The origin and humanistic investigation of Tongling high surname in Dongshan County

Long Huaxia, all beings; Everyone has a surname, and each surname has its own source. The Chinese nation has a tradition of searching for roots and ancestors, and every descendant of the Yellow Emperor hopes to find the origin of his surname and understand his ancient ancestors. Gao surname is one of the oldest surnames in China, and its origin can be traced back to the distant Yanhuang era. It has gone through a long historical process from its origin to its appearance, from obscurity to becoming one of the most popular surnames in China.

The high surname of Tongling in Dongshan follows the lineage of Yandi and the branch of Jiang from generation to generation, and is an integral part of Chinese surnames.

First, the origin of Emperor Yan and Gao surname

In ancient legends, Emperor Yan, known as one of the two great ancestors of the Chinese nation, was a figure intertwined with God. According to legend, in the primitive times 5,000 years ago, the leader of Shaodian tribe living in Shaanxi today married Jiao's two daughters, one named Deng and the other named Deng, and gave birth to a eldest son for Shaodian respectively. Female Deng was born to Emperor Yan, known as Shennong, and ranked as "Huang San"; Attached treasure is the yellow emperor, known as Xuanyuan, ranking first among the "five emperors". According to Guoyu. ","Yellow Emperor is made of pumping water, and Yan Emperor is made of Jiang Shui. Success is different from virtue, so Huangdi is Ji and Yandi is ". Therefore, Ji surname and Jiang surname are also considered as the two oldest surnames in China history. Jiang Shui, also known as Qishui, is the north tributary of Weihe River in the east of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province. Therefore, some scholars believe that Yan Di nationality originated in the upper reaches of Weihe River, and then gradually moved eastward, expanding eastward along the south bank of the Yellow River. Among many branches of the clan, it is said that Fengboling is closely related to the origin of Gao's surname.

Feng Boling, also known as Boyi, is generally regarded as an ancestor, and he was later made Qi in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Ru Yan said in Zuo Zhuan Zhao Gong's Twenty Years: "In the past, the cool dove family began to live here, and the reason for the season was because of Boling and Pugu, and then there was the Taigong family." "Shi Ji Shi Jia" said that the ancestors tasted four mountains, assisted Yuping soil and water, and sealed in Shandong in summer. Four mountains are Boyi. Sima Zhen's Suoyin further explained: "Qi Taigong, surnamed Jiang Mingya, is a descendant of Emperor Yan, after Bo Yi. Zhang Siyue made meritorious deeds and was named Lu, and his descendants followed his surname Lu, which is still behind him. " According to Records of the Historian (Volume 32) and Biography of Gao in Bohai Sea, (Jiang Shang) is the 54th grandson of Emperor Yan.

Jiang Shang, also known as Lv Shang and Lv Wang, was formerly known as Jiang Mingya and Jiang Taigong. Jiang Shang assisted Zhou Wenwang in his voyages to the Western Seas, while Jiang Shang assisted Zhou Wuwang in cutting merchants and establishing the Zhou regime. Because of his outstanding military exploits, he was enfeoffed to Yingqiu (now Zibo, Shandong Province) and founded the State of Qi. He was the founder of the State of Qi and was also honored as Qi Taigong. He rectified the bureaucracy, followed local customs, simplified all kinds of etiquette, made agriculture, industry and commerce smooth, and made Qi a powerful country. In 386 BC, from the establishment of Qi State to "Tian Dynasty Qi". More than 600 years later, Jiang Qi's regime has been handed down for 20 generations, with 32 monarchs.

According to legend, Jiang Taigong's eighth Sun Qiwen Gong (Jiang Chi) had a son who was enfeoffed in Gaoyi (now Yuchuan City, Henan Province) and his grandson named Jiang Si, who was a minister of the State of Qi. When the dispute between the ruling and opposition parties was turbulent, Jiang Si strategized, saved the day, and made Jiang the monarch of Qi, that is, Qi Henggong. Because of his outstanding achievements and high prestige, Qi Henggong let his descendants inherit Shangqing, and took "Gao" as his grandfather's surname and called it Gao. According to New Tang Book (7 1), Gao isNo. 165438. From then on, Gao's descendants took Gao as their surname and flourished for a while. Gao is revered as the ancestor of China's high surname.

There are eight counties in Bohai, Yuyang, Liaodong, Guangling, Henan, Jingzhao, Jinling and Shanxi.

In the second year of Zhanghe in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 88), the 25th Sun Gaohong was appointed as the magistrate of Bohai County (now Cangzhou, Hebei Province), and later settled in Ren County (now Jingxian County, Hebei Province), becoming the ancestor of Gao's family in Bohai. Since then, after Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Gaos in Bohai flourished and became the most prestigious branch of Gaos, with descendants all over the country, so that most of the Gaos in later generations called themselves "Gaos in Bohai". The high surname of Tongling in Dongshan also belongs to "Bohai High".

