Introduce Chaoshan temples and customs.

Hipsters worship God, mainly in temples.

But strangely, Chaoshan people who come to the temple to offer incense are generally called "worshipping the Lord" instead of "worshipping God".

There is a difference between worshipping a teacher and worshipping God. Only at the end of the lunar calendar is it called "worshipping God" or "thanking God".

Investigate its origin, but also from the ancient books.

Chaoshan people have believed in many gods since ancient times, and every village has temples, especially the larger villages and towns in the plain.

Most of the gods enshrined in the temple are carved out of wood. The big one is bigger than the human body. Colour it gold. Small ones are only one or two feet or even a few inches high, and there are paintings on their faces, hands and clothes.

Temples and customs are collectively called "old-fashioned uterus".

There are halls, halls and patios, and there are "Dragon and Tiger" wall carvings on both sides of the patio. There are also various patterns such as dragons and phoenixes or carp, figures and plays carved or inlaid with porcelain in eaves and temples.

The small temple is only the width of the hut, and there is a shrine for the table inside.

There is also a smaller one, only a small model palace, with little gods inside and people praying outside.

The deities that hipsters believe in are fairy tales, historical figures, common gods in other places and local gods. Generally, the temple gods are: Tian Xuan God, Virgin Mary (also known as Mazu), Empress Dowager Cixi, Empress Zhu Sheng, Emperor Baosheng, God, Seven Saints, Sanyi Emperor (namely Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei) and Huahuamu.

All walks of life also have the names of various gods and set up small shrines to worship them.

After liberation, superstitions were destroyed, and temples were burned down and used for other purposes or demolished.

In recent ten years, some ancient temples have been protected as cultural relics and rebuilt into local attractions.

There are more than 100 kinds of gods worshipped by Chaoshan folk, but the land god is the most popular.

Regardless of the size of the village, there must be a land temple; To build a tomb, a small monument of "Land God" (or "Bless God") must be erected at the edge of the tomb.

This kind of land god originated from the ancient gods of Tian She and country.

In Chaoshan rural areas, the "king of three mountains" is also regarded as the greatest blessing god.

In the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Changshi said in "The King of the Three Mountains in Hanjiang Lu Wenjian": "The king of the three mountains is also blessed by being wet." This is the unique and most admired local protector on tidal land; Folk commonly known as "landlords."

Whenever someone dies in the village, descendants or family members should report to the temple in the field, which is called "reporting the field".

Urban residents also generally worship the land god.

Stick a piece of red paper on the inconspicuous corner of the wall, which says "the god of the landlord" or even a god card.

On the first and fifteenth days of the lunar calendar or major folk festivals, people will burn incense and offer sacrifices.

The so-called master originally refers to the old officials.

Wang Yingkui's "Liu Nan Essay" was published on the fifth day: "In the former Ming Dynasty, the gentry only called Jiuqing the master, the word forest the master, the foreign ministers the master, the rest the master, and the villagers the old man." In the Qing dynasty, the four-grade crystal official was called an adult above, and the five-grade crystal official was called a master below.

In the old society, the gentry was also called the master, and the servant called the master the master.

The temples in Chaoshan, commonly known as Laoye Palace, are actually some historical or legendary officials and celebrities who are beneficial to the people.

The Lord mentioned here is actually a person who has a position in the hearts of the people.

However, due to thousands of years of folk worship and deification, as well as the noise and use of rulers in previous dynasties, the worship of lords and their palaces has been shrouded in a mysterious veil.

In today's highly developed science and technology, it is necessary to investigate and study it, unveil the veil and restore its historical true colors.

First, Sanshanwang Temple.

Worship the three mountain gods of towel, light and independence.

The earliest Sanshanwang Temple is Lin Tianzu Temple in Hepo Town, Jiexi County.

In addition, there are Sanshanwang Temple in Chaoshan County, China Taiwan Province Province and Southeast Asian countries.

Second, the land temple.

Commonly known as the land temple, commonly known as the Ford temple, offering sacrifices to the land god.

