"Which Country is Siberia" reveals that Xu Da, the first hero of the Ming Dynasty, went from cowherd to right-hand man.

Introduction: In the second year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang built a hero shrine and personally determined the hero level. Xu Da was the first, followed by Chang Yuchun, Deng Yu, Tang He, Mu Ying, Hu Dahai, Feng and others. Xu Da was the first person to become the founding father of the Ming Dynasty, not only because he was the hometown of Zhu Yuanzhang, but also a good partner of his youth. More importantly, he made great contributions to Zhu Yuanzhang's establishment of the Ming Dynasty.

From Cowherd to Zhu Yuanzhang's Right-hand Man

Xu Da, the founding father of the Ming Dynasty, was born in Yongfeng Town. Xu Da was born into a poor family when he was a child. He and Zhu Yuanzhang herded cattle together and were very close since childhood.

In the summer of 13th year, Zhu Yuanzhang returned to his hometown for the draft. Xu Da responded positively, joined the army and became the leader of Zhu Yuanzhang.

At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang belonged to the peasant uprising army led by Guo Zixing, while Guo Zixing was narrow-minded, insatiable and indecisive. Zhu Yuanzhang knew that Guo Zixing could not achieve great things, so he wanted to give full play to the role of the city, open up new fields and develop his own power.

This year, Xu Da and Zhu Yuanzhang successively conquered many places, and Zhu Yuanzhang's army was huge. In the 15th year of Zheng Zhi, Xu Da rose to Zhen Fu for attacking Hezhou. In June of the same year 1, Zhu Yuanzhang, Xu Da, Tanghe, Li Shanchang, Feng, etc. Led 30,000 troops, crossed the river by boat, killed to the south bank, and conquered Taiping City in one fell swoop. To step down, Xu Da and Deng Yu each led a good soldier to ambush in the south of the city. They suddenly attacked from behind, and Yuan's army fled. Then, Xu Da led thousands of people out of Taiping City, occupied Liyang and Lishui and surrounded Qing Ji from the south. In March 356, Zhu Yuanzhang occupied Qing Ji and renamed it Yingtianfu. He decided to take this as the center, build a base area, and then make a distant map.

Zhenjiang, east of Yingtian, is still in Yuan's hands, which poses a great threat to Yingtian. Zhu Yuanzhang appointed Xu Da as general and sent troops to attack Zhenjiang. Xu Da lived up to his mission and won Zhenjiang in one fell swoop. Then divide troops and plunder Jintan, Danyang and other counties. Zhu Yuanzhang appointed him as the marshal of the whole army and stationed in Zhenjiang. In April of the same year, Xu Da, Chang Yuchun and other generals invaded Ningguo under the personal command of Zhu Yuanzhang. In July, Xu Da sent general Zhao Desheng to attack Changshu and captured Zhang Shicheng's younger brother Zhang Shide alive.

In 65438+358 10, Xu Da and Shao Yong jointly captured Yixing. In this way, Zhu Yuanzhang successively captured many cities in Yingtian area, blocked the east-west roads in Zhang Shicheng, and adopted the strategy of keeping Xu Shouhui in the west.

In May 360, Xu Shouhui was killed by his subordinate Chen Youliang. Chen Youliang, who claimed to be the emperor, occupied a large area of land in Jiangxi and Huguang, and was the most powerful among the uprising ministries. Meet Chen Youliang and Zhang Shicheng, attack Zhu Yuanzhang from east to west, and advance into Yingtian. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered his generals to ambush in various dangerous areas inside and outside Yingcheng to lure Chen Youliang into the ambush circle. As a result, Chen Youliang was defeated and fled to Jiangzhou.

In July 363, Zhu Yuanzhang led an army to Poyang Lake and fought a decisive battle with Chen Youliang. On the first day of the war, Xu Da took the lead, defeated the enemy's vanguard troops, killed more than 1500 people and seized a large ship. The battle of Poyang Lake lasted for more than a month. Zhu Yuanzhang finally defeated the enemy with artillery fire, and Chen Youliang was shot to death with an arrow.