Second, the migration process of ancestors with high surname in Tongling, Dongshan

According to New Tang Book (Volume 7 1), Historical Records (Volume 3 1), Gao's Genealogy, Sharla Cheung Gao's Genealogy, Xiao Yun Gao's Memorabilia and Dongshan Tongling Gao's Genealogy, the migration process is as follows:

The first generation is the ancestor Gao Xi, who lives in Changqing County.

The 10th Gao Chai, born as a lamb, was one of the 72 sages of Confucius and moved to Qufu, Shandong Province.

The 25th Gao Hong, named Shi Lian, the ancestor of Bohai Sea, moved to Jingxian County, Hebei Province.

Gao Qiong, a 54-year-old treasure minister, was a brave warrior king in the Northern Song Dynasty, and moved to Hao County with his father Gao Qian.

Gao Yaozu, the ancestor of the high surname of Fujian and Guangdong, moved from Yin Shan, Zhejiang (now Shaoxing) to Zhangpu, Fujian in the second year of Xining, Song Shenzong (1069).

No.59 Gao Dongxi, Yan Xian, was a scholar in Shaoxing in the second year (1 132). He has four sons. Except the youngest son who is engaged to Princess Yin Ping, the daughter of Yue Fei, the other three sons live in Zhangpu, Longhai and Nanjing respectively. One of them was Anxiangyin, Yuezhou, Hunan Province, and later moved to Chaoyang, Guangdong Province, where he was the ancestor of Gao's surname.

Eighty? Gao Dongxi's second1grandson, Gao Zanjiu, moved his family from Zhangpu to Gaozhuo Village in Xiao Yun, Gu Lou during the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty (168 1). He respected his ancestors, built Gaojia Temple in Gaocuozhai, and worshipped his ancestors Gaodongxi. He has two sons, the firstborn Tian Xiang and the second Tian Rui. Changfang's great-grandson is a famous dragon. According to the word of mouth of Yunxiaogou's family, Great Sunlong was born in Tongshan. Since then, Gao Long has taken root in Dongshan, with lush foliage.

Third, the cultural status of the high surname in Tongling

Gao Long, also known as Gao Bang Yuan, is the ancestor of Gao in Tongling. In the tenth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1732), he moved from Xiaoyun Shuiliugou to Tongshan (now Tongling Town, Dongshan). When I first came to Dongshan, I worked hard by selling radishes. Later, I was recruited as a son-in-law by the Cui family in Dongshan. He gave birth to three sons, the eldest son gave birth to Cui Shi (now Mr. Cui Wulie and Mr. Cui Youqiu are his descendants), the second son Gao Jun was chosen as the ancestor of Tongling, and the third son returned to live. Tongling High School has been passed down for twelve generations, with a population of about 1500.

From Xianfeng of Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, Gao Zhengyang, Gao, Gao, Gao Bailing, Gao, Gao Liankui and senior celebrities emerged in Tongling Gaojia. They set up shops, operated shipping, established theatrical troupes and actively participated in social welfare undertakings, leaving a glorious page in charity, education, painting and calligraphy, lantern riddles and Kunqu opera.

(1) store

Chengfa Store: Located at Qianjin Street 16 1. Its founder is the third generation Gao Zhengyang, who deals in domestic products such as porcelain and building materials.

Grow-up shop: In Qian Qian Street, the founder is Lao Si Gao Jiongyao, who deals in cloth and silk products.

Zhang Tong Store: On Qian Qian Street, the founder is Gao Ruzhen, the fifth generation, who deals in brown sugar, rice and other foods.

Chengfa Store: In the street, the founder is a senior five, dealing in cigarettes, wine, tea and so on.

Zhangfadian: In Qian Qian Street, the founder is Gao Jinyong VI who deals in stationery such as pens, ink and paper.

Yicheng Store: No.278 Future Street, founded by the sixth generation Gao Qiongzhi, deals in imported groceries such as Guangdong and Nanyang.

Heshun Pawnshop: In Future Street, the founder is the sixth Gao Zhiqing who is engaged in pawn business.

(2) Brief introduction of merchant ships and fishing boats

The merchant ships Fanghua, Huacheng and Huade were founded by Gao Zhengyang.

Tongling electric ship (merchant ship) was founded by Gao Ruzhen.

There are two fishing boats, Dongcheng, which are engaged in setting nets and inducing wind respectively. The founder is Gao Zhiqing.

Jinhua issued merchant ships, which were founded by Gao 'an Prefecture.

1950 When the Kuomintang troops retreated from Taiwan Province Province, they requisitioned the merchant ship Lidong with a cargo capacity of 2,000 tons. It is said that the hull of the ship is still in Taiwan Province Province. The founder of the ship is Gao Liankui, and the manager is Gao.