In folklore, the land god is the god who manages the land, that is, the country god.

Third, Yuxian Temple.

Sacrifice the rain god.

According to legend, Sun Daozhe, a prodigy in the Song Dynasty, was honored as the Rain God.

There are Yuxian temples in Jiedong, Chaoan, Chaoyang and Raoping counties.

Especially, the "Fengyu Xianci" in Luo Yu Town, Jiedong County, Jieyang City is famous for its connection with the patriotic poet Xie Ao of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Xie Ao (1249- 1295), whose real name is Gao Yu, is the Duke of Geng Le.

He was not only a great patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, but also a national hero who rebelled against the Yuan Dynasty.

At the same time, he is also the ancestor of more than 200,000 Xie residents in Jieyang city and even in eastern Guangdong.

Xie Ao's ancestral home is in Changxi, Fujian. His grandfather Xie Bangyan was a famous poet in Song Dynasty, and his father Xie Yao wrote Chunqiu and Zuo's Dialectics, which were handed down from generation to generation.

In the second year of Song Duzong Xianchun (1266), Xie Ao moved to Lin 'an with his father. /kloc-when he was 0/7 years old, he was able to write poems and essays and had a good reputation.

In June of the 10th year of Song Duzong Xianchun (1274), Yuan Shizu wrote a letter to crusade against the Song Dynasty.

In July of the first year of Song Jingyan (1276), Wen Tianxiang opened a yamen in Nanjian House (now Nanping City, Fujian Province), calling on all parties to arise and protect the Song Dynasty.

Inspired by patriotic indignation, Xie Ao went to the national disaster and led Xiang Yong to Wen Tianxiang, where he was appointed as a "consultant to join the army". Xie Ao was 27 years old at that time.

In the second year of Jingyan (1277), Xie Ao accompanied Wen Tianxiang to escort Min to the south, entered Zhangzhou and attacked Chaoyang.

At that time, Wu Shi, the wife of Xie Ao who came with the army, was pregnant, and soon gave birth to a son on the boat in Houjiang, Chaoyang, named Huai Hu, and the word drunk fairy.

Later, in the battles in Jieyang and Haifeng, Wen Tianxiang fell into the enemy's hands. Xie Ao took off tactfully, sneaked back to Chaoyang to find his wife and children, and lived in Baitu Village in seclusion, and secretly organized and organized anti-Yuan.

Xie Ao chose February 16 of the lunar calendar, which is Song Taizu's birthday, to hold the "Long Spring Festival" in order to make Chaoshan villagers forget the Song State and arouse their anti-meta-sentiment.

In order to make the Yuan army suspicious, he casually called to commemorate the "Wind and Rain Sage".

Now, the "Temple of the Sage of Wind and Rain" in Dajiao Village, Yujiao Town, Jiedong County is the sustenance and embodiment of the national spirit and national integrity advocated by Xie Ao.

In 1990s, in order to commemorate Xie Ao, a patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Xie Ao Research Working Group of Jieyang decided to build the "Xie Ao Memorial Hall".

1995165438+1On October 7th, a groundbreaking ceremony was held during the memorial service of Xie Ao, a patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty hosted by Jieyang people. More than 600 people from Chinese mainland, Hongkong, Singapore, Thailand and other countries and regions attended.

The first phase of Xie Ao Memorial Hall, located on the Jize Lake in Huang Qishan, Dongshan District, Jieyang City, was completed and unveiled on April 8, 20001year.

Fourth, Tianhou Palace.

The virgin after the sacrifice to heaven is the legendary goddess of protecting navigation safety-Lin Mo Niang.

Song was born in a fishing village in Meizhou Bay, Putian, Fujian on March 23rd, the first year of the lunar calendar (960).

His father is one of the big families in Fujian, and his mother is Wang.

Legend has it that when Lin Moniang was born, the roof was covered with auspicious clouds and she was intelligent by nature. At the age of eight, she studied and read aloud.

When I grow up, I can understand astronomy, learn to swim and save many shipwrecks.