In the month of 65438+364 10, Zhu Yuanzhang established King Wu in Yingtian, set up officials, and set up the province of Zhongshu, with Li Shanchang as the right, Xu Da as the left, and Chang Yuchun and Yu Tonghai as the official positions.

Zhu Yuanzhang has had three right-hand men since he joined the army. The first one is Xu Da.

A bloody battle swept Pingjiang Jianghuai.

After Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed Chen Youliang, his strength increased greatly, and his next goal was to destroy Wu Dong and Zhang Shicheng.

The territory of Zhang Shicheng is divided in two by the Yangtze River. The defense in Jiangnan and western Zhejiang is relatively strong, and the defense north of Huaihe River is relatively weak. Zhu Yuanzhan

Xu Da soon occupied Taizhou, and then divided his forces to attack Xinghua and Gaoyou. Zhu Yuanzhang worried that Xu Da was alone, and ordered him to return to Taizhou to occupy Huai 'an, Haozhou and Sizhou first. At this time, in order to contain Zhu Yuanzhang's army in Jiangbei, Zhang Shicheng sent troops to attack Yixing in Jiangnan. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Xu Da to fight back by crossing the river, repelling Zhang Shicheng's attack and capturing more than 3,000 people. So Xu Da returned to Jiangbei, attacked Gaoyou, and soon conquered Gaoyou.

In April 366, Xu went to Huai 'an and attacked Zhang Shicheng Shuizhai at night. Xu Yi escaped by boat. Xu Da sent troops to besiege Huai 'an, and the garrison commander Mei Sizhu and others surrendered in Kaesong, giving up the four states under their jurisdiction. Subsequently, Xu Da invaded Xinghua, and Huaidong became Zhu Yuanzhang's territory.

Zhu Yuanzhang attacked Jiangnan in two steps. The first is to seize Huzhou and Hangzhou and cut off their wings; The second step is to surround Pingjiang from the north, west and south. In July, Xu Da was the general and Chang Yuchun was the deputy general, commanding 200,000 troops. He set out from Taihu Lake and arrived in Huzhou, and at the same time divided his troops to attack Hangzhou and Jiaxing.

Seeing the Huzhou crisis, Zhang Shicheng, we sent reinforcements. Seeing that the reinforcements were defeated, he simply sent someone to save himself, but Xu Da was defeated in Zaolin. In September, Zhang Shicheng sent another canoe to reinforce Xu Zhijian, but it also failed. 165438+ 10, and successively conquered Huzhou, Hangzhou and Jiaxing.

After Zhu Yuanzhang achieved the first strategic goal, he began to implement the second strategy, that is, to capture Pingjiang. Xu Da marched into Pingjiang with a great army and surrounded Pingjiang. There are no reinforcements inside and outside Zhang Shicheng, and food and grass are scarce. Several breakthroughs failed. Zhu Yuanzhang sent people to surrender several times, but Zhang Shicheng refused to surrender and defended the city.

In February 367, due to Zhu Yuanzhang's long-term siege of Pingjiang, Xu Da sent someone to ask him for instructions. Zhu Yuanzhang personally wrote a letter: "In the future, everything in the army will be decided by the general himself." The two sides fought until September, and Pingjiang had no food, so they had to eat grass and rats. Xu Da ordered the army to attack the city violently, and Zhang Shicheng collapsed. Xu Dajun invaded the city, and Zhang Shicheng attempted suicide and was escorted for several days. Later, Zhang Shicheng hanged himself on the sentry post.

After Pingjiang burst, Xu Da issued a military order: "Those who rob people's wealth die, those who demolish houses die, and those who leave the village 20 miles away die." He ordered his troops to be stationed separately to stabilize the people's hearts. Later, Xu Da led the people back to Yingtianfu, and Zhu Yuanzhang personally greeted them at Jishuimen. Xu Dajin was named lord protector as a reward for soldiers.

