Zhuang is the most populous ethnic group in China, mainly living in Guangxi and Wenshan, Yunnan, but also distributed in Lianshan, Guangdong, Congjiang, Guizhou and Jianghua, Hunan. Population 15489600 (1the fourth population census in 1990). Zhuang language belongs to the Zhuang-Dai branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, which is divided into two dialects: North and South. In the Southern Song Dynasty, "vernacular Chinese" was created on the basis of Chinese characters, but it was not widely used, and more Chinese characters were used. 1955 created Zhuang language on the basis of Latin alphabet. 1957 1 1 In June, 2006, the 63rd plenary meeting of the State Council, presided over by Premier Zhou Enlai, approved the Zhuang language program, ending the history that the Zhuang people did not have their own legal language. On the basis of concentrating their folk literature, music, dance and skills, the Zhuang people created Zhuang drama. Tonggu is the most representative folk musical instrument of Zhuang nationality. Zhuang people are called "convex", "boy" and "son+son" in the History of Song Dynasty. After liberation, it was called "communication". 19651June12nd, approved by the People's Committee of Guangxi Yi Autonomous Region, it was renamed as "Zhuang". The Zhuang people launched peasant uprisings against feudalism and oppression many times, and Jintian Village in Guiping, Guangxi was the place where the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom took place. From 1929, 12 to 1932, the Zuoyoujiang revolutionary base areas established in Guangxi contributed to the China revolution. Zhuang people are taboo to kill on the first day of the first lunar month; Young women in some areas avoid eating beef and dog meat; For the first three days (some for the first seven days), women were forbidden to let outsiders in; Women who have not yet given birth to a full moon are forbidden to visit their homes. Agriculture is the pillar of Zhuang nationality, and the famous Sanqi, Gecko and fennel oil are well-known specialties in Zhuang area. Sugarcane production ranks first in the country. Zhuang people believe in primitive religion, offering sacrifices to their ancestors, and some people believe in Catholicism and Christianity. Famous festivals include the annual "March 3rd" Song Festival. When guests arrive home, they will try their best to give them the best accommodation, especially the elderly and new guests. When eating, you must wait for the oldest old man to sit down before eating; The younger generation must not eat the dishes that the elders have not touched; When serving tea and rice to elders and guests, you must hold it in your hands, not in front of the guests or behind your elders' backs. Those who finish eating first should say "enjoy your meal" to their elders and guests before leaving; The younger generation can't eat the whole table. Old people in Lu Yu should be called "grandfather" for men and "grandmother" or old lady for women. Lu Yu guests or people with heavy burdens should take the initiative to make way. If you meet old people with heavy burdens, you should take the initiative to help them shoulder the burden and send them to the parting place. After liberation, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was established in the western half of Guangxi from 1952 to 65438+February 9, and 1956 was changed into an autonomous prefecture in the spring. 1On March 5, 958, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was established with the former Guangxi Province as the scope. 1On April, 1958, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan was established;1On September 26th, 1962, Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County in Guangdong was established. Daily Eating Habits Zhuang people in most areas are used to eating three meals during the solar eclipse, and Zhuang people in a few areas also eat four meals, that is, adding a small meal between lunch and dinner. Breakfast and Chinese food are relatively simple, usually porridge, dinner is dinner, dry rice is eaten more, and vegetables are more abundant. Rice and corn are abundant grains in Zhuang areas, which naturally become their staple food. There are many ways to cook rice, such as indica rice, japonica rice and glutinous rice. Usually used for cooking rice and porridge, and often steamed into rice noodles (similar to noodles, soups and fried foods), which are delicious. Japonica rice and glutinous rice can also be soaked into sweet wine, that is, mash (the method is the same as that of Han nationality). Rich in nutrition, often eaten in winter, can play a role in keeping out the cold and nourishing. What is glutinous rice usually used