In 987, in the fourth year of Song Taizong's reign, on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, he was immortal at the peak of Meizhou Island at the age of 27.

Since then, people have said that Lin Mo Niang wore ancient costumes and flew to the sea to help those who were killed at sea, so she was honored as the goddess of the sea.

Notre Dame has spread all over the southeast coast of China, Taiwan Province Province, Hongkong and Macau.

All counties and cities in Chaoshan have Tianhou Palace, and the famous ones are: Xinma Palace in Mayu, Tianhou Palace in Zhang Lin, etc.

5. Chinese temple.

Sacrifice to Han Yu (? 68 ~ 824).

Han Yu, the word Tuizhi, was named Changli, a writer in the Tang Dynasty.

In January of the 14th year of Yuanhe in Tang Xianzong (8 19), Tang Xianzong demoted him to be a history of tide thorn for remonstrating Buddha bones.

He went to Chao in August, and made outstanding achievements. He was honored as "Wen Gong" by Chao people.

In memory of him, Shuangqi in Chaozhou was renamed Hanshan, and the evil stream flowing through Chaozhou was renamed Hanjiang. According to legend, the oak tree planted by Han Yu is called Han Mu.

Chaozhou has Changli Road, Jieyang has Hanci Road, and there are memorial buildings such as Jinghan Pavilion, Guanhan Building, Yanghan Pavilion and Changlifang.

In addition, there are two existing Korean temples in Chaoshan, one is Chaozhou Hanwen Temple, and the other is Chaoyang Lingshan Temple.

There is also a Chinese subject in Neipu Township, Taiwan Province Province.

Sixth, Yanhou Temple.

Yan Ying, doctor of Qi.

The temple is located in Chengyanggang Village, Xia Lian Town, Chenghai City.

It was built in the third year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1607).

After many repairs.

The present temple gate was built in the 14th year of the Republic of China (1925).

The threshold was written by Cai Naiqiu, a scholar in the village.

What is particularly precious is that there is a memorial archway in the temple, which was built during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, and it was written as "the mainstay of the mainstream", which is a relic of Tongzhi for three years.

The Yanhou Temple in Chengyanggang is the only one that can be seen in Chaoshan at present, and it is also very rare inside and outside the province.

There is no evidence to test whether Gong Yan Temple in Shedong, Shantou City is also a place to worship Yan Ying.

Seven, Fengling Palace.

The temple is located in Fengling, Chengyanggang, Xia Lian Town, Chenghai City. It is dedicated to Zhao Tuo, King of Southern Guangdong, and also to Sun Simiao, King of Medicine in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and Huang, King of Wu.

Chenghai local chronicles say that Fengling Palace covers an area of about six acres.

Now there are only remnants of the palace.

This is also the Nanyue King Temple in Chaoshan.

Eight, the holy king's palace.

Sacrifice to Chen Yuanguang.

Chen Yuanguang (675 ~ 7 1 1 year) was born in Gushi, Gwangju, Henan.

Smart since childhood, 13 years old, learned a lot of classics, liked the art of war, and was all-rounder. He is a superstar in Tang Gaozong.

He is the author of Ji Guang Ji, Yu Zhong Ji and Long Hu Ji, and only Long Hu Ji has been circulated in the world.

In the second year of Tang Yifeng (677), Chen Yuanguang, who was only 2 1 year-old, took over his father's position together with General Angelababy, and was responsible for putting down the "pretty chaos" in Quanzhou and Chaozhou.

After more than a hundred battles, tens of thousands of prisoners were captured and the mountain surface was flat.

Since then, there has been no war in Chaoquan for more than 20 years, the people have converged, the culture has gradually opened up, sailing boats are like clouds, and fish and salt have become rich.

In 686, in the second year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Chen Yuanguang was appointed as the first secretariat of Zhangzhou. He took a series of measures to protect the environment and people, develop the economy, promote education and select talents, and made great contributions to the rise of Zhangzhou and promoted the economic development of Chaozhou.

