Brief introduction of emperors in song dynasty

Song Taizu (927-976) was Zhao Kuangyin. Founder of the Song Dynasty (960-976). Zhuozhou (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province) people. It turned out to be an inspection in front of the Hou Zhou Temple. In the first year of Stegosaurus (960), Chen Qiao mutiny was launched, and the regime of the Hou Zhou Dynasty was seized, and the Song Dynasty was established in Kaifeng, which was called the Northern Song Dynasty in history. Since the third year of Qianlong (963), the unified strategy of "south first, then north" was adopted to attack and destroy the separatist regimes in the south such as Jingnan, and troops were stationed in important places in the north. He also used a glass of wine to release the military power and other strategies to cut off the military power of imperial generals and buffer regions. Reform the official system, and civil servants serve as state and county governors. The central government has added a deputy minister (to participate in politics), and let the Tang dynasty and the three divisions divide the army and money to share power. When he was in power, he strengthened centralization and ended the separatist situation in the buffer region. However, his policy of valuing literature over martial arts and "guarding the weak inside" had a great influence on the poverty and weakness in the Song Dynasty.

Song Taizong (939-997) was the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty (976-997). My name is Zhao Xuan. Mao's younger brother, formerly known as Kuang Yin, later changed his name and changed his name to Guan after he acceded to the throne. He took part in the mutiny in Chen Qiaoyi and made his younger brother emperor. He inherited Mao's policy of "breaking the separatist regime one by one", forced Yue to cede territory, and personally conquered the Northern Han Dynasty, trying to recover sixteen states of Youyun. However, after two defeats against Liao, they adopted the policy of passive defense. Internally, we will further strengthen centralization, expand the system of taking scholars in imperial examinations, and build Chongwen Academy to compile Taiping Yulan. He paid attention to building water conservancy projects and reclaiming wasteland, which intensified the exploitation in the later period of his rule and aroused the uprisings of Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun. He betrayed the "Golden Chamber Alliance", killed his younger brother and left his eldest son Yuan for the people. He died in Bianjing Wanshoutang in 997 at the age of 59.

Song Zhenzong (968- 1022) was the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhao Heng, formerly known as Zhao Dechang, was the third son of Emperor Taizong. He was once named Hanwang, Xiangwang and Shouwang. Later, he became a prince. During the early reign of Xianping and Jingdezhen, they were called to rule the world because of their diligence in political affairs and economic development. However, in the first year of Jingdezhen (1004), Liao invaded Zhou Qiguo, and the battle of Qiyuan established an alliance under the city, which set a precedent of seeking peace and exchanging things for peace in that year and increased the burden on the people. Later, Wang Qinruo was ordered to be auspicious, sealing Mount Tai in the east and worshiping Fenyang in the west, and extensively building Buddhist temples and Taoist temples, which led to the intensification of social contradictions. He died in Yanqing Hall of Beijing Palace in 2008+0022 at the age of 55 and was buried in Yongding Mausoleum for 25 years.

Song Renzong (1010-1063) was the emperor of the northern song dynasty (1022-1063). Zhao Zhen, formerly known as Welfare. When Zhen Zongzi acceded to the throne, he was only thirteen years old, and the empress dowager Zhang Xian listened to politics. Ten years later, he took office and began to be frugal. However, after repeated defeats in the Xixia War, he was forced to compromise with silver, silk and tea to increase the annual currency and make peace with Liao. Land annexation, redundant palaces, redundant soldiers, and redundant expenses are becoming more and more serious. Although Fan Zhongyan and others were used for reform, the result failed. But generally speaking, during the reign of Injong, the country was relatively stable. 1063, Injong died in Funing Hall in the palace at the age of 54. According to the History of Song Dynasty, his mother Shi Li was stolen as her own son by Liu Defai after giving birth to Renzong. After Injong acceded to the throne, he still recognized Queen Liu as his biological mother, and Li dared not recognize mother and son when he died. After the death of Queen Liu, Injong knew the inside story and made Li the empress dowager. Later generations wrote "Civet cats for princes" according to this history.

Song Yingzong's name is the great-grandson of Taizong and the son of Pu. Injong had no children, and Injong was raised by Injong in the palace when he was young, and was named Zongbao. /kloc-in 0/050, he was appointed as the ambassador of Yongyue State, and later as the defense ambassador of Qin Zhou. 1055 made him an heir. During the reign of Emperor Yingzong, Han Qi, an old minister, was unwilling to reform, but there was no war with Liao and Xixia. 1067, died in Funing Hall in the palace. He was buried with Gao Hou, Di Qing and Yang in Yu Ling for four years.