for? Bazin, Zongzi, five-color glutinous rice, etc. It is an indispensable food for Zhuang festivals. Corn is also different from organic corn and waxy corn. Machine corn is used to make porridge and sometimes fried into tortillas. Corn porridge is the most commonly eaten by Zhuang people in mountainous areas. In some places, there is also the habit of eating pumpkin porridge, which is to cook the melon first and add corn flour to cook it. After the waxy corn is ground into flour, it can be made into waxy corn cake, or it can be kneaded into egg-sized dough (which can be filled with sugar, sesame seeds, peanuts and other fillings), then cooked with water and eaten in clear soup, which is equivalent to the Lantern Festival of the Han nationality, with good color, flavor and taste. Sweet food is another feature of Zhuang nationality's diet custom. ? Sugar should be used in cakes, five-color rice, crystal buns (a kind of buns with diced fat and white sugar), and even corn porridge is often added with sugar. Daily vegetables include green vegetables, melon seedlings, melon leaves, Beijing cabbage (Chinese cabbage), Chinese cabbage, rape, mustard, lettuce, celery, spinach, kale, spinach, bitter gourd, even bean leaves, sweet potato leaves, pumpkin seedlings, pumpkin flowers and pea seedlings can also be vegetables. Boiling is the most common, as well as the habit of pickling vegetables, such as sauerkraut, sour bamboo shoots, salted radish, kohlrabi and so on. Add lard, salt and chopped green onion when cooking. Zhuang people love to eat any kind of animal meat, such as pork, beef, mutton, chickens, ducks and geese. In some areas, they also like to eat dog meat. Pork is also cooked in whole pieces, then cut into square pieces, and then put the seasoning back into the pot. Zhuang people are used to making fresh chicken, duck, fish and vegetables into 70-80% maturity, and then frying the vegetables in a hot pot before cooking, so as to keep the dishes delicious. Zhuang people also brew rice wine, sweet potato wine and cassava wine, which are not too high. Among them, yellow rice wine is the main drink for festivals and entertainments. Some yellow rice wines are called chicken gall and chicken offal wine, and chicken offal and pig liver wine. Drink the chicken offal wine and pork liver wine in one gulp, and chew the chicken offal and pork liver left in your mouth slowly, which can not only relieve the hangover, but also be eaten as a dish. Festivals, Etiquette and Dietary Customs The most solemn festival of Zhuang people is the Spring Festival, followed by the Ghost Festival on July 15, the Mid-Autumn Festival in Tomb-Sweeping Day on March 3 and August 15, as well as the Dragon Boat Festival, the Double Ninth Festival, the New Year's Taste, the Winter Solstice, the Cow Soul and the Cooking Stove. It is celebrated almost every month. During the Spring Festival, preparations are usually started after the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, that is, when the kitchen is delivered. We should clearly clean up the house, kill pigs in 27 years, keep jiaozi in 28 years, and do it in 29 years. The most distinctive dish of Baba on New Year's Eve is a whole boiled rooster, which is a must for every family. Zhuang people believe that it is not Chinese New Year without chickens. On New Year's Day, you can drink glutinous rice wine and eat glutinous rice balls (a kind of dumpling with no stuffing and sugar in the water when cooking). After the second day, you can visit relatives and friends. What foods are given to each other? Ba, zongzi, rice candy, etc. It lasted until the 15th Lantern Festival, and in some places it even ended on the 30th of the first month. According to the past custom, March 3 is the day to sweep graves. At that time, every household will send people with colorful glutinous rice and eggs to the ancestral graves to sacrifice and sweep the graves, and the elders will preach their ancestral history and family rules and have a picnic together. And folk songs are also very lively. After 1940, this tradition gradually developed into an organized song competition, and the atmosphere became more grand and warm. Other festivals also have their own dietary customs, such as eating ducks in the Central Plains, eating zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival and eating rice cakes on the Double Ninth Festival. Zongzi of Zhuang nationality is divided into Zongzi (wrapped in soaked glutinous rice) and cake Zongzi (soaked glutinous rice is ground into pulp, filtered into "cake" and then wrapped. "Cabbage", also known as "Bao Sheng Fan", is a popular holiday food in many Zhuang areas on March 3 and April 8 (Cattle Soul Festival). The method is fresh and unique, that is, a