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There are some mistakes in the introduction or discovery of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival.

The Northern Song Dynasty genre painting Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. A masterpiece handed down from generation to generation, a first-class national treasure. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is the most famous painting in the history of China.

One of his works is not only of superb artistic level, but also has many interesting stories circulating around it.

Author Zhang Zeduan, whose name is Zhengdao, was born in Wu Dong (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province). Song Huizong is a court painter. When I was a teenager, I went to study in the capital city of Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan). After that, I learned painting, especially painting boats and cars, painting urban bridges, painting Guo Jing, and getting married. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is Zhang Zeduan's masterpiece, which was declared in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Collected by the palace. It is a light-colored silk book with a height of 24.8 cm and a length of 528.7 cm. The original is now in the Palace Museum in Beijing.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival records the construction and people's livelihood in the suburbs of Bianjing (now Kaifeng), the capital of Hui Zong times, and on both sides of the Bianhe River in the city with exquisite brushwork. This painting depicts the bustling scene and natural scenery on both sides of Bianliang and Bianhe, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, during the Qingming period. In the form of a long scroll, the work uses the composition method of scattered perspective to bring complicated scenery into a unified and changeable picture. There are more than 500 people in the painting, with different clothes and expressions, interspersed with various activities, paying attention to drama, dense composition, changing rhythm and rhythm, and ingenious brushwork. The whole picture is divided into three sections.

Statue of Zhang Zeduan

The first paragraph, Bianjing rural spring:

In the sparse forest mist, there are several huts, grass bridges, running water, old trees and boats. Two porters are driving five donkeys loaded with charcoal. They are going to town. Willow forest, branches

It's just a hint of green, which makes people feel that although it's chilly in spring, it's already spring back to the earth. In the sedan chair on the road, a woman sat in it. The top of the sedan chair is decorated with willow flowers, and the sedan chair follows the horse.

, carrying the burden, came back from the suburbs of Beijing for an outing to sweep the grave. The description of the environment and characters points out the specific time and customs of Tomb-Sweeping Day, which opens the curtain for the whole painting.

In the middle section, the busy Bianhe Wharf:

Bianhe River is the hub of national grain transportation in the Northern Song Dynasty, and it is also the main road of commercial traffic. As can be seen from the picture, the population is dense, food ships gather, some people are resting in the teahouse, and some people are telling fortune.

Some people eat in restaurants. There is also the "Wang's Paper Horse Shop", which is a grave sweeper selling sacrifices. Ships in the river come and go, end to end, dragged by trackers, rowed by boatmen, and some are full of goods.

Upstream, some ships landed and were nervously unloading. Across the Bianhe River is a large wooden arch bridge with exquisite structure and beautiful shape. Such as flying rainbow, hence the name.

Hongqiao. There is a big ship waiting to cross the bridge. The boatman is supported by bamboo poles; Hook the bridge with a long pole; Lead the boat with hemp rope; Several people are busy lowering the mast so that the ship can

Only through. People in the neighboring ship are also pointing, as if shouting something. Both inside and outside the ship are busy crossing the bridge for this ship. People on the bridge are also trying to cross the river.

The tense situation makes employees feel nervous. This is the well-known Hongqiao pier, which is full of traffic and bustling, and is really the intersection of land and water transportation.

In the second half, busy city streets:

Centered on the tall towers, there are rows of houses on both sides, including teahouses, restaurants, foot shops, meat shops, temples, public halls and so on. There are silks and satins, jewels and spices in the shop.

Specialized trades such as incense and paper horses are available in all walks of life except medical clinics, car repair, fortune telling, shaving and plastic surgery, and big shops are also tied with "colorful buildings".

"Ring Gate", with the banner of the city head hanging, soliciting business, pedestrians in the market, pushing each other, endless stream, businessmen doing business, gentry looking at the street view, officials riding horses, and telephone callers.

Vendors include family members sitting in sedan chairs, monks carrying baskets, foreign tourists asking for directions, street children who have heard of books, and tycoons who binge drink in restaurants.

Brother, there are begging disabled old people, men, women and children, scholars, farmers, workers, businessmen and everything on the edge of the city. Transportation: sedan chair, camel, ox cart, rickshaw and

Flat cars, flat cars, all kinds, everything. Vividly displayed in front of people.

In the five-meter-long picture scroll, there are more than 550 figures of various colors, including 50 or 60 cattle, horses, mules, donkeys and other livestock, more than 20 vehicles and bridges, and large and small boats.

More than twenty ships. Houses, bridges, towers, etc. They also have their own characteristics, reflecting the characteristics of architecture in the Song Dynasty. Zhang Zeduan's Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a scene depicting a corner of Bianjing City in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Realistic genre painting has high historical value and artistic level.

