The world's first introduction to long couplets

The first long couplet in the world is famous at home and abroad, and it is the first long couplet in Kunming Daguanlou. This couplet was written by Sun Zu (170 1- 1775), a Taoist priest in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, with a total of 180 words. Judging from the number of words, in the Qing Dynasty, Zhong wrote "Chengdu Wangjianglou Chongli Tower Couplet" with 2 12 words, guanxian Qingcheng Mountain Couplet in Sichuan with 394 words, and Qufei Temple Couplet written by Zhang Zhidong with 1400 words, all of which are longer than Kunming Daguan Tower, and even Jiangjin Linjiang Tower inscribed by Zhong has1. However, these couplets are not as natural and accurate as those of Daguanlou in Kunming in terms of ideological content, blending of meaning and scenery, matching skills and rhyme, so Daguanlou's couplets are known as the first in the world. On this couplet, I wrote about scenery, while on this couplet, I sang about history. On the couplet, I made it when I looked up at the scenery from upstairs. On couplets, I am thinking about the past and the present. This couplet is magnificent and broad-minded, praising both the scenery and the history. It is said that Taoist Sun poured ink on the wine in one breath, which was really earth-shattering! Five hundred miles of Dianchi Lake, rushing to the fundus. I am happy with the vast space! The east sees God, the west sees spirit, the north sees collaterals and the south sees mourning. It is better to choose the winner than to board the board. Take the crab island snail state and comb the upper wind and fog temples; It is even more beautiful, dotted with some jade feathers and Danxia. Live up to the surrounding fragrant rice, clear sand, September hibiscus and March willow; Thousands of years ago, keep it in mind. Who is the hero? I want to learn about ships in the Han Dynasty, iron pillars in the Tang Dynasty, Yufu in the Song Dynasty and purses in the Yuan Dynasty.

Wei Lie played an important role in moving mountains and rivers. Draw a bead curtain building, which can't be rolled up like dusk rain; Then I broke the wreckage and gave it all to the pale smoke. Only won a few minutes, fishing in half a river, two rows of autumn geese and a pillow of frost removal. -Sun Youti Sun Youti (170 1- 1775) of Daguanlou, Kunming, was a poor scholar in Kanggan. When I was young, I witnessed the darkness of the imperial examination and angrily stopped taking the exam. He doesn't have any official or part-time job, but he cares about the national economy and people's livelihood and seeks a good way to eradicate the flood in Kunming. Although he is a great poet, he is not confined to the art world. He always cares about the sufferings of the people and appeals for rent reduction and tax exemption for the people. He lived a poor life. He had to rely on fortune-telling in his later years and often didn't cook, but he was persistent and optimistic, and he liked to grow plums, calling himself "a plum blossom with a piece of cloth". Note (1) 500 Li: "Yunnan Tongzhi Geography": "Dianchi Lake is a giant immersion in the south, with a circumference of more than 500 Li." (2) Ai: an ancient headscarf. (3) Shen Jun: refers to Jinma Mountain in the east of Kunming. (4) gas lift. (5) paranormal: it refers to Jibi Mountain in the west of Kunming. (6) Winding: It refers to the Snake Mountain in the north of Kunming. (7) White clover: refers to the White Crane Mountain in the west of Kunming. (8) Crab Island Luozhou: refers to a crab-like island or sandbar in Dianchi Lake. (9) Fengwu Temple: a metaphor for swaying weeping willows. Cui Yu: A turquoise bird. (1 1) Danxia: Danhong Xia Yun. (12) Nine summers: 90 days in summer. (13) Hibiscus: Lotus. (14) Han Xilouchuan: According to Records of the Historian Pinghuai Biography, in 120 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "overhauled Kunchi and ruled Louchuan?" Practice the water army and get through the path from Dianchi Lake to India.