sip of rice is wrapped in the broad tender leaves of "lettuce" and chewed in the mouth. It has a unique taste. Zhuang nationality is a hospitable nation. In the past, any guest in Zhuang village was regarded as a guest in the whole village. Often several families take turns to invite them to dinner, and sometimes five or six families have a meal. No matter how distant relatives and neighbors visit, they should greet them politely and receive them warmly. Usually, we have the habit of visiting each other. For example, if a family kills pigs, we will invite everyone in the village to have dinner together. Be sure to prepare wine for the guests at the table, which will be very grand. The custom of toasting is to have a drink. Actually, a white porcelain spoon is used instead of a cup. The two ladled a spoonful from their respective wine bowls, exchanged drinks with each other and looked at each other sincerely. Weddings, funerals, building houses, and children's full moons, one-year-olds and other weddings, weddings and funerals should all be held. Generally, there are 8 dishes or 10, such as braised pork, rice flour meat, boiled white meat, pork liver, boiled chicken, roast suckling pig, tofu balls, fried sauce (processed with oily tofu), bamboo shoots and raw fish. Men and women are divided into seats, but they are generally not ranked, and they can sit at the same table regardless of seniority. And according to the rules, even a nursing baby is counted as one sitting at the table. A dish is kept by parents, wrapped in clean broad leaves and taken home, which means no discrimination. Every time a dish is served, the host of a table will pick up the best dish and send it to the guest's dish, and then others can eat it. Most funeral banquets of Zhuang people are vegetarian dishes, and meat can only be eaten after the funeral. In the past, Zhuang people believed in polytheism, worshiped nature and believed that everything was animistic. If there is a towering tree in the village, it is often regarded as the patron saint of the whole village and worshipped. Anyone who is seriously ill must burn incense and paper under the tree and pray for blessing. There is a cliff dragon cave behind the village, which is also considered as the holy land of apparition or the habitat of ghosts and gods. It is often used to burn incense and sacrifice ghosts to eliminate disasters. More is to sacrifice to the land god. Almost every village in Zhuang area has set up a land temple at the foot of the mountain not far from the village. Whenever you kill pigs on holidays or at ordinary times, you should take the whole boiled pig head with you. If it is a roast pig, they will carry the whole pig to worship. Sacrifice to the family god every festival, and offerings such as wine, meat and whole chicken can only be eaten after the sacrifice. The biggest festival in a year is the Mid-Autumn Festival on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, every household will kill chickens and ducks, steam five-color glutinous rice and offer sacrifices to ancestors and ghosts in order to avoid disaster. Cattle Soul Festival is usually held on the second day after spring ploughing, and in some places it is held on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month. On this day, each family brought a basket of colorful glutinous rice and a bunch of fresh grass to the cowshed to sacrifice the soul of the cow, and then gave half of the food and fresh grass to the cow. In the past, the Zhuang people in southwest Guangxi wanted to kill chickens and geese on the first first frost Festival. Why? Ba steamed glutinous rice and gathered in the temple for sacrifice. According to legend, the first frost festival is a festival to commemorate the heroes who fought against foreign aggression, which has a history of more than 360 years. There are many famous dishes and snacks in the typical food Zhuang nationality, such as: dried Yunnan horn, which is a special food of the Zhuang nationality in Wenshan, Yunnan Province. It is made of glutinous rice and shredded bacon, so it is named because of its strong shape; Ordering raw fish used to be a dish for Zhuang people to celebrate holidays or entertain guests; Roast suckling pig, a famous dish of Zhuang nationality, roasted with piglets; Ordering five-color glutinous rice, also known as flower glutinous rice and colorful glutinous rice, is steamed with high-quality glutinous rice and various plant pigments or food pigments. It is a traditional seasonal food of Zhuang nationality (Yao nationality) with a history of hundreds of years. Every holiday, friends and relatives should give each other five-color glutinous rice to show warm respect and wish good luck and happiness.