Conquer Megatron's border jam

After Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed Zhang Shicheng, he decided to explore the Yuan Dynasty in the north. 10,367, Zhu Yuanzhang appointed Xu Da as the general and Chang Yuchun as the deputy general, and led 250,000 troops to attack the Central Plains.

Xu Da led a great army to the Northern Expedition, starting from Huai 'an and entering Shandong first. Where the Northern Expeditionary Army passed, Zhang Bu's proposition of "expelling Land Rover and restoring China" won. Many counties surrendered, and the Northern Expedition Army went smoothly. In November, Xu Da led the army to conquer Yizhou, and according to Zhu Yuanzhang's instructions, he ordered Han Zheng to keep the Yellow River Natural Barrier, Zhang Xingzu attacked Dongping and Jining, and led the army to conquer Yidu. In December, the army arrived in Jinan, guarding city Yuan surrendered to Kaesong. Xu Dafu returned to Yidu and attacked Dengzhou and Laizhou. Three months after the Northern Expedition, Shandong was basically pacified.

On the fourth day of the first month in 368, Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne in Yingtian, and changed the country name to Ming and the year name to Hongwu. When a new dynasty is established, it is natural to cultivate heroes and establish officials. Zhu Yuanzhang's left and right prime ministers were Li Shanchang and Xu Da respectively. Zhu Yuanzhang made Zhu Biao, the eldest son, the Prince, Li Shanchang the Prince and Xu Da the Prince of Shaofu.

Zhu Yuanzhang and Xu Da

In February this year, the Northern Expeditionary Army marched westward along the Yellow River to Henan, and successively conquered Yongcheng, Guide and Xuzhou, equivalent to Chen Qiao. The defenders of the capital of song dynasty surrendered, and Xu Da led the troops to Henan. In April, after fierce fighting, the Yuan army abandoned the city and fled, and Henan was conquered. Xu Da continued westward, conquered Shanzhou and reached Tongguan. Yuan army fled, Xu Da entered Tongguan, and went west to Huazhou. At this time, Xu Da's army had occupied most areas of Shandong and Henan, and occupied Tongguan, forming a crescent-shaped encirclement of most areas of the Yuan Dynasty. In May, Zhu Yuanzhang led a delegation to the capital of song dynasty to comfort the soldiers and discuss the plan for the next marching army. It is suggested that Xu Da send his troops immediately and capture most of them alive. Zhu Yuanzhang took Xu Da's advice and ordered Xu Da to unite against most areas.

In July, Zhu Yuanzhang returned to Yingtian. Xu Da and Chang Yuchun led the army to Yin He, and later to Hebei. In July, Xu Da called Linqing generals to deploy specific marching strategies. Subsequently, Chang Yuchun occupied Texas first, then Luchang and Tianjin. Yuan, the prime minister in charge of Tianjin at that time, escaped from Haikou. Most people were shocked and their hearts were in turmoil.

The Ming army advanced into self-denial and Wuqing, defeated the Yuan army, forced it to Tongzhou, and ambushed the Yuan army in the fog. Yuan Shoujiang was defeated and killed. When the news of the fall of Tongzhou reached the Dadu River, Yuan Shundi panicked and fled Jiande Gate with the queen and prince in the middle of the night on July 27th. On August 2nd, Xu Da led the troops to Qihuamen, filled the moat at the gate and besieged the city. Xu Da boarded the Qihuamen Gate Tower, and the soldiers escorted the left Prime Minister Wang Huai and the right Prime Minister Yuan Shundi to leave. These people would rather die than surrender, and Xu Da ordered the death. The rest are willing to surrender, Xu Da allowed to surrender, and no one was killed. Xu Da ordered the confiscation of treasures in the city and sent 1000 soldiers to guard the palace. At the same time, all soldiers are forbidden to disturb others. Due to the strict discipline of Xu Da's army, most people soon settled down and the shops in the market opened as usual.

After receiving the good news that most of them had been conquered, Zhu Yuanzhang announced a national amnesty, ordered it to be changed to Beiping House, and ordered Xu Da, Chang Yuchun and others to lead troops to capture Shanxi, Shaanxi and other places in order to remove the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty.