(14) Tang Biao Iron Column: Tubo Biography of the New Tang Dynasty. In 707 AD, Tubo and Yaozhou were at the junction, and "Nine Expropriations Destroyed Foreign Cities, and Iron Columns Built Dianchi Lake to Build Merits". (15) yu fu, Song Hua: Yufu is an antique in the study, used for paperweights. Song Ji: In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, "Wang Quanbin wanted to take advantage of the situation to offer Yunnan. The disaster of Tang Jian Tianbao Emperor began in Nanzhao, and Yu Fu painted the Dadu River to the west, saying,' Besides, I have nothing!' (16) Yuan Guopi: Biography of the History of the Yuan Dynasty, A.D. 1252, "Suddenly Dali will be forced to cross the Dadu River to Jinsha River and cross the river in a leather bag raft." (17) Broken tablet: The tablet of "merit" erected by emperors in past dynasties was broken with the passage of time. (18) Sun Huzi, whose real name is Beard Weng, whose real name is Yi 'an, whose real name is "Curse the Old Man with Jiao" and "Wan Hua Yi Bu Yi". Born in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, he died in Qianlong period at the age of 80. ( 170 1- 1775? ) Sun Zui worked hard all his life and wrote many books, including Poems on Sands and Poems on Tang Dynasty by Yan Yong. I made up poems of Zhou Dynasty and Yunnan, but I lost them. Only Sun Ranweng's remaining poems and southern Yunnan's poems have been handed down in the world. His most famous work is "The Dragon Couplet in Kunming Daguanlou", which is known as "the first dragon couplet in the world". (19) Daguanlou: On the bank of Dianchi Lake in the western suburbs of Kunming, in Daguanlou Park in Kunming today. Gardens were first built in the Ming Dynasty. Daguanlou was built in the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1696). Sun Zui's couplets hung in front of the building, which were printed by Lu Shutang, a famous scholar in Kunming, and were destroyed by soldiers in the seventh year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1857).

The existing three-story building was built in the fifth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1866), and the couplet was written by Zhao Fan from Jianchuan, Yunnan Province in the fourteenth year of Guangxu (1888). Appreciating the Grand View Tower is magnificent. The first part is about the scenery of Dianchi Lake, just like the travel notes of Dianchi Lake; The second part of Yunnan History is like an essay on reading history. The word Quanlian 180 is like a vivid, colorful and affectionate parallel prose, with witty remarks like pearls and catchy words. Lenovo's image is rich, full of emotion, and achieved in one go. Known as the first long couplet at home and abroad, it is also one of the national key protected cultural relics. The first couplet highlights the word "Xi", overflowing, and draws a landscape painting with Dianchi Lake characteristics. When the author went upstairs, he first wrote about the vast and boundless Yunnan Sea in front of him, and the joy of the author to look at the sea by opening his skirt and his headscarf. Then write about the landscape around Daguanlou: Jinma Mountain in the east is like the god of running horses, Bijia Mountain in the west is like a phoenix with wings, Snake Mountain in the north is like a crawling snake, and Heshan Mountain in the south is like a crane with wings. Looking around the building, I returned to the vast Dianchi Lake, with crabs and conch-shaped islands dotted with willows swaying like girls' hair. Clusters of water plants and rustling reeds are like colorful feathers of birds dotted with clouds and Xia Hong in the water. Earlier, after seeing Dianchi Lake and the surrounding mountains, the author once expressed the feeling of literati, why not choose the high-rise building of this resort to enjoy it. Here, after describing the beautiful scenery in front of us, the author sighs again: Don't live up to the beautiful scenery-fragrant rice all around, sparkling, lotus flowers in the midsummer of June, willows in the spring breeze of March.