The finished product has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, invigorating stomach and strengthening body; Zhuang Zong in Yunnan, Ningming and Mingming is a traditional food specially made by Zhuang people during the Spring Festival. It is a big zongzi cake cooked with glutinous rice and pork. Zongzi cakes in Ningming, Guangxi are the most distinctive, hence the name. Zhuang people who live in Yuexiwei and Hurun, Xijing, Guangxi, also have the habit of eating this kind of big zongzi cake every Spring Festival, which is called "Feng Mo Fan" locally. According to legend, the habit of eating rice without wind began in the Northern Song Dynasty and was often made a few days before the Spring Festival. Well-made Ningmingzhuang Zongzi is used to worship ancestors on the first day of the Lunar New Year. Light the champion firewood and bind it with leeks, such as stewed duck. Boiled dog meat, a famous dish of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi, is cooked with dog meat and mixed with seasoning. When friends get together, sometimes they just guess boxing and drink with this dish, so they have a nickname: "one-legged dish" (Zhuang people have the habit of eating dog meat); Dianzhuang crispy chicken is a traditional dish of Zhuang nationality in central Guangxi, which is made of chicken as the main raw material and fried. It is a regular dish of the Zhuang nationality on holidays, with a history of 100 years. Braised broken face dog is a traditional dish of Zhuang nationality in Yunnan, which is made by stewing broken face dog meat in a casserole. Broken face dog: also known as fence gray face, the whole body hair is composed of black and white, and the black and white lines on the head are prominent, so it is named broken face dog, which belongs to small and medium-sized beasts in the mountains. Yunnan Dragon Pump Sanjia, a traditional famous dish of Zhuang nationality in northwest Guangxi, is called "Zhu Long Pump", which is a food made by boiling pig blood from the small intestine of Zhuang nationality. A cold pot dish is made of pork liver and pork vermicelli, and it is smoked with pork dragon. When eating, each piece is sandwiched between three pieces and eaten together, hence the name. With a history of more than 300 years, it is a pressing dish for local festive banquets. In addition, there is tofu dish, which is a popular dish of Zhuang people in Hechi, Guangxi. Old Maonan cuisine.
Reference:. qid=700702 1503635
Zhuang Information: Zhuang (formerly Bo) is the most populous minority in China, mainly distributed in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong and Guizhou provinces. 1949 After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), it was collectively called "Tong" (Tong and Zhuang are homonyms) until 1965 when Zhou Enlai proposed to change Tong to Zhuang. Language: Zhuang language is one of the main languages in China, with a population of more than 20 million (including Buyi and Dainong). Text:/kloc-More than 0/000 years ago, the Zhuang people created a historical figure in Sandipu, Wei Changhui, with the radicals, pronunciations and semantics of Chinese characters.
Da-Kai Shi
Nong Gaozhi
Xiao chaogui
Wei Baqun
Huang xianfan
Tan Hua glutinous rice meaning: clothing: Zhuang nationality's characteristic fabric is Zhuang brocade. Traditional Zhuang costumes are still black and blue, men's double-breasted and women's double-breasted. Zhuang nationality is greatly influenced by Han nationality. Young people wear Hanfu, women wear printed towels on their heads, and less and less homemade homespun. Housing: The buildings are all made of wood. Generally speaking, they start from the ground floor, with a roof truss (called two columns by some experts), sloping mansions at both ends, and tiles or fir bark on the top. There are three rooms and five rooms. People live upstairs, livestock and poultry are raised on the ground floor, and farm tools, spring rafts and mills are set up. Marriage: Hope to be together forever Festival: National Day.