On Ouyang (Ma Xu in Ming Dynasty) Detailed Data Collection

Lun Ouyang (1359- 1397) was born as a scholar and was the son-in-law of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor. In the afternoon of December of the 14th year of Hongwu (138 1 65438+ February 23rd), he married Princess Anqing, with the rank of Taishi. In the thirty years of Hongwu (1397), he was sent to Sichuan and Shaanxi, and sent his men to smuggle tea out of the country many times to reap huge profits. Zhu Yuanzhang was furious and sentenced Lun Ouyang to death.

Basic introduction of real name: Lunouyang time: Ming birth time: 1359 death time: 1397 life profile, detailed introduction, life profile Lunouyang was a scholar, married Zhu Yuanzhang in the fourteenth year of Hongwu (1380), and was born with Princess Anqing, with the rank of captain. In the thirty years of Hongwu (1397), he once "sent envoys to Sichuan to enter Shaanxi" and "sent several private tea merchants out of the country" to make huge profits, and Shaanxi Chief Secretary officials dared not ask. Zhou Bao, a domestic slave, is even more arrogant, with dozens of scooters. Beating the tax inspector of He Qiao Company in Lantian County, the tax inspector was humiliated and reported to the court. Zhu Yuanzhang was furious and sentenced Lun Ouyang to death, and Zhou Bao and others were killed. In the thirty years of Hongwu (1397), another major case occurred. We say that this case is big, not because the amount involved is large, nor because the scope involved is large, but because Zhu Yuanzhang showed his decisiveness and determination in this case. What case? Leno Yang Xu case. In order to control the minority areas in Xifan, the Ming Dynasty exchanged tea from the Central Plains for horses in Xifan, which was regarded as a strategic material. Originally, it was strictly forbidden to export tea without permission, because if you control tea, you can restrict minority areas to a certain extent, which is necessary for you. Besides, after you give it this tea, you can still get the horse. This has several advantages for the country, so it is forbidden to leave the customs without permission. Xu's husband, Lun Ouyang, used his royal family to let his men smuggle tea. This person used government vehicles in the local area, broke through without authorization, and did not pay taxes, which was out of control. And he is an official who plays Chu at will. The local gatekeeper couldn't bear to report to Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Yuanzhang was very angry when he got this information. He arrested and killed Lun Ouyang and resolutely put him to death. Who is LUN Ouyang? Just now we said he was Xu. Who is the princess he married? It's Princess Anqing. This princess is no ordinary princess. Her mother is Ma Huanghou, the earliest couple of Zhu Yuanzhang. Ma Huanghou gave birth to such two children-two daughters. Princess Anqing is one of them. No one can intercede, so he resolutely killed Lun Ouyang. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang did not hesitate to destroy his relatives in order to establish his own bureaucratic order, clarify bureaucrats and consolidate his rule. After Zhu Yuanzhang's three major cases, Zhu Yuanzhang hid in his study and devoted himself to writing a book in the terror atmosphere of the whole country. So what is this book? Why did Zhu Yuanzhang concentrate on writing this book at such a special moment? Just now, we said that Zhu Yuanzhang compiled a lot of corruption and evil deeds he had dealt with into a book called "Da Gao". He asked every family to have a copy of the big tower. If you hide the pagoda at home, you can reduce the crime of one degree during the trial. In the year when the Great Pagoda was released, hundreds of thousands of students came to Beijing to give lectures on the Great Pagoda, saying that we all learned the Great Pagoda. This commutation measure in Da Gao became a criminal law system in Ming Dynasty. In the future, whenever a sentence is tried, as long as there is a "big seal", the sentence will be reduced by one level. It can be seen that the purpose of Zhu Yuanzhang's heavy punishment is to protect people's interests from infringement and clarify and rectify. After the publication of Daguan, there are Daguan sequel, Daguan III and Daguan Wu Dachen, which are cases specially compiled for military commanders and military attache. What is Zhu Yuanzhang's intention about compiling a high school? Liu Sanwu, bachelor, has Preface to Dabao. He said: "Japanese, Chinese and foreign ministers, are indifferent to the sacred heart and greedy for ink." The reason for the malpractice began with six Caos (it is said that it was not long ago that many officials did not understand Zhu Yuanzhang's intentions, and they did evil and took bribes and perverted the law. The root cause began with six Caos and six Caos. " ) As the chief culprit, it is headed by Guo Huan (he is the head, that is, the vice minister of the Ministry of Finance, and both the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance are its vice ministers). It