Song Shenzong, Zhao Yong (A.D. 1048 ~ 1085), formerly known as Zhong Cheng. The eldest son of Yingzong. Yingzong succeeded to the throne after his death. /kloc-died in 0/8, aged 38, and was buried in Yongyuling (now Dongbao, southwest dike of Gongxian County, Henan Province). God Zhao Zhuan was named King Huaiyang and King Ying successively. Yingzong was made a prince when he died. He likes reading Han Feizi. After reading it, he said, "There are many disadvantages in the world, and we need to reform." Yingzong died on the fourth day of the first month of A.D. 1067 and succeeded to the throne on the same day. The following year, his year number was changed to "Xining". After Zhao Yong acceded to the throne, in the face of the serious situation of "poor and weak" in the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to make Qiang Bing rich, ease class contradictions and save the crisis of feudal rule, he ignored the palace, abandoned his elders and began to use Wang Anshi to preside over the political reform. The implementation of the new law for more than ten years has increased the state's fiscal revenue and enhanced its military strength. However, the new law touched the interests of big landlords and was strongly opposed by conservative officials. At that time, there was an earthquake landslide in a place, and conservatives said that Wang Anshi's political reform was improper, which caused God's anger. In A.D. 1073, Hebei suffered in the early morning and the victims were forced to flee. A conservative official took the opportunity to draw a map of refugees and presented it to Zhao Yong, saying, "The early disaster was caused by Wang Anshi's political reform. As long as we stop the political reform and get rid of him, God will rain to eliminate disasters. " The Empress Dowager Cao and the Empress Dowager Gao also cried in front of them that Wang Anshi had messed up the world and demanded that the new law be stopped. Zongshen wavered, and Wang Anshi was forced to resign twice and never became an official again. After Wang Anshi resigned, Zhao Yong maintained most of the new laws for nearly ten years until his death. In the war with Xixia, Wang Shao was appointed in the early stage, which won the battle of Xihe River and recovered 2,000 miles of old Han land. The late eunuch Li Xian suffered a fiasco in Lingwu because of improper command. Zongshen got the news in the middle of the night and got up and paced, but Dadan didn't sleep, so he was ill. In February 1085, he was seriously ill. In March, he appointed Zhao's servant as the Prince and asked the Empress Dowager to cooperate in handling state affairs. On the day of the Reform Movement of 1898, he died in Funing Hall, Bianjing Palace. After Zhao Yong's death, the name of this temple was Zongshen.

Song Zhezong Zhao Xu, formerly known as Med, is Zongshen's sixth son. He was once named King of Yan 'an County. Zongshen was made a prince when he died. After Zhezong ascended the throne, he was only nine years old and was ruled by the empress dowager. 1093 after taking office, he appointed ministers who advocated political reform to crack down on the old school and the middle school. Chasing Sima Guang, and putting people from Su Like in Lingnan. Restoration of exemption law, garbo law, young crops law, etc. Terminate the negotiations with Xixia, strengthen the border defense, and repeatedly defeat the West, forcing them to make peace. 1/kloc-died in bianjing in the first month of 0/00, reigned for fifteen years, and was buried in Yongtai mausoleum at the age of twenty-four.

Song Huizong (1082- 1 135) was the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty. My name is Evonne. During his reign, Cai Jing, Tong Guan and other treacherous officials were given the power of castration, violently embezzled and plundered people's wealth. He also respected Taoism and claimed to be the founder of Daojun Emperor. Daxing wooden soil, extensive construction of palaces and courtyards, and the establishment of bureaus to collect exotic flowers and stones are called "Flower Stone Class". The construction of "Genyue" in the capital led to peasant uprising. In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1 125), he was transferred to Emperor Zhao Huan. In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), he was captured by Jin Bing and went north to Wu Guocheng (now Yilan, Heilongjiang), where he could not return until his death. He is engaged in painting and calligraphy, and is famous for flower-and-bird painting and "thin gold book" calligraphy. Xue Ji, a beginner in calligraphy, and Huang Tingjian, a calligrapher. Regular script is thin, vigorous and beautiful, and has the reputation of "bending iron to break gold". It has its own system and is known as "thin gold body" internationally. Handed down from ancient times are True Grass Thousand Characters and Xie Lin Lanting Silk Edition.

