing the country. He is deeply disturbed by these chivalrous men who always despise the laws of the country. In his works, he honestly criticized the chivalrous man for using force to violate the ban.

The most famous knight-errant is Jing Ke who stabbed the king of Qin. Unfortunately, all his plans ended in the collapse of Qin Ting's tall colonnade.

In my opinion, there are two chivalrous men who are better and more interesting than Jing Ke-Nie Zheng, the distant ancestor of our family, is better and Yurang is more interesting than him.

Nie Zheng used to be a butcher, but as a chivalrous man, he is an amateur, which is his second job. He killed people and fled to Qi with his mother and sister, intending to be a good butcher, mainly killing dogs. But the fame of the chivalrous man made him want to stop: Yan Zhongzi, a Korean aristocrat, came to him with gold and a respectful attitude and asked him to get rid of South Korean Prime Minister Xia Lei. Nie Zheng refused to do so, nor did he accept the gold left by Yin Zhongzi. Nie Zheng did this not because he decided to give up his second job, that is, chivalrous man, but because he thought his mother was still alive and his sister was not married, so he couldn't die. Soon after, his mother passed away, and Yan Zhongzi came to pay his respects and held a parent-child ceremony, which deeply touched Nie Zheng. After burying his mother, Nie Zheng soon married his sister and went to assassinate Xia Lei.

As a prime minister, Xia Lei had dozens of bodyguards, but the martial arts expert calmly rushed into the inner hall from outside the prime minister's house and stabbed him to death with a sword. At this time, the guards surrounded him. Seeing that there was no possibility of escape, Nie Zheng committed suicide with his sword. Before he died, he gouged out his eyes with a long sword and cut his face into a pile of paste. He did this with only one purpose: not to be recognized by others, so as not to implicate his dear, evil sister.

In order to know who the assassin was, the South Korean government issued a notice saying that anyone who could recognize the body would be rewarded with a thousand dollars. When Nie Zheng's sister Nie Rong heard about it, she knew it was her brother, so she came to Nie Zheng's body and cried. When the officer guarding the corpse asked her, Nie Rong said: This is my brother, and his name is Nie Zheng, not him, not him. The official said, are you not afraid of being implicated? Nie Rong said that my brother scratched his face and pulled out his eyes just to prevent you from recognizing him, so as to save me. But in this way, isn't his reputation buried? Can I let my brave brother die in obscurity to save myself? After that, she shouted three times. Oh, my God, she died next to her brother.

Yurang is an interesting knight. In order to avenge his old master Zhi Bo, he assassinated Zhao Xiangzi many times.

In a word, the life of chivalrous people is so full of lotus spirit, which may be the most beautiful and romantic ornament in their lives. But it is also a high-risk occupation. Since ancient times, how many knights have not died by the sword? Therefore, the sword they pulled out is a double-edged sword, which has both quickness and pain, and pain and quickness constitute the main theme of chivalrous life. To paraphrase, pain and happiness.

Court musician: Clap your hands when you are happy.

Petty bourgeoisie level ★★★★★★★★★ Risk index 3

Congressman Li Yannian Li Guinian

Court musicians should be an ancient profession. It is said that the old gentleman of the Yellow Emperor also has musicians working for him. That's just a legend, not enough. However, at the latest in the Zhou Dynasty, court musicians had already appeared in pavilions with guqin in their arms.

The working people don't understand elegant music, the court does, and the literati does. During the Han and Tang Dynasties, Li Yannian and Li Guinian, who represented the highest achievements of elegant music, always had a few listeners smile when their works came out. It is clearly recorded in the history books: "Every time you change a new sound, the listener is moved." Isn't this the highest reward for an artist?

It is said that once, Li Yannian sang a song for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which was really well written:

There are beautiful women in the north,

Leave behind, be independent.

As soon as I saw the city,

Look after this country again.

I'd rather not know the whole city and the whole country,

Beauty is hard to get again.

After listening to this song, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty said with emotion, "OK, but where can I find such a beautiful woman in this world?" Princess Pingyang recommended to Emperor Wu that Li Yannian's sister was so beautiful.

