What did Pang Tong do and why he was named after Zhuge Liang?

When Liu Bei heard that everyone advised him to take profits from the west, he was actually entangled in his heart. Liu Bei, as a fierce generation, certainly wants to win Bashu Hanzhong and achieve the cause of Gaozu. However, he has concerns.

Concern 1: insufficient strength.

After Liu Bei captured Jingzhou four counties and Nanjun, he inherited one third of Liu Biao's original power, but his strength was only over 30,000. However, Yizhou Liu Zhang has an army of 100,000, and it is impossible to succeed by trying his best to fight for it, let alone divide his troops to defend Jingzhou.

Focus 2: Word of mouth.

Liu Bei has always been famous for his benevolence and righteousness, and Cao Cao's army is under siege. This is why Tao Qian asked Xuzhou and Liu Biao to entrust their orphans. Only in this way can Xuzhou scholars and Jingzhou scholars join him. Now, Liu Zhang is in good health. Two generations have been running Yizhou for nearly 30 years, and he is quite popular and has many supporters. Now, although there are two different methods to correct Zhang Song, Liu Bei doesn't know what others think. I heard that Yizhou engaged in Wang Lei to stop himself from entering Sichuan, and committed suicide at the gate of the state capital. Huang Quan, the main book of Yizhou, also tried to stop it. As a result, Liu Zhang was demoted to Guanghan County.

Therefore, when Pang Tong also advised Liu Bei to take Yizhou, Liu Bei said: "Today I am a man of fire and water, and Cao Cao is also anxious, so I am lenient; Fighting violence with violence, I am benevolent; Fuck with arrogance, I am loyal; Every time you are an enemy of Cao Cao, things can be heard. " I don't take anything from anyone who breaks his word and is loyal to the world, because he is so small. "

At this time, Pang Tong said something that changed Liu Bei's life.

"Contingency, solid is not a can also. It's uncle Wu's business to attack ignorance with cowardice. Reluctant and obedient, repay kindness with righteousness, and after the matter is settled, seal it as a big country. Why did you lose to the letter? " It's good for others not to take it today. "

In this troubled times, you have to change at any time. The Monkey King has changed seventy-two, and Pig Bajie has changed thirty-six. How can we change from a female university to a female university? How can we stick to a road? We didn't have territory before, so we should be benevolent. Now that we have a growing territory, we must be domineering! If we don't annex weak countries, where will it come from? Weak country is the original sin! If you pity him, why don't you seal him up for compensation when you're done? Well, grab it if it's cheap, or someone else will grab it if it's late!

This humble sentence in the history book is very important, very important, very important! Because of this sentence, Liu Bei's moral outlook and way of thinking have been changed. I don't know what you think, at least when I read "Purple Tongzhi Sword", I strongly felt the great changes of Liu Bei before and after this. Before this, Liu Bei always said that he was benevolent and always said that he could not bear it. It seems that he has a moral cleanliness. After that, Liu Bei became very realistic and utilitarian.

I don't think this is Liu Bei's nature, but it must be influenced by Pang Tong and Fazheng. Like when? Take people across the river? Someone advised Liu Bei to sneak attack Xiangyang and hijack Liu Cong. Liu Bei said, I can't stand it. ? But later, Zhang Song, Fazheng and Pang Tong collectively advised Liu Bei to attack Liu Zhang at the second Liu Hui meeting in Fucheng. Then Liu Bei said, "This is also an important thing. We should not act in a hurry. " Although Liu Bei didn't do these two things that violated benevolence and righteousness, it is obvious from Liu Bei's answer that his mentality has changed. In the past, Liu Bei always considered benevolence and righteousness first, but now Liu Bei only cares about whether he can do it, and benevolence and righteousness have become secondary things.

From this perspective, if Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang are politicians, then Pang Tong and Fazheng are more like strategists in the Warring States Period. The characteristic of strategists in the Warring States period is that they never talk about interests, loyalty, success or failure, or positions. So Zhuge Liang sighed in the face of the fiasco of Yiling. If filial piety exists, it can be controlled by the main order; If you go back to the East, you won't be in danger. ? Zhuge Liang and Zhao Yun may not only know how to take sides, but their eloquence and experience are not as good as that of Pang Tong.

In a word, Liu Bei listened to Pang Tong and made up his mind to give it a try. But Jingzhou is fundamental and must not be lost. Although Cao Cao's main attack direction is no longer Jingzhou, he still left generals such as Le Jin and Man Chong in Xiangyang, which cannot be ignored. So Liu Bei left all his old brothers, such as Zhao Yun, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhuge Liang, and only brought a group of new Jingzhou people, such as Pang Tong, Wei Yan and Huang Zhong, to Shu. In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, what did Liu Bei say? Will tens of thousands of people enter Yizhou? Actually, it was a bluff, because later Liu Zhang? First, increase the main force to attack Zhang Lu and command the White Water Army? Baishui Pass is located in Wuliya, Yingpan Township, Qingchuan County, Guangyuan City. It is the gateway to Hanzhong in central Sichuan, which is very important. There are more than thirty thousand troops? It can be seen that Liu Bei's troops entering Shu are not many, and more than 10 thousand people are amazing.

It seems that when Liu Bei entered Shu, he still held a try attitude. Perhaps, Liu Bei really thought about killing Zhang Lu for Liu Zhang, and then made it a prosperous place for the high-impedance dragon, and made it a horn with Jingzhou, and finally achieved great things. In this way, Liu Zhang and Yizhou strongmen can also live under the barrier of Liu Bei, with a win-win outcome. This can also be seen from the official positions recommended to each other at the Fucheng meeting on February 26. Liu Zhang promoted Liu Bei as the agent fu, and led a captain in the official department, all of whom were central officials. Obviously, he encouraged Liu Bei to hurry from Hanzhong to Sanfu to welcome the return of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, and Liu Bei pushed Liu Zhang as the general agent of Zhenxi to take charge of Yizhou animal husbandry, which was a recognition of Liu Zhang's sovereignty over Yizhou, indicating that he had nothing to ask for.

