Culture and Customs in Cangshan County, Shandong Province

Folk literature Cangshan folk literature is very rich in content, mainly including myths, legends, stories, jokes, songs and other forms. Among them, myths include the myth of creation, the myth of the sun, the myth of the origin of all things, and so on, such as Yang Erlang's Taoshan Crossing the Sun, Little White Dragon Descending from Earth, Clairvoyance, Ear with the Wind and so on. Legend has it that there are a wide range of historical figures, events and local scenery. Favorite are King Tussah, Fafa, Master Sharpener Guan, Fan, Lao Li with bald tail, etc. Stories are mostly ghost stories, life stories, love stories and humorous stories. The most popular ones are Little Sugar Gong, Fox Fairy Rescue, Wolf-backed Woman, Good Wife and Huang's Fortune Telling. 1June, 988, Cangshan County Folk Literature Integration Office collected more than a thousand stories, sorted out 1 16 stories, compiled them into the first volume of Cangshan County Folk Literature Integration Story Volume, and published and printed 4500 copies. 1in July, 970, hundreds of ballads were collected and compiled into the first volume of Cangshan County Folk Literature Comprehensive Ballads, including 1 12 ballads. Zhang Wenming, editor-in-chief of 199 1 year1month, was awarded the title of advanced worker by the Shandong Provincial Department of Culture, the Provincial Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the Ethnic Affairs Commission.

Drama 193 1 Guo once taught in Wenfeng Primary School. He wrote his own drama and led the students to perform at the Expo. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is active. Lu Xun Art Brigade, Political Task Force of Sulu Detachment, Baodu Drama Club, Liming Drama Club, Spark Drama Club, Warrior Drama Club, Lunan Cultural and Art Troupe and other literary and art groups wrote and performed themselves and performed everywhere. It gradually disappeared after the 1970 s.

Around 1938, there were opera performances in Cangshan rural areas, mainly including Du Fu, Baodu Drama Club and other literary and artistic groups. These tracks include Put Down Your Whip, Cowherd and My Mother Talk Back. Yangko Opera and Allegro Opera also appeared in this period. After the founding of New China, it flowed into Henan Opera, Siyan Opera, Huangmei Opera and Shandong Opera. From 1959 to 1996, these operas appeared every time when the county organized cultural performances.

Quyi is popular in shadow play, drums, storytelling, drums, fishing drums, fast books and so on. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, it began to flow in, and artists were professional and semi-professional. After the founding of New China, the Party and the government strengthened the leadership and management of Quyi. 1952 10 County Cultural Center established the first Quyi Artists Association. There are1/kloc-0 artists, including 65 blind artists. 1957 There are 40 paintings of clear water and green waves registered by Shandong Quyi artists. The boat is tied to the waist of the female dancer, like a boat. Another man dressed as a lion, holding wood pulp and rowing poles. The boatman and the rower walk and dance together, just like a boat on the rippling water. Some sang and danced, accompanied by gongs and drums. Yangge was popular in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period. Several people or dozens of people form a yangko team. Generally, dancers dress up as various figures, hold props such as fans, handkerchiefs and colored silks, sing and dance, and are accompanied by instruments such as gongs, drums, suona, erhu and flute. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Yangko was mostly performed by sisters in rural areas and became a folk dance that people often performed in festivals, celebrations and cultural performances.

The stick dance is also called "Hua Gun", "overlord whip" and "Jin Qiangun". Hua Gun is made of bamboo poles, and copper coins have eyes at both ends and in the middle. The number varies, arranged in formation. The dancers held Hua Gun up and down, left and right, flapping their limbs, shoulders, back and so on. , making a uniform and rhythmic sound, singing and dancing with music. There are many such programs in mass cultural performances.

Waist drum dance is also called "waist drum team" and "beating waist drum". Usually a few to dozens of people form a formation. Dancers wear an oval drum around their waist, and each hand holds a drumstick. They beat drums alternately, hit various spots, and dance while tapping, with neat and robust movements and strong sense of rhythm.