Because of this song, Li Yannian successfully promoted his sister and married Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Later, Li Yannian's sister died unfortunately, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very sad. He wrote a poem with the music of Li Yannian, "Let Yuefu musicians sing a string song". This poem is only a dozen words, and it is also a rare top grade:

Evil, not evil?

Stand and look at it,

He Shanshan is late?

Fourth, Taishou: Do you know my happiness?

Petty bourgeoisie level ★★★★★★★★ Risk index 4

On behalf of Du Mu Ouyang Xiu

Of all the official positions in ancient China, I think the satrap attracts me the most. As a local senior official, its titles in the past dynasties are somewhat different, such as secretariat, satrap and magistrate, but in general they are equivalent to the mayors of today's prefecture-level cities, and they constitute the main skeleton of China's imperial rule.

Taishou is also a petty bourgeoisie occupation, especially in those peaceful times, Taishou often becomes synonymous with an affair. Look at the literati in China. There are so many people who have been satrap, and you will understand this: Xie Lingyun, Wang Changling, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Du Mu, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and Lu You. ...

During their term of office, these happy governors were generally peaceful in the country, and there was no problem in the country, so they did some elegant things, such as rebuilding Yueyang Tower or boarding the Zuiweng Pavilion. On the one hand, they are literati themselves, and some are literary leaders at that time, occupying a great voice; On the other hand, although the position of satrap is not too high, it is not as good as that of a small official under the dust, and almost all kinds of desires in life can be well regulated.

5. Hermit: Keep me away from this world.

Petty bourgeoisie level ★★★★★★★ Risk index 0

Representative figures Xu You, Tao Yuanming and Chen Tuan.

The premise of a hermit's existence is that he thinks that his cleanliness is incompatible with this dirty world-just like water and fire, benefit and dullness, and martyr and prodigal son, he has to choose to leave and give up. Let me go further from the world. All ancient hermits are still mumbling in their graves.

If you want to be a hermit, you must have better economic conditions as the backing, otherwise you can only starve to death in the grass. Tao Yuanming's story is widely told by later generations, but people seldom think about a problem, that is, Tao Yuanming doesn't want to bend over for five buckets of rice, but he doesn't need these five buckets of rice at all. His family's industry is enough for him to live an elegant life of poetry and hops without worry. Otherwise, the tragic situation of "planting beans at the foot of Nanshan Mountain and the grass is full of bean seedlings" (presumably buying fake seeds), which makes farmers want to cry, will not be regarded as a pleasure by his old man's house.

Strangely, however, although hermits were born to settle down, they resolutely refused to let Wenda be a vassal. But sometimes because hermits are famous, the court will repeatedly ask them to be officials. This situation is a bit like ordering a widow who is determined to give up drinking to remarry, which is both embarrassing and angry.

So Xu You decided to wash his ears well. It is said that Mr. Xu You was a great hermit in the ancient Yaodi period. Yao tried to pass on the throne to him several times, but he resolutely opposed it. Later, Yao told me that he wanted to be appointed governor of Kyushu, equivalent to a senior official at the level of prime minister. I don't know if Yao Di is old and groggy, or if he is out of his mind. Xu You doesn't even want the throne, so why does he want to be the leader of Kyushu? Sure enough, he was very angry, thinking that Yao's words had seriously polluted his precious ears, so he ran to Qi Shui bian to wash his ears again and again-from the perspective of modern people, some people might mistakenly think that he was washing a pair of pig ears ready to be pickled into snacks.

Doctor: Please stick out your tongue.

Petty bourgeoisie level ★★★★★★★ Risk index 0

On behalf of Qin Yueren, Zhang Zhongjing and Sun Simiao

If you are not a good doctor, you will be a good soldier. If you are not a good soldier, you will be a good doctor. Taking a good doctor and a good doctor after a good general as an example, it shows that this profession of saving lives has a lofty social status in ancient China.

In ancient times when there was no competition from western medicine, the position of famous doctors was prominent. From dignitaries to ordinary people, few people may not have deep awe of them. This awe, in the final analysis, is an investment in one's health.

"Please stick out your tongue and show me your tongue coating." A famous doctor, usually in his forties, has a strong body and keen eyes. He sat in the hall with celebrity calligraphy and paintings and hanging pots to help the world, and gently opened his lips to every patient with an approachable voice.