is said that Cao Liu was originally a far-reaching place, taking bribes and breaking the law, and the efficiency was attributed to it, endangering the people. Zhu Yuanzhang can't bear to be innocent and can't let these people get hurt. He could not impose five punishments on them, and various criminal laws were imposed on them. The following two sentences, although guilty, are actually born. Although he was punished, he wanted to protect his head and stop committing crimes. ) The emperor tried his best to cure diseases and didn't waste food, but it was still a book, thinking that the world should be warned and he loved the people deeply. The emperor was so busy governing the world that he didn't even have time to eat. He also compiled this book. He loves the people deeply. This is the preface written by Liu Sanwu to him. Zhu Yuanzhang is a grassroots. He was born at the grassroots level. He suffered. He knows what it is to suffer. He still has a paragraph. He said: "This book is not the words of officials, nor is it an article by scholars. I'm afraid it's hopeless. Let me put it bluntly. All big people and small people should know that good people and fools should be saved. This book and the interests of the army are not documents that will hurt him. " My words and my books were not written by scholars or officials, but by officials. This is the truth. My article is harmless. So, he made up a big height. Although every case is accompanied by cruel punishment, he is also accompanied by a heart of loving the people. (In the early decades of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang repeatedly cleaned up the bureaucratic ranks with his strong determination to crack down on corrupt officials and frightening harsh criminal laws. Then, what did Zhu Yuanzhang bring to the Ming Dynasty after the massive wave of anti-corruption and after a batch of corrupt officials were sent to the execution ground? Can the officialdom in the early Ming Dynasty be completely new? At that time, many people were very dissatisfied with Zhu Yuanzhang's harsh laws. In fact, everyone is worried about themselves. As early as the ninth year of Hongwu, there was an instructor in Pingyao County School of Shanxi Province, who called Ye Boju to write to Zhu Yuanzhang and put forward several things that Zhu Yuanzhang had done wrong. One of them is called "torture is too complicated", saying that you Zhu Yuanzhang used too many punishments. What exactly did he say? "In the past few years, there have been many killings. The perpetrators are very serious and the good reasons are not clear. There is no distinction between good and evil. The method of discussing ability has been abolished, and people are lazy and lazy. Believe it, everyone guesses at dusk. Everyone who was slaughtered yesterday, even the people below, have been forgiven and recovered. The subjects of the world are at a loss. " What do you mean? Say that you punish people every day, just appoint him as an official in the morning and abolish him in the afternoon. What should losers do? I don't know what to do. Everyone in this official team is afraid, and it is difficult to live a down-to-earth life every day. In the twenty-first year of Hongwu, a bachelor named Xie Jin wrote to Zhu Yuanzhang, and also raised the problem that his punishment was too complicated. He said that it has been more than 20 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China. "There are very few unchangeable laws, and no one will fail one day.". When you hear your majesty's anger, you will punish his traitors, and you will never praise him for his great kindness, enjoy the whole world and return to your hometown. " What do you mean? It's harsh to say, I often hear you punish this and that, but I don't listen to who you praise. At that time, officials were very nervous. They often get up at work in the morning to say goodbye to their first wife, saying that they left today and don't know if they can come back alive. Fortunately, when they came home at night, they saw their wives' faces and said, I have lived another day today, and I don't know what will happen tomorrow. In this way, although the corrupt officials were frightened, on the other hand, the management of officials in the early Ming Dynasty, especially in the Hongwu period, was clarified. In the History of Ming Dynasty compiled by Zhang in Qing Dynasty, there is a biography of an honest official, which specifically records the life story of an honest official. The biography of an upright official is about the Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty for more than 30 years, accounting for two-thirds of all people. There is also a passage in this biography of officials: "For a while, obey orders and fear the law, lead an honest life and love the people, and take this as the purpose of being an official, and the management of officials will be completely changed." At this time, these local officials were afraid of criminal law and lived a clean and honest life to meet Zhu Yuanzhang's requirements, and the official management took on a new look.