Jing Yun two years (? 1 1 year), Chen Yuanguang died in a battle to quell the uprising in Chaozhou, was named "General of Baotaowei Town" and ordered to build a temple.

In the 13th year of Shaoxing in Song Dynasty (1 143), it was forcibly named as the "Holy King of Zhang Kai".

In memory of him, people in Juck Zhang have built temples and shrines.

Wang Sheng temples are mainly concentrated in Zhangzhou, Chaozhou and Taiwan Province.

Chaoshan area mainly includes "Shengwang Temple" in Raoping and "Shengwang Temple" in South Australia.

Nine, the Song Emperor Temple.

Sacrifice to the two emperors in the late Song Dynasty.

Song Di Temple, located in Jiazi Town, Lu Fengxian, is also known as the Food Pavilion.

The temple is very simple, with a curtain and a statue of the emperor inside.

Folklore is very clever in seeking happiness and eliminating disasters.

According to legend, on the eve of Min's flight to Chaoshan and entering Lufeng by boat, Fan's barking at night was a harbinger of the arrival of distinguished guests. Therefore, when the emperor protected the port and landed, Fan, Li and Wu scrambled to eat. When they learned that the new comer was actually Song Di, they all knelt down and asked for presents.

At that time, the situation of Emperor Song was difficult to open.

Fan Yaoshan, Li Yaohai and Wu Yaosha Dam all nodded.

Today, there are still sayings of "Dan Fan, Lihai and Wushaba" in the local area.

Ten, Dazhong Temple.

Sacrifice to the national hero Wen Tianxiang (1236 ~ 1283).

Courtiers, great writers and great poets in the Southern Song Dynasty.

The temples dedicated to Wen Tianxiang are Dazhong Temple in Chaoyang Dongshan and Zhongxian Temple in Haimen Lotus Peak.

XI。 Lu Xiufu ancestral temple.

Lu Xiufu, Prime Minister of Southern Song Dynasty (1236 ~ 1279).

Temples include the land in Hanshan, Chaozhou Prefecture, and the "Luzhang Temple" on the left side of the Town God Temple in Nan 'ao County.

Twelve, marshal Chen temple.

Sacrificial Chen hung his eyes.

Chen, a native of Zhangzhou, Fujian, is the leader of the people's uprising of Han and She nationalities.

In front of Changbin Village at the southern foot of Sibailing Mountain in Xinwei Town, Raoping County, there is Marshal Chen Temple.

Chengyanggang Village, Xia Lian Town, Chenghai City has the site of Chen Diaowang Village and an ancestral temple.

Thirteen, Longweiye Temple.

He is Ye Yun, the fairy mother of lice.

He was a man in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, helping Chen Youliang to compete with Zhu Yuanzhang.

In the 23rd year of Yuan Dynasty (1363), Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang fought fiercely in Poyang Lake (now Jiangxi) and were killed by an arrow in Jiujiang.

After his failure, he was disheartened in Ye Yun. He walked from Jiangxi to Chaoyang County, and often saw doctors, geomantic omen and divination, which was quite influential among the people.

After his death, people built a temple in memory of him.

There are more than 20 temples dedicated to He in Chaoshan, mainly including He Xianling in Guiyu, Chaoyang, Hu Xianfu Tiangong, Wang Gong Temple in Huangshan, Jiexi, and Qishan Ancient Temple in Shantou.

14. Sambo Temple.

Sacrifice to the navigator Zheng He (137 1 ~ 1435).

The temple is located outside the east gate of Shen 'ao Ancient City in Nan 'ao County.

Zheng He was a eunuch in the Ming Dynasty, whose original name was Wen He, * * * and fine print, so he was called Gong.

15. Zhou Wang Ergong Temple.

Zhou Youde, Governor of Guangdong Province.

During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing court forced the residents in the southeast coast of the motherland to move inward in order to cut off the grain and grass support of Zhengjing troops in Taiwan Province Province, and the people were displaced.

Zhou and Wang Ergong have done a lot of work for coastal residents to return to their hometowns and restore people's livelihood, and they are deeply supported by coastal people.

