What is the relationship between Emperor Guangwu and Emperor Hanwu?

First of all, we all know that Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, was born in Liu Fa, the sixth son of Emperor Hanjing, and was the sixth generation compared with Liu Fa, the sixth son of Emperor Hanjing. According to this generation, Liu Che, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, should be the sixth ancestor of Liu Xiu, but this is only calculated according to blood relationship. In fact, Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, did not call Liu Che the sixth ancestor in history.

Guangwudi, grandfather, shy, uncle Wen. Born in Cai Yang, Nanyang, the grandson of Emperor Gaozu IX. He comes from Jingdi and was born in Changsha. When the Tomb Festival happened, I bought it. It gave birth to the prefect of Yulin, the giant deer came back, it gave birth to Nantang, and Qin gave birth to Guangwu. -"The History of the Later Han Dynasty, Volume I, First History of Emperor Guangwu"

This involves the question of the succession of the ancient throne. Starting from Wang Ding Liu Fa, the sixth ancestor of Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu, the first pulse of Liu Xiu is no longer a big pulse, but a small pulse compared with Guangwu Emperor, that is, the first pulse of Liu Xiu is collateral to the royal family rather than direct. As a collateral line of the Han Dynasty, although Liu Jiangshan was restored under the banner of ZTE, legally speaking, he did not have the right of inheritance. In order to justify themselves, at the suggestion of ministers, Liu Xiuzun Han and Bill Han Zu had this relationship. It is no longer unreasonable for Liu Xiu to inherit the throne, at least legally speaking, Liu Xiu is qualified to inherit.

As for who he listened to, it is clearly recorded in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Zheng Chuan. It is said that a letter was sent to Xiaguan, and Da Situ Dai She and Da Dou made a discussion: "Now it is appropriate to bring the five emperors Xuan, Yuan, Cheng, Ai and Ping close to the temple, and Xuan and Yuan emperors respect their ancestors and serve the temple kindly. Below the emperor, there are sacrifices to the grave, and the ministers stand in the temple with respect and kiss. " The emperor followed it. At that time, the ancestral temple was unprepared. Since then, it has been enshrined in Luoyang High Temple, below Emperor Cheng, and in Chang 'an High Temple, and its South Tang IV, depending on its position, has been enshrined.

According to Liu Xiuzun's statement that he was his grandfather, the relationship between Liu Xiu and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty went further. Was Liu Che the sixth ancestor of Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty? If we simply copy it, Liu Xun of Xuan Di, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was the great grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was indeed the sixth ancestor of Liu Xiu. However, in ancient times, we paid attention to the order of respect, inheritance and small clan, and then there was such a cognition in ancient etiquette: Li is the son of the latter, which may not be the case. Because there is a problem that cannot be ignored, that is, the relationship between Emperor Xuan Di and Liu Xun and Emperor Liu Che.

Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty had six sons in his life. The eldest son was Herry Liu, the grandfather of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty Xuan Di, and the youngest son was Liu Fuling of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty Zhao Di. In 74 BC, Liu Fuling, the Han emperor who succeeded to the throne in 13, died, leaving no children, leaving a blank in succession to the throne. At this time, in order to make the throne continue to be passed down, the imperial clan first proposed that Liu Xu, the only surviving brother of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, should inherit the throne. Although this proposal ensured the continuation of the succession to the throne, it had a shortcoming, that is, it declared that Emperor Zhao Han was the heir of this vein. In the end, this proposal was rejected, and Liu Xu, the king of Guangling, lost the qualification to inherit the ancestral temple.

At the suggestion of Huo Guang and other officials, Liu He, the grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the nephew of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the son of Liu Bo, the mourning king of Changyi, was chosen as the new heir. However, at this time, Liu He's legal father was no longer Liu Bo, the filial piety king, but Liu Fuling, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty. In other words, Liu He inherited the throne on the premise of respecting Liu Fuling as his father. It is recorded in Hanshu that a long time ago, Emperor Xiao Zhao died as an heir, and ministers openly discussed it and said "being the son of the latter". Later, Changyi Wang Yi sent Zong Zheng, Dr. Dahonghon and Dr. Guanglu to attend the funeral of Changyi Wang Dian.

Unfortunately, only 27 days after he ascended the throne, Liu He was abolished as Shu Ren because of his immorality and social insecurity, and the throne was vacant again. As a last resort, ministers began to look for new successors. New successors should not blindly seek from the imperial clan, but also follow the most basic inheritance order of the big and small imperial clans, according to the book written by Huo Guang and others: "Courtesy, benevolence, kinship, respect for ancestors, respect for clans and respect for clans. If you don't have a large number of heirs, choose wise descendants. " According to the order of Wendi-Han Jingdi-Han Wudi-Han Zhaodi, the son of Han Zhaodi is the most suitable, which is the main reason why Liu He was selected. However, after Liu He was abolished, an embarrassing reality appeared.

The son of Liu Yi, the eldest son of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, has long died, and Liu Hong, the second son of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, has also died, leaving no children. Liu Dan, the third son of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was excluded from the rebellion when he was Emperor Zhao. Liu Xugang, the fourth son of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, was excluded at first, and Liu He, the son of Liu Bo, the fifth son of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, was abolished.

When Huo Guang and others were depressed, Liu Xun was chosen as the new heir at the suggestion of his servant Du Yannian. Of course, the procedure still has to go. The reason given by Huo Guang is: "courtesy, humanity, respect for ancestors, respect for ancestors. If you don't have a large number of heirs, choose wise descendants as heirs. The great-grandson of Emperor Xiaowu was ill and was taken care of by the imperial court. By the eighteenth year of this year, he was thrifty and kind, having been studied by The Poems, The Analects of Confucius and The Book of Filial Piety. He can be filial to Emperor Zhao, flatter his ancestors and have 10 thousand surnames. " Liu Xun can inherit the throne on the premise of inheriting Emperor Xiao Zhao, that is to say, in the patriarchal sense, Liu Xun, as the son of Emperor Zhao Han, inherited the unity. More specifically, according to the official letter, it can be confirmed again that "Li" is the latter and his son. Therefore, it is not allowed to sacrifice parents and respect ancestors. Your majesty is a filial queen, bearing the sacrifices of ancestors, and making gifts is not more than leisure.

In this way, Liu Che was no longer the great-grandfather Xuan Di of Liu Xun, but became a grandfather. Under this kind of legal inheritance, the generational relationship between Liu Che, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and Liu Xiu, Emperor Guang of Han Dynasty, also changed.

Therefore, only by understanding the relationship between Liu Xun and Liu Che, Liu Xun and Liu Xiu can we better understand the relationship between Liu Che and Liu Xiu. It seems awkward, but in fact, under the patriarchal clan system, their relationship can be guaranteed.