In September 368, Xu Da ordered an army to enter Shanxi. In February of 65438, Taiyuan and Datong were occupied, and Shanxi became the sphere of influence of the Ming army. In the first month of the third year of Wu Gong, Xu Da was once again appointed as the general of Peking University and sent troops to the northwest. In April, Tongguan directed at Dingxi and defeated the Yuan Army. In November, Xu Da returned to Beijing in triumph, and Zhu Yuanzhang personally greeted him in Longjiang. So the big banks raised their bonuses and replaced Xu Da with Wei Guogong. In the Wu Si Spring, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Xu Da to guard Beiping. In the second year, in order to completely eliminate the troubles in the northern border, Xu Da was ordered to go to war again, which was a heavy blow to the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty. In the sixth year of Wu, Xu Da stayed in Beiping. In November, Yuan sent troops to Datong and was repelled by Xu Da. In the 14th year of Hongwu, Xu Da led the army to the northernmost part of the Yellow River, defeated the Yuan Army and returned home in triumph.

Xu Da, the founding hero of the Ming Dynasty, has been guarding Beiping for four years since Hongwu. In the following ten years, he led troops to the frontier for many times, which made the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty dare not go south easily and effectively defended the northern border of Daming. Zhu Yuanzhang sincerely praised Xu Da as the "Great Wall of Wan Li".

Modest and prudent, aboveboard.

In the process of the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Xu Da, the founding hero of the Ming Dynasty, opened up Jianghan Basin, cleared the land of Chu Huaiwang, occupied western Zhejiang, swept the Central Plains and became famous in one fell swoop. He surrendered to the ministers and captured countless generals, but he was never proud and was especially respectful and cautious in front of the emperor. Zhu Yuanzhang often summoned Xu Da for banquets and drinking, which was often commensurate.

According to the etiquette system of the imperial court, Xu Da, the founding hero of the Ming Dynasty, was the prime minister. He took quite a lot of Weah with him when he went out. But he often goes out in ordinary chariots and horses, and lives a simple life after returning home. He never splurged, nor sang and danced at parties to boast of his wealth. Zhu Yuanzhang once said to Xu Da, "This general fought for decades, worked hard and never rested. Give you the old house where I used to live, and you can enjoy your family. " When Zhu Yuanzhang called it the King of Wu, his old house was the Palace. Xu Da resolutely refuses to accept. One day, Zhu Yuanzhang took Xu Da to Lao Wu to get Xu Da drunk, then carried him to bed and covered him with a quilt, trying to force him to accept a reward in this way. Xu Da woke up, panicked, got out of bed and complained to Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Yuanzhang was very happy to see Xu Da so humble, so he stopped forcing him to accept this ancient palace.

Besides being modest and prudent, Xu Da's achievements are also outstanding. His loyalty and integrity, clear love and hate, nepotism is particularly important. Zhu Yuanzhang once praised Xu Da in front of court officials, saying, "He was ordered to go out with a great army and returned home in triumph. He has always been arrogant, does not love women, has no treasures, is impartial and aboveboard. The general is such a person! "

Xu Da made outstanding achievements in Korea and won the trust of the emperor. Naturally, some people want him to climb higher and use his reputation for personal gain. The Prime Minister wanted to please Xu Da, but Xu Da looked down on Hu's behavior and ignored it.

Hu wanted to make friends with Xu Da, but he was given the cold shoulder. He wanted to bribe Fu Shou, Xu Dali's doorman, and let Fu Shou fabricate charges to frame Xu Da. But Fushou is loyal to his master. If he doesn't eat, Hu can't help it.

During the long military career, Xu Da's body gradually failed and eventually collapsed due to overwork. In 384 10, Xu Da was seriously ill in Peiping, and Zhu Yuanzhang sent envoys to recall Xu Da the following day. On February 20th of the following year, he died in Yingtianfu at the age of 54.

After Xu Da's death, Zhu Yuanzhang named him King Zhongshan. Buried in Zhongshan and enjoying the ancestral temple, he was the first hero of the founding of the Ming Dynasty.