The author expresses his feelings by writing about the scenery, and his relaxed and happy mood emerges from the paper. The second part summarizes the history of Yunnan, focusing on the word "sigh". Tracing back to the source, the author tells the inevitable law of historical development and changes, and shows an intriguing historical picture. After seeing the beautiful scenery in front of him, the author immediately recalled the ever-changing history of Yunnan and expressed infinite emotion-all the heroes of past dynasties have quietly flowed away with the long river of history: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who regarded heroes as a generation, once dug Kunming Pool in Chang 'an to train the water army in order to get through the southwest artery; Emperor Datang once canonized Nanzhao, erected iron pillars, and praised merits; Song Taizu actually waved to her husband, demarcated Xinjiang and made Dali autonomous; Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan went from Gansu to Sichuan, occupied Yunnan, destroyed Dali, conquered Tubo and successfully cut the Central Plains. This series of magnificent scenes exhausted the efforts of the heroes to move mountains and rivers. However, all this, like the morning clouds wandering outside the curtain of the colorful building, disappeared in the yellow rain rustling before the bead curtain was rolled up. Those words of praise for merit follow the broken monument. Buried in the sunset and the smoke of farmers cooking. All we have left is the bell from the temple and the fisherman's light by the river. Two rows of autumn geese flew south into the sky, and the literati who slept in the mountains woke up, and the frost was clear. How can this not make people sigh! Long couplet lyrical narrative, distinct levels, scene blending; The antithesis is neat and the words are refined; The connotation is beautiful, colorful, subtle and extraordinary. It is an immortal masterpiece in the history of couplets and has great influence. The couplet of Daguanlou is a mirror of poetry, painting and history, which reveals the historical fate of the inevitable decline of the feudal dynasty. This vision is hidden between the lines of couplets.

Because of this, couplets have been tampered with and changed many times in history, but not fade away did. On the contrary, it strengthened its position in the history of couplets (for this content, please see the article "Ruan Yuan changed his couplet to keep a laughing stock" in the story). After reading this couplet, Chen Yi wrote a poem on the Daguanlou, praising: "In the eyes of Dianchi Lake, 500 miles has been accompanied by human beings for thousands of years. ? It is not unfortunate that the poet died of poverty. So far, Changlian is a prophecy. " Guo Moruo once praised: "The long couplet is still on the wall, and the giant letter pen is like a rafter." A generation of great men * * * especially praised Daguanlou couplets. According to Yang's recollection, "He can recite some famous couplets in China in one breath, such as the 180-word couplet in Daguanlou, Kunming, and he can recite them". The original couplet was carved by Lu Shutang, a calligrapher in Kunming, and the reputation of this building doubled after it was hung up. 1857, Daguanlou and Changlian were destroyed in the Ten Wars and rebuilt by Ma Rulong in the fifth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1866). In Guangxu 14 (1888), the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, Cen Fu-jian, established a long couplet, which was published by Zhao Fan, a Bai poet. Sun Zui's Grand View Loulian is called "the first long couplet in the world" in terms of literary value and number of words. However, as far as the number of words is concerned, the couplet of Linjiang Tower in Jiangjin County in the late Qing Dynasty written by Zhong, a gifted scholar in Jiangjin, Sichuan, has a total of 16 12 words (excluding self-ordered words), which should be regarded as the "longest couplet". In the 29th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1903), Cen Chunxuan, the governor of Sichuan, was transferred to Guangdong and Guangxi, and the water passed through Jiangjin, inviting Zhang Taijie and Zhong to visit Cen Yuzhou with poems.