People along the coast of Huilai County built more than 20 temples to commemorate Duke Zhou and King Wang.

The most influential one is the Governor's Office by the Longxi River in longjiang town.

Sixteen, stork nest ancient temple.

Sacrifice to Chen Yaozuo (963 ~ 1044).

Chen was the prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the second year of Song Xianping (999), he was transferred to Chaozhou for two years.

In the spring tide, he built Confucius Temple and Han Guan Temple, and led outstanding politicians to school.

When crocodiles were raging, Zhang's son ate them. Yao Zuo ordered officials to catch them, dragged them out with hundreds of soldiers, cooked them in various cities and made them "slaughter crocodiles".

In order to commemorate Chen Yaozuo, the hipsters specially built a temple to commemorate him.

The existing memorial temples include the stork nest ancient temple, which is large in scale.

Seventeen, saddle temple.

Feng, the magistrate of Fengjie Yang County, died in Maanshan, the capital.

Ma 'an was killed in the line of duty for catching robbers.

Feng ordered a temple to be built on Ma 'anshan in Jieyang County where he died.

18. General Temple.

Sacrifice an unknown general.

The General Temple in Odin Village is dedicated to General Tang Erjing, and I don't know his real name.

According to legend, in ancient times, the general drowned in the coastal area of Shantou Port.

At present, there are many general temples in Shantou.

Nineteen, Guandi Temple.

Sacrifice Guan Yu (? ~ 2 19).

Guan Yu, the word Yunchang, was a general of Shu and Han in the Three Kingdoms period and was famous for his loyalty, righteousness, courage and faithfulness.

Guandi Temple in Chaoshan is spread all over the country, with names such as Wu Temple and Wudi Temple.

Now ordinary businessmen and shops offer sacrifices to Guan Gong.

Twenty, Confucius Temple.

Sacrifice Confucius.

Confucius Temple is also called Confucius Temple and Gong Xue.

The famous Chaoshan includes Jieyang Gong Xue, Chaozhou Gong Xue and Puning Confucius Temple.

In the past, students had to worship Confucius when studying, and schools had to set up Confucius Holy Spirit Seats.

Twenty-one, the city god temple.

Sacrifice to the city god.

The city god is regarded as the patron saint of the ancient town.

Where there are counties, there are cities and God temples, but there are nine counties and ten cities in Chaoshan.

In the old days, in addition to the Town God Temple in Jieyang County, there was also a Town God Temple in Mianhu Town.

The hipsters regard the Lord as the incarnation of a good official to protect the city, protect the country and love the people, and are the just judges of the underworld.

Jieyang City God Temple is the best in Chaoshan.

22. Shuangzhong Temple.

Sacrifice to General Zhang Xun and General Xu Yuaner.

General Zhang and Xu Er spent two years in Tang Zhide (? In 57 AD, a brave general died to quell the Anshi Rebellion.

Chaoshan Shuangzhong Temple, also known as Ancestral Temple, Shuangzhong Walking Temple and Shuangzhong Copper Roller Temple, etc.

Twenty-three, Zhenjun Temple.

Wu Meng and Xu Xun, famous doctors in Jin Dynasty, and Wuqi, famous doctor in Northern Song Dynasty.

Wu Meng, a native of Wu in the Three Kingdoms, was born in An, Yuxian County, Jiangxi Province.

He was a famous dutiful son since he was a child. Later, he asked for advice everywhere. He has profound Taoism and superb medical skills. He was able to bring the dead back to life, kill the people and win their love.

Xu Xun, a disciple of Wu Meng, was born in the second year of Wu Chiwu in the Three Kingdoms (239).

According to legend, his mother Dreambird gave birth to Xu Xun after swallowing beads.

I'm not full-term. I'm smart. I read from memory and taught myself.

Later, Teacher Wu Meng and Wang Shuo's fairy mother were both eligible for the list.

Such temples in Chaoshan are also known as the ancient temple of alchemy, Ji Ling Palace, Gantiangong, Ling Ying Temple and Tzu Chi Temple.