In the history of painting, there are many paintings called The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, but there is only one original. After many scholars and experts have studied this topic, everyone's opinion is basically the same.

By now, everyone thinks that this painting of the Palace Museum in Beijing is an original of Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty. Other paintings of the same name were later copied or imitated by Zhang Zeduan.

At present, there is no artist's own seal on this picture scroll in the Palace Museum in Beijing. The author identified it as Zhang Zeduan, based on a passage from Zhang Zhu in the Jin Dynasty in the postscript to the picture.

Inscription. Zhang Zhu's inscription has only a few words: "Hanlin Zhang Zeduan was born in Wudong (now Zhucheng, Shandong). Young people study, study in the capital, and then learn to draw things. This is the industry.

Painting, especially in boats, cars, bridges, Guo Jing, never getting married. "However, in the book Xuan He Hua Pu, which was written at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Zeduan's name could not be found. There is speculation that he may take part in the competition.

The painting academy arrived too late for the editor to compile it into the book.

It is precisely because "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" has such great artistic charm in detail description that later generations of busybodies will repeatedly create countless imitations and fakes.

In order to gain benefits.

The immortal masterpiece Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, painted by Zhang Zeduan, a famous painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, is priceless in the history of painting in China. It is a long scroll style of realistic creation.

Folk painting vividly reproduces the prosperous scene of Bianjing Chengping period in the Northern Song Dynasty through the detailed description of urban folk life.

Zhang Zeduan, a native of Wu Dong (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province), was a painter at the turn of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was written by Zhang Zeduan when he was making history at Hanlin Painting Academy in Song Huizong.

Work. This long scroll is made of silk and light color. The frame is 24.8 cm high and 528.7 cm long. This is a long scroll genre painting created with a highly realistic technique and through the analysis of market customs.

The detailed description of life vividly reproduces the prosperity of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty.

After Zhang Zeduan finished this long scroll praising the history of the Millennium, he first presented it to Song Huizong. Song Huizong became the first collector of this painting. As a history of China,

Song Huizong, a master of calligraphy and painting, likes this painting very much. He wrote the words "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" in his famous "Shoujin Style" calligraphy, and made a seal script of Shuanglong (now lost).

This masterpiece, which is well-known at home and abroad, has been played and appreciated by countless collectors and connoisseurs for more than 800 years after its appearance, and plundered by later emperors and dignitaries.

Target. It went from one place to another and experienced many wars and disasters ... It entered the palace five times and was stolen from the palace four times. After many disasters, it interpreted many legendary stories.

(1) The mounter replaced the fake goods with the real ones.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was first collected by Song Huizong in the court of Northern Song Dynasty. 11September 26, the Jin Bing captured the emperor Qin Hui and looted the treasures in the palace. Along the River During the Qingming Festival

But it spread among the people. After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the gold, this painting entered the palace for the second time. From the Yuan Dynasty to the period of Mindfulness, there was a framer in the palace who exchanged the original and the copy, sold it somewhere and then sold it.

To Chen Yanlian of Wulin (Hangzhou). Chen was afraid of failure and was in a hurry to use the money, so he sold it to Yang Zhun.

(2) Soup is framed, and bite the hand that feeds you.

According to Gu Su's Story of Summer in Qing Dynasty, Yu Wang of Taicang has a collection of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. When Yan Shifan found out, he forced him to ask for it. If Wang Yu doesn't want to go, he will invite one.

The owner (that is, Huang Biao) made a copy and sent it. As early as when he was the governor of Zhejiang, there was a painter named Tang. His life was very difficult. Wang Yu took him home to work and later recommended him.

For Yan Shifan. A picture of the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was sent to Yan's home, and it was painted beside it. He said, "This picture is fake." Yan Shishan was very angry after hearing this.

It is worth our tower to invade Datong. At that time, Wang (Yu) was the governor of Su Liao, and there was no way to defend the enemy. Yan's followers took the opportunity to impeach Wang Yu and were killed.

(3) Mrs. Lu embroidered pillows and hid paintings.

According to Li Rihua's Diary of Wei Shui Xuan in the Ming Dynasty, during the Jiajing period (1522- 1566), Yan Song was a traitor, and his son Yan Shifan was in power in both the ruling and opposition parties, so they had to.

Knowing that The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is a masterpiece, they sent people to search everywhere.

At this time, this painting is stored in Luwan's home. After Lu Wan's death, his wife cherished this painting and hid it in an embroidered pillow. My wife has a nephew surnamed Wang, who is good at drawing and is smart and talkative.

As soon as Mrs. Wang was happy, she asked to see the painting, but she couldn't refuse at the moment, so she was allowed to sit in a small pavilion without pen and ink and watch it for a limited time. Wang Shenghao is very clever.