It happened that the new county magistrate had his hat off because of the case. Wu suspected that the two men had exposed their shortcomings and tried every means to frame them. First of all, Jiangjin's grain tax regulations are full of drawbacks. Zhang Taijie contacted the gentry to propose a correction bomb, and Zhong was among them. He won the case, but the case is not closed yet. The governor sent staff to the county for reexamination. Wu Sui took the opportunity to bribe the magistrate in Chongqing, sent Zhang and Zhong to Chengdu for "interrogation" and held them in the county detention center for three years. In order to express his anger in his chest, Zhong wrote two long couplets, which, like the 60-year-old Shoulian, were both in prison. This couplet was carved from mahogany by Zhou Hao, a contemporary calligrapher. It is now displayed in Changlian Pavilion, antique, solemn and elegant. [Preface to the couplet of Linjiang Tower in Jiangjin County] The disaster is puzzling and heartbreaking. At the end of spring, I can search my poor heart, hoping it won't miss my ears with grievances. With tears and ink, with bloody fingers, there are more than 1600 words, and I am tired of throwing them away, so I am full of words and absurd desires. Readers laugh at me and should forgive my boredom. Hey! [Self-recorded couplets of Linjiang Tower in Jiangjin County] Each side has 806 words, and the manuscript is written in one day and re-examined in seven or eight days. Therefore, I didn't pick up the poem in the capital, but I was depressed and didn't carry out my intention, which only made them feel contemptuous and memorable! Part One: Land should be the confluence of Lu Yu and Fuxi, and then the pass between Yunnan and Guizhou and Tongzangwei. Looking around, it is lush and green, all of which are Huajiang City. Look at Ai Village in the south, the cowshed in the north, the cowshed in the west and the cowshed in the east, and the vegetation and clouds in the vertical and horizontal directions are all supplying Sao altar materials. The crooked buildings passed through the branches of Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, looked up at the scary dome market and the haunted house, and fell short, all thanks to the help of the demon group.

Only when the golden mantis is consolidated can it be prevented from robbing the fire; Ye Fan's furnace hammer, beating blindly. Fame and fortune are not good, and luck is not good. How many of us are muddy and have no other shore? Those who climb stairs, feathers, teeth, fans, intermediaries, singers, walkers, angry wings, robbers, and those who like to make a dash for the door, rush when the tide comes, but gather when it comes. Tracing back to the source, it is easy to reveal a magnificent mind. Think about it, it's still awkward, and I'm not crazy enough to fight; Wu Chu has nothing to see, Russia has the crown of Wang Yang; Out of the cave in Jurassic, Russia has a ball map. It is said that Huang Xuan's tricks are awkward. How can he be afraid? On that sonorous day, the imperial court was in full swing. Suddenly, there was a brief introduction of Wang Quanbin, and the valley was dripping with ointment. Out of self-protection, the tiger roared, and the public or officials only looked at dolphins, bears and geese, and each piece depended on the pale clappers. The guns are swept clean, the walls are brilliant, the sleepy bugs are paralyzed under the veil, the cunning mice are trapped in Taicang, and the awl is short of meat. How can it be crisp and fat? You set foot on the Phoenix Terrace and ravaged Nautilus Island. Coming out of the Kirin Pavilion, your boots were slightly kicked, and you were embarrassed to give a punch, and there were screams and flames flashing rouge tongue. Already! I pray to become a snake! Dirty and handsome, who resists adversity and is fierce? Set anger to fan its gas and correct its magic; Without teeth and claws, although Xu Anni is great, this world is not the first. So he went up and down quietly. He complained to the prison that he was kind to his father and mother and that he was clumsy and ignorant. Hu Kun's axis was broken and destroyed, and he was jealous of his descendants. He kept himself from coughing and laughing. He forced him to howl first, but he followed the scale of the board and made the thunder rude.