Song Qinzong (1100-1156) was the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty. My name is Zhao Huan. In the seventh year of Xuanhe (1 125), the nomads from the army went south, and their father, Hui Zong, ascended the throne. The following year, he was forced to use the hawkish Li Gang to resist gold and behead the deposed Cai Jing party. But I still promised to pay compensation and cut Taiyuan for peace. After Bianjing City was broken, gold fell and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. In the second year of Jingkang (1 127), he and Hui Zong were exiled to the north as nomadic people and imprisoned in Wu Guocheng (now Yilan, Heilongjiang). 1 16 1 year, Zhao Huan was trampled to death by a horse in the state of Jin at the age of 57, and his burial place is unknown.

Southern Song Dynasty

Song Gaozong Zhao Gou reigned for 35 years. Song Huizong's ninth son 1 127, acceded to the throne in Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) in Nanjing, and was renamed Jian Yan. Rejecting the anti-gold claim of the main war faction, he fled south to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) in 1 138, and established the Southern Song Dynasty regime. He killed Yue Fei, a hawk, and bowed to the ruler. There is a palace overhaul, extravagant and extravagant, just for peace. He is an out-and-out bad king. In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162), Xiaozong was established, calling himself the emperor's father. 1 187, died at the age of 8 1 and was buried in Songling, Shaoxing. Posthumous title: Emperor Wen Zhaoren of San SHEN WOO was ordered to do his best to rejuvenate the country. Song Xiaozong Zhao Bozong (1127—1194) was in office for 27 years. Yongyuan, grandson of Song Taizu VII and son of Wang Xiu. 1 162 acceded to the throne, restored Yue Fei's reputation and started the war of resistance, but was defeated and made peace with the State of Jin, which was known as "Longxing Peace Talks" in history. 1 189, Zen position and his son (Guangzong Zhao Dun) were called the emperor's father. 1 194 was 68 years old. Dynasty story: Longxing peace talks. Song Guangzong Zhao Dun (1147—1194) was in office for five years. The third son of Xiaozong, who ascended the throne at the age of 42, was not only politically groggy, but also henpecked. His queen Li is a famous jealous woman in history. 1/kloc-0 abdicated in 1994,/kloc-0 died in 200 at the age of 54. Posthumous title: Emperor Wen Wenshun and Wu's Filial Piety. Buried in Shaoxing Songling. Song Ningzong Zhao Kuo (1162-1189) was in office for 30 years. Guangzong's second son made Yue Fei king of Hubei and deprived Qin Gui of his title. 1206, Han yazhou ventured north, was defeated, and was victimized by Queen Yang, so the pacifists took control of state affairs. 1208, entered into a humiliating "Jiading Peace Conference" with Kim. 1224, died at the age of 57 and was buried in Maoling. Posthumous title: Emperor Wu Gongxiao of Chunde, Fatianbei Road, was buried in Song Ling, Shaoxing. The story of the dynasty: Qingyuan party class, Jiading peace talks. Song Lizong Zhao Yun (1205- 1264) reigned for 40 years. Song Taizu's tenth grandson, Ningzong's adopted son. The dominant position of Zhudaoism was established, and in 1234, it joined forces with Mongolia to destroy gold. 1264 10 month, died of illness at the age of 60. posthumous title: Emperor Wen Renwu, who made contributions and prepared for virtue, was buried in Song Ling, Shaoxing. Song Duzong Zhao Qi (1240- 1274) was in office 1264- 1274, a total of 10 years. Li Zong's nephew was adopted as an adopted son, and he became the Crown Prince on 1260. After Li Zong died, he succeeded to the throne. Father Zhao and Rui. After the accession to the throne, he was addicted to debauchery, the powerful minister Jia Sidao was autocratic, and the decline of state affairs showed an upward trend. The Southern Song Dynasty is in danger. 1July 274, died at the age of 35. Posthumous title: Duan Di was buried in Shaoxing Songling. Song Gongdi Zhao Xian (127 1 year-1323) was in office for 2 years. He Zong's eldest son was only 4 years old when he ascended the throne. 1276, Yuan soldiers invaded Lin 'an, and Emperor Gong was captured. 1288, Kublai Khan forced him to become a monk in Tibet. 1323, was given death. At the age of 53. Zhao Chang (1269- 1278) was in power for two years. Gong is Xian's younger brother and Du Zong's second son. Acceded to the throne in Fuzhou, fled in defeat and died on the way, at the age of 10. Wei Songwang Zhao Min (1272- 1279) was in office for 1278- 1279, a total of 1 year. Wang Wei Zhao Min is the third son of the only family. After the defeat, he was persecuted by Yuan soldiers, and Prime Minister Lu Xiufu threw himself into the sea. He was eight years old. At this point, the end of the Song Dynasty, a total of 3 19 years, a total of 18 emperors.