Brief introduction of Pei Xingjian

Pei Xingjian (6 19—682), born in Wenxi, Jiangzhou, was a famous politician, strategist and calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty.

Pei Xingjian was born in a famous family, and his great-grandfather Pei Bofeng was a general in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. He used to be the secretariat of Fenzhou (now southwest of Jishan Mountain in Jixian County, Shanxi Province) and the secretariat of Langxie (now Shandong Province). Grandfather Pei Renfeng Yi (now Dali, Shaanxi Province) was the chief commander, and he crusaded against Lang Xiegong. His father Pei Renji was a doctor of Zuo Guanglu in Sui Dynasty, and later he wanted to go back to Tang Dynasty. As a result, he was killed by Wang, the commander-in-chief of Luoyang. During the Wude period in Tang Gaozu, he was posthumously awarded as the governor of Yuanzhou (now Guyuan, Ningxia) and became loyal. My younger brother Pei, a famous brave general at that time, was killed at the same time as Pei.

Not only that, anyone who knows the history knows that the Pei family has been a prominent family in Sanjin since ancient times, and it is also a famous family in the history of China. "Since the qin and han dynasties, to the six dynasties, sui and tang dynasties. Five generations later, Yu Fang still exists. In the next two thousand years, heroes, heroes and virtuous men stood shoulder to shoulder, sharing weal and woe, and there were great men in history. " The prosperity of his family figures and moral articles is unique in Chinese and foreign history. Even * * * praised the Shi Pei family. According to records, the Pei family is a prince, and there are endless crowns. More than 600 official biographies and columns; No fewer than a thousand people have their names remembered by future generations; There are more than 3000 officials above grade seven. For more than two thousand years, there are 59 prime ministers, 59 generals, 14 assistant ministers, 55 ministers, 44 assistant ministers, 1 1 constant attendants,1/suggestion, 21. Pei also married into the royal family many times, three queens, four princesses and two princesses, 2 1 horse.

Pei's family rose in Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, and lived in the Six Dynasties, especially in Sui and Tang Dynasties. Because of this, Pei Hangjian was born with the shadow of a door when he was young. In the middle period of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan, Pei Xingjian introduced the Ming Sutra and worshipped Zuo Tunwei Cang Cao to join the army. At that time, Su, a famous Tang Dynasty soldier, was appointed as a general, and he was surprised to find Pei Xingjian's high military attainments. Sue was eager for success, so she said to Pei Xingjian, "I use soldiers, and there is no one in the world to teach. This son is also wise. " (Biography of Pei Xingjian in the New Tang Dynasty) After that, Pei Xingjian studied military affairs with Su. Because Su valued Pei Hangjian very much, he gave him all his years of combat experience, which benefited Pei Hangjian a lot.

Learning from Su is an important turning point in Pei Xingjian's life, which lays a good foundation for him to make contributions in the future and eventually become a big star.

In the second year of Xianqing (657), Pei Xingjian moved to Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). At that time, Li Zhi and Tang Gaozong abolished the queen and established Wu Zhao Yi (Wu Zetian). Pei Xingjian felt that this move would bring disaster to the country, so he privately discussed the matter with Qiu Wuji and Shangshu Zuofu Shooting Chu Suiliang. Yuan of Dali took the opportunity to tell the secret to Wu's mother Yang, so Pei Hangjian was framed and demoted as the capital, and became the governor of Xizhou (the former site of Gaochang in the southeast of Turpan, Xinjiang) in Wan Li. According to Zi Jian, Pei Hangjian was demoted in Yonghui for six years, that is, in 655, which conflicted with the time when he became the Chang 'an Order in 657. This paper is based on the new and old Tang books.

Pei Xingjian didn't sink after he went to the Western Regions. With his own ability, he became General Anxi in the second year of Linde (665). At that time, many western countries followed suit, so Pei Xingjian became Steven Shao Qing.

In the second year of General Chapter (669), Pei Xingjian was transferred back to Beijing as a secretary and regular staff officer because of his outstanding political achievements. At that time, the Tang dynasty had been peaceful for a long time, and more and more people took part in the civil service election and waited for appointment. Pei Xingjian facilitated Foreign Minister Zhang Renyi to set up a long name calendar, listing the names and qualifications of candidates and stipulating the method of appointing officials. At the same time, it also stipulates the level of promotion and demotion of state and county officials and the level of official qualification. Since then, it has become a fixed system and has been used.

Pei Xingjian's achievements were recognized by the imperial court. In the early years of Xianheng, he resumed his official name and served as assistant minister of the official department. During his tenure, Pei Xingjian, together with Li and Ma Zi, took charge of election affairs for more than ten years and became famous for a while. At that time he was called "Pei Li" and "Pei Ma". In the second year of Shangyuan (675), Pei Xingjian was named Dr. Yin Lu for his outstanding achievements.