(3) Drama Club

In the 18th year of the Republic of China (1930), Gao Zhiqing founded Dongshan Jade lotus town Han Opera Troupe.

During the period from 1940 to 1950, Heshun pawnshop opened Kunqu Opera training room.

(D) Qing Dynasty, Republic of China, rural sages and scholars

? "Tracing back to the source, carrying forward the virtues of ancestors, teaching others to learn from others, and choosing good ones to follow" is an excellent tradition of the Chinese nation, and the descendants of the Gao family in Tongling have also inherited this excellent tradition. Since the ancestor Gao Bang Yuan moved to Dongshan, he has made a fortune and prospered through the efforts of the first and second generations of ancestors. Especially Gao Zhengyang, the third generation ancestor, was born in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty and died in Guangxu twenty-four years of Qing Dynasty (1898). In his youth, he founded Chengfa Chinese goods store, and then bought merchant ships such as Huacheng, Huade and Fanghua to and from port cities such as Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangzhou for transportation trade. He is not only a simple businessman, but also keen on social welfare undertakings. In the fifth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, he donated money with Xian Huang and Sun Youquan of Dongshan Township to advocate the construction of Tongshan Outer City. In Dawoshan, he, Sun Youquan and Chen Zhennian built a tomb and erected a monument for Mr. Huang Daozhou's ancestral grave. In the ninth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, the tenth year of Guangxu and the seventeenth year of Guangxu, he participated in the reconstruction of Wuci and Nanzhen Academy three times. Therefore, people in the village address him respectfully as. The third generation Gao also generously donated a pair of stone pillars of Guandi Temple in the ninth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, and his kindness was forever engraved in the hearts of fellow villagers. In the seventeenth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, Gao died, and the court gave him a "Hui" (from seven products). The fourth generation Gao Jiongyao was a famous calligrapher in Tongshan at that time. Gao Bailing, his eldest grandson, acquired his calligraphy style and became a calligrapher in Fujian. Gao, the fifth generation, was the mayor of Tongshan Town during the Anti-Japanese War and the president of the Fishery Association of Dongshan County Chamber of Commerce. He took an active part in raising funds to buy planes to fight against Japanese invaders. His riddles are clever and interesting, and he is also a famous Kunqu artist in Dongshan County. The sixth generation opened a fishing boat with a wind and a shuttle net in Dongshan County, opened a Heshun pawnshop, and founded the "Jade he cheng" Han Opera Troupe to perform for the villagers free of charge. His third son, Gao Liankui, graduated from the Literature Department of China, yenching university, which was a missionary school in the early 1940s. Gao Bailing, the sixth generation, is a writer who writes fluently with brush. At the age of 25, he was elected director of Dongshan persuasion school. He has been employed by schools in Xiamen, Tongan, Shima and jiaomei to teach Chinese, history and calligraphy. His "Mo Bao" was listed in the collection and acquisition catalogue of Xiamen Museum, and his four flags were collected in Dongshan Hall, Singapore, making him a famous calligrapher in Dongshan County during the Republic of China. Gao, a descendant of the seventh generation, studied under the famous painter Mr. Lin Ruiting. His Chinese paintings are famous for their fresh composition, beautiful shape, detached brushwork and unique style. Gao Rui, the seventh filial piety, is famous for his clay sculpture and woodcarving works both inside and outside the county.

(5) charity.

The Gaos in Tongling is a charity. In the ninth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1872), Gao Zhengyang donated 30 taels of silver to rebuild Guandi Temple, and in the seventh year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (18 1), he donated 30 taels of silver to rebuild Nanpi Academy. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1908), when the Guandi Temple was rebuilt, the Gaos' shops donated money to it. In the 17th year of the Republic of China (1928), Zhang Cheng invested in 500 yuan and Baiyin built a castle for Jianzhai Village (the site is still there). In the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), "Zhang Tong" and "Zhang Cheng" donated money to 500 yuan for anti-Japanese aircraft (the square monument was erected at the top of Jiuxian Mountain).

Four. conclusion

As Gao Aiming, the former chairman of the Political Consultative Conference in Dongshan County, said, "It is a cultural custom of the Chinese nation to drink water from the source and worship the ancestors. It is this custom that makes Chinese civilization handed down from generation to generation and spread widely around the world ... ". Yes, it is the Chinese civilization passed down from generation to generation. In the new era, scholars and celebrities such as Gao, Bian Bingxin (formerly known as Gao Ruyu), Gao and Gao Yiqian have emerged in the Gao family in Tongling, Dongshan. Their achievements in marine biology research, music, painting and calligraphy, education and other fields are all contributions to society and hometown, inspiring future generations. However, this paper cannot be as detailed as possible about the origin, cultural investigation and social welfare activities of Tongling Gaojia. It is only based on the desire of the descendants of the Chinese people not to forget their origins, and by extension, people love their motherland, nation and hometown more.

? 2017165438+1Wednesday, October 22nd