Door stickers are a kind of paper-cutting art, commonly known as "door money", "door crane" or "flower paper" It is usually posted on New Year's Eve. Each door has five pieces of different colors, which are pasted on the purlin. From left to right, it is Touhong, Erqing, Surabaya (Xiaohong) and Wulan (Zi) in turn. It is rectangular and consists of three parts: chamber, frame and ear. There are two kinds of door stickers, one is composed of flowers and birds, phoenix, wild animals, tigers and other patterns, and the other is composed of words, such as "New Year is enough" and "Vientiane renewal". The production process can be divided into monochrome and color matching. Color matching tickets, commonly known as "changing the cavity", need to cut out the patterns of various parts of the tickets and reassemble them to make them more colorful. Cangshan stationery has many origins and different styles. Xiaoling pays attention to simplicity, while Xicheng pays attention to simplicity. The Great Wall and Fengcun are good at color matching. Cangshanmen's notes are both naive and vulgar. 10 In 1964, the foreign commission came to Cangshan to collect10 sets of stationery and participated in the exhibition in foreign embassies. In May, the California newspaper 1982 introduced the Cangshan paper-cutting art. In addition, Cangshan stationery is very popular in Jiangsu, Henan, Anhui and Northeast China, and merchants come to buy it every Spring Festival.

Printing Cangshan folk calico can be divided into blue printing and color printing, with blue printing being the most popular. Blue calico is printed and dyed by anti-dye method. The former printing plate was carved with paper, but it was gradually replaced by plastic sheets after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Dyeing method: firstly, the mixture of soybean milk, lime and egg white is used as the base material, which is brushed on white cloth by printing plate, dried and boiled, and dyed with indigo. After the cloth is dried, the bottom material is scraped off, exposing white flowers on a blue background, so it is called blue printed cloth. Its pattern composition not only has a pattern structure program, but also has its own technological characteristics. It consists of disconnected points, short lines and small areas. The common pattern consists of seven dots, commonly known as "cat hoof flower". The theme of blue calico is mostly peony, plum blossom, bamboo chrysanthemum, magpie, phoenix, fish and so on. With the theme of returning to the grave, it has homophonic meanings of land reclamation and cultivation, such as "magpie makes plum blossom", "peony plays the wind", "more than one year" and "dish is rich and long". It symbolizes auspiciousness, peace and happiness. Calico printing plates can be divided into edge plates, corner plates, core plates and calico plates. Artists change their sizes, adjust their uses and dye various quilts, mattresses, door curtains, bags, pockets and printed fabrics according to customers' needs. Southern towns distribute colored printed cloth. Warrior Lan Ling Chen Lian has a high level of color printing. Since the 1950s, scarlet is the main color, and green, pink, purple, blue, yellow and other colors are overprinted, with rich and magnificent patterns, which are especially loved by newly married wives. Blue calico has been circulated for a long time, which has both use value and aesthetic value. 198 1 year, the public daily and the rural public published the blueprint pattern of Cangshan county. Since 1980s, thousands of meters have been transported to Beijing and other provinces and cities as exhibits, materials, gifts and souvenirs, which has aroused the revival of experts, artists and clothing industry.

The representative place of Cangshan clay figurine toys is Xiaoguo Village, which originated in Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty. The grandfather of the late clay sculpture artist Li Xianzhi studied in Tianjin and mastered the skills of carving idols. In order to support his family, he carved human animals from local yellow mud, dried them, roasted them, painted them and sold them in the market. At first, only five or six families learned to do it, and later it spread all over the village. Xiaoguo's clay figurine plays have a wide range of genres, including opera figures, livestock, birds and animals, single animals (birds), and double animals or people and animals, such as God of Wealth, county magistrate, the Monkey King, Pig Bajie, White Snake, Cowherd and Weaver Girl, pine nuts with phosphorus, fighting tigers, riding horses, holding chicken (fish) dolls, tigers and lions. There is a reed whistle at the bottom or back of the clay toy, which will make a "whoop" sound when it is blown gently, which is very popular among children. For more than 100 years, Cangshan clay toys have found markets in Zaozhuang, Linyi, Xuzhou, Xinyi, Lianyungang, Tianjin and Nanjing. Danyang, Luoyang, Kaifeng and other places also have sales. Cangshan clay sculpture has always been highly valued by artists. 1964, the Shandong Provincial Museum of Mass Art sent 75 clay toys such as Li Xianzhi and Zhang Shuixi to the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Central Committee, and participated in 10 exhibitions of folk arts and crafts in several embassies in China. 1982 (sponsored by China Artists Association)No. 10 published two clay toys (including Yang Zongbao) made by Li Yufa of Xiaoguo Village. 1983 Nanjing Institute of Arts and Crafts selected six clay toys from Li Yufa as visual teaching AIDS. 1984 Beijing Academy of Arts and Crafts and Beihai Heyuan Castle Center Toy Factory asked Li Yufa for 200 sets of clay toys.