But Liu Bei soon found that his idea simply didn't work. Zhang Lu practiced theocracy in Hanzhong, and his followers had strong cohesion. In addition, after Cao Cao defeated the Guanzhong generals, Ma Chao, Yin Cheng, candidates and other Guanzhong warlords all led down archers to flee to Zhang Lu. In addition, when the two sides fought, tens of thousands of Guanzhong people fled from the meridian valley to Hanzhong. According to Zhang Lu's "Gong Cao Yan Pu", at this time, Hanzhong registered permanent residence has exceeded 100,000, and it is surrounded by fertile soil, which is impregnable. According to my estimation, there are at least 50,000 soldiers and horses in Zhang Lu, and there are highly effective Liangzhou fighters to help. Liu Bei wants to capture Hanzhong with this 30,000-odd-name army, which is simply daydreaming.

So what should we do? According to Liu Bei's routine in Xuzhou and Jingzhou, only when Cao Cao's army captured Hanzhong and then attacked Yizhou, Yizhou strongmen had no choice but to abandon Liu Zhang with poor military ability and take refuge in Liu Bei. However, Cao Cao seemed to know Liu Bei's plan, so he had already won Guanzhong, but he didn't fight Hanzhong, which led to Liu Bei's being stuck in Jiamengguan (located in Zhao Hua Town, Zhaohua District, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province, which is equivalent to establishing a logistics base after Baishuiguan) for more than a year.

Of course, Liu Bei was not idle for more than a year. Did he? Thick wood and thick morality can win the hearts of everyone? And Yang Huai, Gao Pei, etc. Liu Zhang sent him to establish good relations with Baishuiguan generals. However, Liu Bei was not sure how to seize Yizhou, so he had no excuse and was in a hurry. At the critical moment, schemer Pang Tong gave Liu Bei advice, and Pang Tong gave Liu Bei three strategies.

The best policy is to choose a good soldier in the dark and attack Chengdu day and night; Liu Zhang's military capability is very poor, and it is unprepared for us. You can fuck him with an Italian gun! Bottom line: Return to Bai Di and echo with Jingzhou, Yizhou and Xu Tu.

These two strategies are really bad, either stupid or nonsense, and they are simply not up to standard. We have analyzed before that Liu Bei's army in Shu will be more than 10,000. Even if Liu Zhang was unguarded, Liu Bei could not sneak attack at one stroke. Moreover, when Liu Bei leaves, Yang Huai and Gao Pei of Baishuiguan will inevitably start work, and then Liu Bei will be wiped out. Liu Bei can't accept it, which means that he has been busy for more than a year. Liu Bei is 53 years old. Even if an old emperor like Emperor Gaozu had unified the world at his age, he didn't even have a shadow. Time is precious, Xu Tu can't waste it!

Therefore, the key is to recruit. A high-level counselor like Pang Tong must have carefully studied the Warring States Policy and understood that the best way to make leaders listen to their own suggestions is to put a few unreliable suggestions at the same time, so that leaders will choose the most reliable ones. And Pang Tong actually wants to give Liu Bei an idea, the key lies in Yang Pei.

Pang Tong said that Yang Huai and Gao Pei are famous soldiers under Liu Zhang, and their troops are very strong, guarding the most dangerous pass in Yizhou. Although the two generals admire your reputation, they don't like the generals. You are in charge of them here, so they wrote several times to persuade Liu Zhang to let us go back to Jingzhou. General, you might as well play along and ask Liu Zhang to go back to Jingzhou. Because at this moment, Cao Cao is attacking ruxu's mouth of Sun Quan, and letting Le Jin lead the troops to invade Jingzhou, and he is entangled with Guan Yu in the blue mud area at the border between the two sides. It is very reasonable for the general to apply for returning to Jingzhou to rescue Guan Yu and Sun Quan at this time. It can not only confuse Liu Zhang, let him relax his vigilance further, but also let your two small fans, Yang Huai and Gao Pei, come to see the general off happily. When the time comes, you will chop up these two little fans and annex their troops.

Pang Tong's plan is quite reliable, which is the only way for Liu Bei now. But the biggest problem is that Yang Huai and Gao Pei are not at fault, and Liu Bei's cutting them like this is detrimental to their moral image. We know that it is quite difficult for a person to break through the moral image and psychological defense line he has maintained for a long time. Even Emperor Gaozu of Liu Bang, who had no bottom line, heard that Lv Hou had cheated Han Xin, and he was both happy and pitied, not to mention Liu Bei, who kept his mouth shut. But Liu Bei finally did it. He used Liu Zhang's lack of supplies as an excuse to help him return to Jingzhou. Zhang Baishui's commander, Yang Huai, was called to be beheaded rudely. ? Then enter Baishuiguan, take the families of Liu Zhang soldiers as hostages, coerce Liu Zhang soldiers to join Liu Bei's army, and unite thirty thousand troops to capture Chengdu at one stroke!

We don't know how Pang Tong managed to get Liu Bei past this threshold in his heart. In short, after this incident, Liu Bei finally broke through his own bottom line and really upgraded to a lean generation. Liu Bei's move was unexpected. According to Pang Tong's prediction, Liu Zhang should be defenseless and Liu Bei broke through to the gates of Chengdu. However, at this critical moment, a shocking case broke out, which not only defeated Liu Bei, but also took more than two years to win Yizhou and destroyed Zhao Qing, a 36-year-old from Pang Tong.