What are the local operas in Quanzhou? Pearl of coastal culture

Quanzhou is the cultural capital of East Asia, with rich historical culture and modern social civilization. Among them, the Gaojia opera and the puppet show in Quanzhou opera culture have won many honors and are deeply loved by people. So, what are the local operas in Quanzhou? Let's get to know each other next.

Gaojia opera

Gaojia Opera, also known as Ge Jia Opera, Jiujiao Opera, Tai Ban and Tu Ban, originated in Quanzhou, Fujian. It originally originated from a costume parade in the rural areas of southern Fujian in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, in which Liangshan heroes were dressed up and martial arts skills were performed. It is the local opera with the widest broadcast area and the largest audience among all kinds of operas in southern Fujian. Its footprints spread all over the Fujian-speaking areas such as Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwan Province Province, and also spread to Nanyang, where overseas Chinese live in concentrated communities.

The repertoire of Gaojia Opera can be divided into three categories: atmospheric drama (court drama, martial arts drama), embroidered room drama and ugly drama, among which martial arts drama, ugly drama and case-solving drama are the most, and Shengdan drama is the least. There are more than 900 traditional plays, most of which are from Peking Opera, Puppet Show and Puppet Show, a few of which have absorbed Liyuan Opera, and some are created by artists based on historical novels and folklore. Originally, the roles of Gaojia Opera were only raw, Dan and ugly. Later, two colors were added: net, paste, outside, end, north (net) and miscellaneous, so that actors could follow the plot. Singing is also relatively free, there is no certain stage, and the performance time can be long or short.

Gaojia Opera uses "Nanqu", "puppet show" and folk tunes, and Nanqu is the main theme. The musical instruments used in Gaojia Opera can be divided into literature and military music. Accompaniment instruments are mainly wind music and suona (mainly pipa after liberation), in addition to flute, two strings and three strings. Percussion instruments and their percussion methods are the same as those in Beijing Opera, but the three links and the general are different from those in Beijing Opera. Double bell, bell lamp, etc. Be added to an ugly scene or a relaxed scene. After liberation, 195 1 established Quanzhou Popular Drama Club (1957 was changed to Quanzhou Gaojia Opera Troupe), 1954 participated in the East China Opera Exhibition, and "Peach Blossom" and "Sweeping Qin" won the script award and performance award.

Liyuan opera

Liyuan Opera is one of the traditional operas in Fujian Province. Liyuan Opera originated in Quanzhou in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and together with the Southern Opera in Zhejiang, it is called "the voice of Fujian and Zhejiang" and "the living fossil of ancient Southern Opera". Liyuan Opera is widely spread in Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Xiamen, Chaozhou, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asian countries.

Liyuan Opera is an ancient opera, and many southern operas and music have been preserved to this day. In the forty-five years of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1566), the story of Li Jing was published, which shows the popularity of Liyuan opera at that time. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Gaojia opera rose rapidly in Quanzhou, and Taiwanese opera was also widely spread in Zhangzhou and Xiamen, and Dacheng opera appeared with a new look. As a result, Liyuan Opera has been severely challenged, with the number and scope of class clubs decreasing. Even the Liyuan Opera in Xiamen has been changed to singing Taiwanese opera. 1In the late 1940s, Liyuan Opera was on the verge of extinction.

There are two kinds of Liyuan Opera: drama and drama, and drama is divided into On the Road and Going South. These three schools have their own "Eighteen Tents" (reserved songs) and specialized vocals. The provinces in Song Dynasty were called Lu, and the provinces in Minnan and Zhangzhou were called Lu. So "On the Road" drama refers to the drama introduced from Zhejiang. His plays are relatively old, and he has kept many scripts of Southern Opera, such as Cai Boyi, Wang Kui, Wang, Liu, Zhu Wen (Zhu Wen is peaceful), as well as some scripts such as Embroidery, Serious Face and Zhu Wen.

shadow play

Quanzhou puppet show was called silk puppet in ancient times, and 1957 was named line show. It is an ancient traditional art of Han nationality and belongs to puppet show. Originated in the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, it has spread in Quanzhou, commonly known as Jiali Opera. After hundreds of years of inheritance, it has gradually formed a complete and mature set of performance regulations, performance rules, idol making techniques, rich performances and unique drama music-puppet tune. When General Secretary Jiang visited Quanzhou, he watched the beautifully carved Quanzhou puppet with great interest.

The performance of Quanzhou puppets is very difficult. Each puppet image has 16 to more than 30 slender strings. By virtue of their exquisite traditional line rules and skillful performance skills, artists of past dynasties have created many vivid characters, which embodies the exquisite, vivid and vivid artistic characteristics of Quanzhou puppets.

Dacheng opera

Dachengxi is popular in Minnan-speaking areas centered on Quanzhou, Fujian Province. It is a religious drama developed from local folk religious ceremonies, commonly known as "ritual drama", "teacher drama" and "monk drama". The performing arts of Dacheng Opera are mainly martial arts and acrobatics, drawing on the martial arts programs of Beijing Opera, while the musical tunes are based on Buddhist songs and Taoist tunes, absorbing local Liyuan Opera, Gaojia Opera and accompaniment instruments.

The early music, singing and marching of Dacheng Opera have a strong puppet show style. His performances are mainly jumping, wrestling and acrobatics, and sometimes he also performs some Shaolin boxing skills. Its superb martial arts skills are closely related to the traditional South Shaolin Boxing, which is a living cultural relic of Quanzhou South Shaolin Boxing and unique in the traditional operas in southern Fujian. Influenced by Beijing Opera in the later period, Beijing Opera's martial arts performances were mostly adopted. Literary dramas have absorbed some moves from Liyuan Opera and Gaojia Opera to enrich themselves.

A poem should be read at the beginning, end and end of a play. There are more rhymes, and the pronunciation of singing white is heavier, but it is softer than Gaojia opera and close to spoken language. In addition, it also has a "big cage" that other operas don't have, which contains clothes for performing various types of dance programs, which can be used with the performances and is interesting and vivid.