When I read it for the second time, I memorized the composition and layout of the houses, streets, ships and figures in the painting. When I got back, I copied the whole picture and spread it all over the world, but the real thing was still in Yan Song's hands.

(4) Feng avert suspicion eunuch rumor.

It is said that after The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival entered the palace, the emperor didn't like calligraphy and painting, so Cheng Gongzhu took the opportunity to ask the emperor to give it to him, but the emperor offered a high price to pay his salary and painting.

When he wanted to give this painting to Zhu, a little eunuch learned that it was priceless and stole it. He was about to leave the palace when the housekeeper came. The little eunuch hurriedly hid the painting in the sewer, just as it rained that day.

For three days in a row, the painting has rotted out of control.

This story was collected by Amin Zhan Jingfeng in his Introduction to Oriental Books. In fact, it was invented by Feng Bao, a painter who stole paintings. Feng Bao was a eunuch in Wanli period of Qin Long and the leader of the East Factory.

In power, in and out of the palace, Feng Bao wrote an inscription after learning the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. If this is the emperor's reward, he must have written a great book in the inscription, but Feng Bao didn't mention it at the end of the word.

It was a theft, and he made up the above bizarre story to hide his eyes and ears.

(5) Xuan Tong Palace in Qing Dynasty stole treasures.

The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was collected by Liu Feiyuan after it entered Qing Dynasty. In the second year of Jiaqing, Bi Yuan died. In the fourth year (1799), Bi Jiachao, the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival, became an official for the fourth time. pass by

It is located in Yingchun Pavilion in the Forbidden City. Since then, the Riverside Map on the Qingming Festival has been kept in the Qing Palace.

After the Revolution of 1911, Puyi (Xuan Tong) abdicated and still lived in the palace. Before 1925 left the palace, he stole the precious calligraphy and painting in the palace to Tianjin. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is one of them. After ...

When the Puppet Manchukuo was founded, he brought this painting to Changchun Palace. 1945, on the eve of the liberation of Northeast China, Puyi fled hastily and came to Tonghua with this painting. He was reluctant to throw it away, and was captured by our army and collected in.

Northeast Museum. 1955 allocated to the Palace Museum. This is the fifth time that The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has entered the Forbidden City, but it is not the former Forbidden City, but the People's Museum.

During the Cultural Revolution, Li Zuopeng, one of Lin Biao's four main commanders, took advantage of his power to borrow the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival from the Palace Museum for his own use. He also cooperates with Qiu.

Wu, Wu and others occupied a large number of other precious cultural relics. After the fall of Lin Biao, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival was rediscovered and is still in the Palace Museum.

Medium.

Discussion on the scroll content of the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival: Since its publication, Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has been copied in all dynasties, with different sizes. According to statistics, at present, grandpa in China

Private collection of 30 copies of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival.

What did the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival draw? Why is its charm enduring?

According to Qian's "Zhuo Juan Ba", there are all kinds of figures 1643 people and 208 animals in the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which is better than the classical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Yi (1 19 1 person), Dream of Red Mansions (975 people) and Water Margin (787 people) all depict more characters.

The whole picture of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival can be divided into three sections. When the picture unfolds, the first thing you see is the scenery on the outskirts of Bianjing. The middle section mainly depicts the busy scenes on both sides of Shangtu Bridge and Bianhe River.

Scene. The second half depicts the street view of Bianjing City. The size of the word is less than 3 cm, as small as a bean. If you look at them carefully, they are both physically and mentally interesting.

The riverside scene on the Qingming Festival, ranging from Yuanye, Haohe and Shanglang to boats and cars, paving, decoration and market signs, are all combined together, which is real and natural, making people feel at home.

Feeling. The whole work is long but not redundant, complicated but not chaotic, tight and compact, as if in one go, which fully shows the extraordinary brushwork of the painter Zhang Zeduan, and deserves to be a rare treasure in China's art treasure house.

Treasure of the world

According to the textual research on the inscription of Amin Li Dongyang, there should be a landscape map of the outer suburbs in front of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, with the inscription of Song Huizong's fine gold lettering and his collection of Shuanglong Xiaozhuan.

Mark, now these paintings are gone. There are two reasons. One possibility is that this picture has been circulated for too long, and the beginning part was broken after being played and appreciated by countless people.

So later generations cut it off when mounting it; One possibility is that Song Huizong's inscription and Ssangyong Xiao Zhuan are valuable, and later generations deliberately cut them off and sold them as another painting.

Many experts suspect that the second half of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is missing, because this painting should not come to an abrupt end just after entering Kaifeng City, but should be painted all the way to Jinming Pool.

Whether the second half of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival has been lost and how many mysteries remain have attracted Chinese and foreign scholars and experts to explore.