Twenty-four, Tian Xuan Temple.

Sacrifice to god.

Astronomers in ancient China called the 28 constellations in the sky "Twenty-eight Nights", which were divided into four groups: Oriental Dragon, Western White Tiger, Southern Suzaku and Northern Xuanwu, all of which were the protectors of Taoism.

Later, Xuanwu was said to be the commander-in-chief guarding the north under the orders of the Jade Emperor and was named a god.

In Chaoshan area, these temples are called Xuan Di Ancient Temple, Zhenwu Temple, Beidi Temple, Yuanshan Ancient Temple, Zhen Xuan Temple, Yongchang Ancient Temple, Zhenwu Temple and Xiazhi Ancient Temple.

Twenty-five, Boye Gong Temple.

Sacrifice uncle, also known as uncle.

Boyi was a great hero in Dayu period of Xia Dynasty, and Dayu helped him to control water.

According to Chaoshan people, Boyi presided over the mountain splitting road and subdued the tiger.

Therefore, there is a saying that "tigers dare not eat people without nodding."

In the whole Chaoshan area, there are many Bogong temples, such as Boye Temple and Lingwei Ancient Temple.

In addition, there is a narcissus temple dedicated to Dayu in Chaoshan.

But somehow, there are more Boye temples in Chaoshan than Narcissus temples, and more people sacrifice Boyi than Dayu.

This special social and cultural phenomenon is worth studying.

Twenty-six, Dongyue Temple.

Sacrifice to the God of Dongyue Mountain.

Dongyue is the title of Jade Emperor Top, the main peak of Tailu, hence the name "Dongyue Tianqi Rensheng Emperor".

The world believes that Emperor Dongyue "was in charge of human life and death, and the Lord called people's souls to make up for their shortcomings." Chaoshan Dongyue Temple has Chaoyang and Raoping.

27. Song Taizu Temple.

Dedicated to Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin.

The temple is located in Houpu, Sanrao Hekou Township, Raoping County.

Twenty-eight, Shennong Temple.

Sacrifice to Shennong, the legendary inventor of agriculture and medicine.

Shennong Temple in Chaoshan is also called Xiannongtan.

Twenty-nine, Wenchang Hall.

Also known as Wenchang Pavilion.

Sacrifice to the god who dominates fame and status.

Chenghai Shenshan, Hongyang Town of Puning County, and Wenchang Temple and Wenchang Pavilion in Huilai County.

Wang Sheng Temple in Mukeng.

Sacrificial meson push.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, meson pushed his loyal monarch, Zhong Er, and there was a legend of "cutting stocks to kill the monarch".

The ancient temples such as Mukeng, Jinshazhong, Nanlou and Gong Jie in Chaoshan area all belong to this category.

Thirty-one, Lv Zu Temple.

Also known as Shixian Palace Temple.

Sacrifice to Lv Dongbin, one of the legendary Eight Immortals.

Lu? Real name Joan, real name, also known as Yan and Dong Bin after becoming a monk.

As the saying goes, "It's not good for a dog to bite Lv Dongbin." Lv Dongbin has become an immortal name in the world.

In addition, there is the Longsha Ancient Temple in Chaoshan, which is dedicated to the kidnappers of Lv Dongbin and Li Tie, and the Ye Xian Temple, which is dedicated to the kidnapper of Li Tie.

Thirty-two, ancestral temple.

Sacrifice to ancestor Cang Xie.

Located in centipede ridge, Jinhe Town, Jiexi County.

Wang Sheng Temple in the South China Sea.

Sacrifice to the sea god.

Because Chaoshan is close to the sea, there was no weather forecasting equipment in ancient times, so we had to rely on the gods and pray for the blessing of Poseidon, which belonged to nature worship.

Wang Sheng Temple and Longwang Temple along the Chaoshan coast all belong to this category.

Thirty-four, the temple of thunder.

Sacrificing Thor belongs to the worship of natural phenomena of lightning.

In addition, there are Tiangong Temple and so on.