Of course, when famous doctors are young, they don't always sit in the classroom for consultation, but walk on the dusty road, just like today's experts in science, technology, health and culture go to the countryside to build their reputation in the years that belong to the people.

Librarian: a wise man in loneliness

Unqualified grade ★★★★ Risk index 0

On behalf of Lao Tzu Sima Qian

No matter how prosperous the metropolis is, the library is always lonely or relatively lonely. Knowledge can only be passed down from generation to generation if it is far away from all sentient beings, because they are two opposites of things.

Ancient libraries are naturally more lonely. Our first royal librarian, his name is Li Er, the author of Tao Te Ching.

As Zhou's librarian, Lao Tzu really has nothing to do. In such a big library, there are so many bamboo slips with many white mildew spots. When the weather is fine, I will instruct the staff to carry these heavy things out to dry. That's all.

We thought that Lao Tzu would read eagerly in the library, just like a hungry man jumping on bread. In fact, this idea is too naive. For a man of great wisdom like Lao Tzu, where is it necessary to absorb nutrition from bamboo slips that echo others from afar?

More often, I just sit alone in the window seat. Close your eyes and think, this is his daily homework. From the changes of peach blossoms, water lilies, chrysanthemums and plum branches outside the window, he can feel the changes of the four seasons, and the wandering of life and the world has taken another small step forward in indifference.

The result of Lao Tzu's lonely meditation is to write his immortal work Tao Te Ching. But surprisingly and shamefully, the most important book in the world (estimated to be no more than ten equally important books) is only 5,000 words. Today this is the opening part of the novelist's description of one-night stand.

But the 5,000 spiritual Chinese characters clearly explain the truth between heaven and earth, which shows that the master is really extraordinary. There must be some reasons why a master becomes a master that we don't know.

8. Teacher: It's time for class, children.

Petty bourgeoisie level ★★★★★★★ Risk index 2

On behalf of Confucius

When I was the director of the National Library, I basically didn't study, but a young man nicknamed Kong Laoer often came here to visit and ask questions.

In ancient times, when only the children of aristocrats could attend school, Confucius initiated a private school to attract the children of working people to attend school with the policy of teaching without distinction, which made him jump from a teacher to an educator.

Confucius' teaching method really envies future generations. Confucius sat in the Xinglin forest in his hometown of Qufu, and the students sat around him. Teacher Kong cleared his throat and could speak fluently for two hours. At other times, he asked his disciples one by one with various questions designed in advance. Later, I simply took my apprentice to travel around the world in an ox cart, studying in thousands of books and taking the Wan Li Road. Presumably, various problems in life will be properly handled and solved in this vigorous lecture tour.

9. Explorer: There is a soul under your feet and a distance.

Petty bourgeoisie level ★★★★★★★ Risk index 8

On behalf of Xu Xiake Wang Dayuan

Someone asked a mountaineer, why do you want to climb a mountain?

The mountaineer replied, because the mountain is there.

We asked a bird, why do you want to fly?

The bird answers, because the sky is there.

If we are the same explorer, a professional explorer, why should we explore?

He may also say, because the distance is there.

All the answers tell us that not all events need a very clear reason. Since we can't tell which part of our body or spirit we love a woman, we also allow explorers to love distant places for no reason.

Xu Xiake is one of the few outstanding explorers in China. With the help of his feet and donkeys, he walked for most of his life 400 years ago, until he could find his footprints in most of China.

A few years ago, after the death of Yu Chunshun, a contemporary explorer, I wrote a very touching article, including a few words that I think are still suitable for ancient explorers in China:

"... I often think that there is obviously such a person among human beings: their amazing achievements are often only because of their comfort to their souls. When the soul is like an afternoon breeze and feels the irresistible call of fate, it must play games with the journey and dream of the soul again and again in a different secular way, and life will be illuminated by the brilliance of the stars and the moon. If each of us is no longer sensitive after years of polishing, we can have a spiritual journey; If the soul can really accompany me all my life like a breeze; If the meaning of life can start with a dream in the middle of the night ... then, when I re-examine the land where a strong man walked, I can gently say to myself: the birds have flown and there is no trace left in the sky ... "