On the first day of March in the third year of Shangyuan (676), in order to get through the Eastern Front, Tubo attacked and killed Tangshan (governing the western capital, now Ledu, Qinghai), Shuozhou (governing Chenghua, now Hualong, Qinghai), Hezhou (governing the cannon Han, now Linxia, Gansu) and Zhoufang (governing Changfang, now southeast of Diebu, Gansu). Tang Gaozong appointed Pei Hangjian as the second commander of the left army on Zhou Tao Road (Lintan, now Gansu), and soon as the commander of the right army in Taizhou Town (Longmen, now southeast of Hejin, Shanxi), he was the marshal of the animal husbandry and road marching in Luozhou (Luoyang, now northeast of Luoyang, Henan) and Li Xian, the king of Zhou. Because Li Xian didn't succeed, Pei Hangjian didn't lead the army to war.

In April of the first year of Xianheng (670), Tubo captured the Western Regions 18, and all the land on Tianshan South Road in the Tang Dynasty was occupied by Tubo. At that time, after the death of Ashnab Khan, many tribes were lost, and the chiefs Ashnab Zhi and Lee built their nests and took the rest back to Tubo. In the second year of Xianheng (67 1), in April, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appointed Ashnaduzhi as the left general and commander-in-chief and gathered his men. On February 11th, the first year of Tiaolu (679), Tubo Zapp died, and Zi Qi became the heir to the throne. After Tang Gaozong knew the news, Pei Hangjian took the opportunity to attack Tubo. However, Pei Xingjian thought that the time was not yet ripe, so he suggested: "The Qin Mausoleum is the government, and the ministers should reconcile." (History as a Mirror, Volume 202) Tang Gaozong felt justified and stopped acting. At this time, Ashinaduzhi and his other handsome Li Zhesi joined forces with Tubo to invade Anxi (Broken Leaf Town, now Russian tokmak), threatening Tang's rule in the Western Regions.

In June, Tang Ting discussed the issue of sending troops to crusade. Most people advocate sending troops to crusade, but Pei Xingjian thinks it is inappropriate. He said: "Tubo rebelled and never stopped fighting. He respected the occult, tried the ceremony, lost the law and lost the yuan. Anke caused more trouble in the West? Today, the Persian (Iranian) King passed away, and his son Narsieh stayed in Beijing as a keepsake. I hope to send messengers to Persia to make picture books, which is to give routes to two tribes. If you do it cheaply, you can make contributions. " (Biography of Pei Xingjian in the Old Tang Dynasty) Pei Xingjian's wise strategy was recognized by Tang Gaozong, and he was appointed as the emissary to appease tuas (now * * *). Pei Xingjian invited Fangyi Wang, the secretariat of Suzhou (now Jiuquan, Gansu Province), to serve as the escort of Anxi.

In July, I went to Xizhou with thrift. Because Pei Hangjian once worked in Xizhou and had a good reputation, when Pei Hangjian and his party arrived, all the officials and people in the city went out to meet him, and Pei Hangjian took the opportunity to summon more than 1000 local heroes' children to the west. Then he sent people everywhere to threaten: "It's hot and steaming today, and it's very uncomfortable. When autumn is cool, we can gradually move. " (Biography of Pei Xingjian in the Old Tang Dynasty) Ashnadu was unprepared when he heard the news. Later, in the name of hunting, Pei Xingjian called together the leaders of Hu people in four towns (Qiuci, Pisha, Yanqi and Shule, all in present-day Xinjiang) and said to them, "I have never been tired of this trip. Although I have returned to Beijing, I have never forgotten it. Because I am a traveler and want to find an old reward, who can hunt from me? " (Biography of Pei Xingjian in the Old Tang Dynasty) As a result, nearly 10,000 children of tribes in four towns were quickly gathered. Due to the lack of military training, Pei Xingjian once again reorganized the army in the name of hunting.

A few days later, everything was ready, and Pei Xingjian led the army to the west. When traveling more than a mile away from Ashnadu tribe 10, Pei Xingjian first sent an envoy to greet Ashnadu, indicating that the purpose of this trip was for fun, not for crusade. Then he sent messengers to urge them to meet. Ashnado and Li Zhesi first met as anti-Tang envoys during the Mid-Autumn Festival. I didn't expect Tang Jun to arrive soon, and nothing happened. He was forced to lead more than 500 riders out, and Pei Xingjian took Ashnaduzhi and others as prisoners. Then send people to shoot arrows, call ministers to accept orders, and send them to Broken Leaf City (also known as Suye City and Rousseau City, near Chuys Broderiv on the south bank of the bei chu River in Fu Longzhi, Russia, and near tokmak, Russia). At the same time, Pei Xingjian sent light and elite cavalry to attack Li Fu's nest day and night. On the way, I happened to meet the emissary of Li Shiwo. Pei Xingjian immediately ordered the emissary to return, made a speech to his master, and gave an account of the capture of Ashnadu. Being poor, Li was forced to surrender. So Pei Xingjian sent the Prince of Persia back to China, leaving Fangyi Wang as the envoy to build a broken leaf city in Anxi, and personally took Ashnadu and Li Zhesi back to Chang 'an. When Fangyi Wang built the Broken Leaf City, he also erected a monument in the city to commemorate Pei Xingjian's deeds.