The kindness of SDIC, SDIC, SDIC and Xu Nong belongs to Jia; Accompanied by shrimp, soaked in the haze, still gorgeous; The fragrant algae is boring and the iron plate is noisy; Listen to plum blossoms quickly, smart and graceful. Sparse twilight reeds, the world is separated by the Millennium. Hey, hey! The school ordered the parties to be embarrassed and directly detained Tulin; Through the wonderful purport, fish jumps and kites can be seen everywhere. I'm addicted to lust, and I can't fall in love with stupid women and stupid men. I hit the sky, so I can't hide my worries and worry people. Ignorant and complacent, smart and fierce, confused, ugly and bearded; The dirtier he is, the dirtier I am. Scold everyone, scold a monk, and inexplicably fall into the mud plow. Just look for this high match to pick up the stars, beauty is more than knots, bite some frost and swallow some snow, so that the interest is crystal clear, and the boat sails are attached, swaying and worrying about the eight poles. Listen, listen, listen. The village is sunny and seagulls are singing at night. It was our lively and leisurely sex. Sedentary, sedentary, muddy bones should be abandoned. When the pool rises and falls, the secret of Tianjin juice is picked up and kneaded until it is even, and it is shrunk into short seedlings to make warm muntjac eggs. Suddenly, it changes into a pair of pincers' eyes. From a distance of 306 degrees, it is ignorant to hold an axe and weigh pounds. Part II: My mind is full of strange things. I know my mind is full of tears and tears, and my mind is full of sadness and sorrow. Reading silkworms, imitating symbols, writing a brief introduction by Shi Zhe, writing ink by Ma Yang, and venting the merits of articles, thus selling the essence of the Ministry of Disabled Benefits. How to breed Gao, Kui, Qi and Ji by forcibly narrowing rivers and mountains? Bending over the sword stack, in addition to picking up skeletons, the cold island in the suburbs is thin and always mourns the witches and apes on the gorge island. So Wolong pounced and finally made way for the frog. Yin and Yang are caught in the net and are used to bullying hungry people. Heroes create time, right? Times make heroes? Why do you want to drift away when you encounter difficulties? I was involved in Sichuan, but I was confused, confused, anxious, bitter, turbulent, turbulent, wandering in Europe and Asia, in Austria and in Fiji. The emperor's state affairs make people stupid, while the Arab state affairs tempt people's wisdom, and I am eager to take advantage of this.

Who cares if you can't stop pollution? Sighing is just five ways to hammer and chisel Cui Wei and brag? How much does it cost to organize benevolence and righteousness? Do you smoke and play and brag about your progress? How many heroes should be born at the foot of the mountain. After diving, it is still desolate and lonely, and it is difficult to find traces of Pangu. The projectile expands and seals the edge. General beheaded, overwhelmed, Changhong wailed, followed by Yao and Shun. Li Qiong followed the track, the first Xue Rui added color to the hibiscus, the cuckoo landed on the thorns, Emei exposed fresh dry wood and picked up felt and cloth. The beauty mask is beautiful, the jackal fingers skillfully, the lion majestic, and the mouth flies slightly, which is shocking and overwhelming. Does it mean that poverty is better? It hurts! Yu 'an received a tribute from Shu? Rocks, like the rugged pride of Yu Zhong. That is, Xiao's shape is concave and convex, which annoyed the officials in your city early; Fake Rao Hong purple label, although stealing feet is still virtuous and Liu Hui, is poverty always poor? Ji slowly went to Quanguan privately and returned the body. He said that China is ethereal, Buddha is suitable for immortals, and rainbow and neon glow are better than darkness. Knowing that lead is fishy and tin is shameful has made Zhendan ashamed all over the world. He just unloaded his cell, worried about soup cakes, regretted the past and cried for reincarnation. Bodhi, bodhi, bodhi, I would like to shed my skin this time; There are embryonic ants, temples and caves in the temple, and the pope's society stretches; Scorpion brain and liver fly, vertical arch to extract moths; Mosquito hair and snail horns, winking and touching the air; Little sandalwood, wives and concubines dream of red dust. Hey, hey! The way to do things is to miss the guests; A little miscellaneous, tut tut. Qiu Suo's grave is full of acid and vinegar. After guessing the riddle, he is smarter than me.

The universe is too wide, the pupil and orbit are too narrow, and the spiritual soul is cultivated. I especially failed my parents' bow and caress, and what I got in return was his flesh and blood. Ups and downs, joy is added to joy, evil follows the cruel nine classics, and only lives for future generations. Take advantage of this sand to wash the marrow, clear the intestines, hey, point the moon, oh, point the wind, and worry about wine glasses, give poems, and tactics for a thousand years. Look, look, look, anvil knock, lotus paddle, but like a servant's sadness and drift. Don't panic. Don't panic. Expect that Wei Lan will hide his compassion and chat with the double-que ladder. I hope that Yin Tao will burst into tears until the seas run dry and the rocks crumble, making him tired of his long nose, paying for turtle aojiang, and instructing him to keep the square pot round and round. Nearly120,000 years later, he will follow the trail and cultivate Linglong Gankun.