In this campaign, Pei Xingjian tried to escort the Persian king to hide in Tibet, creating the illusion of delaying the westward advance and hunting, confusing and paralyzing the other side, secretly convening the Wu department, and invading quickly, which made Ashnadu and Li Zhesi unprepared and completely passive, and finally captured them without using a bloody knife, making them fail before they rose.

Tang Gaozong was very happy after receiving the good news. He gave a banquet in honor of Pei Xingjian, and said to him, "It's better to take clothes, so he sent General Qing to lead a crusade and cross Wan Li alone. The clear spring is faintly heard, and the sincerity is sincere, and the soldiers are bloodless, and the fierce party is in flight. I am deeply convinced of the rebellion. " (Biography of Pei Xingjian in the Old Tang Dynasty) Words of praise are beyond words.

In the same year 10, Ashdod Wenfu and Ashina, the leaders of East Turkistan in Handuhufu (now Tuchengzi, northwest of Inner Mongolia and Linger), led the troops against the Tang Dynasty, and all the 24 provinces in the province responded, with hundreds of thousands of people, which seriously threatened the security of northern Xinjiang in the Tang Dynasty. So he led the army to fight with the commander-in-chief Shi and lost. After that, the Turks went south to attack Dingzhou (now Dingzhou City, Hebei Province). Repelled by Li Yuangui, Huo Wang and the secretariat. On the fifth day, Tang Ting sent Sargin Gewei general Cao Huaishun to station troops in Jingxing (now Jingxing North, Hebei Province), and right Wuwei general Cui Xian to station troops in Longmen (now Hejin West, Shanxi Province) to prevent Turks from going deep. The Turks led Xi and Qidan to attack Yingzhou (now Chaoyang, Liaoning Province) and were defeated by Xiujing in Caotang.

On the sixth day of November, another banquet was held, and he still said, "Both Wu and I are funded, and they are specially given to you." ("Biography of Pei Xingjian in the Old Tang Dynasty") Immediately, Pei Xingjian was appointed as the history of the Ministry of Rites, and he was appointed as the right-back general. By quelling the Battle of Ashnard, Tang Gaozong knew that Pei Xingjian was good at fighting, so he could become a great leader. On the 27th, he appointed Pei Xingjian as the chief of Dingxiang Road March, led his servants, Shao Qing Li Siwen and Zhou Daowu, to send 654.38+08 million troops to conquer East Turkistan, and also led the troops of Cheng Wuting, Toyota, Youzhou and Dong Jun in Fengzhou, which were inspected by Pei Xing. At this point, Tang Jun's total strength reached more than 300,000, and it was diverted to the north. Tang Junjun's "banner spans thousands of miles", and the history books say that "the Tang Dynasty started its business and made great achievements, but it had nothing." (Biography of Pei Xingjian in the Old Tang Dynasty) At the same time, Tang Gaozong ordered the Uighur soldiers to go south from Mobei, ready to attack the north and south, break the Turks in one fell swoop and stabilize the north.

Pei Xingjian led the army to Shuozhou (now Shuoxian County, Shanxi Province), and learned that the small grain was robbed and even the soldiers starved to death, so he said to his subordinates with confidence: "It is also possible to control the enemy by stratagem." ("Biography of Pei Xingjian in the New Tang Dynasty") Then specifically said: "Use the way of fighting to appease the scholars and be sincere, but deceive the enemy. The day before yesterday, the small grain shipments were looted by Turks, and the soldiers were frozen and hungry, and they were defeated. Today, Turks will ask for this again, and it is appropriate to cheat. " (History as a Mirror, Volume 202) Pei Xingjian played along, using 300 disguised grain wagons, each with five strong men, each holding a strange knife (long-handled double-edged knife) and a crossbow, leading hundreds of old and weak foot soldiers, ready for battle. When the Turks saw the grain truck, they sent troops to grab the grain, and the escort soldiers abandoned the car and dispersed. Turkish soldiers drove to the nearby water grass field, unloaded their saddles and grazed horses, hoping to get food. The strong man in the car immediately jumped out and suddenly attacked, and the Turkish soldiers fled in panic. Tang ambush also took advantage of the situation to attack, defeated the Turkic soldiers who robbed the grain and killed several. After this war, the Turkish army never dared to approach the grain trucks in Tang Jun.

Pei Xingjian led the army to the north of Khan House. One night, after camping, the camp was set in No.4 Middle School and No.4 High School. After seeing it, Pei Xingjian ordered the soldiers to move to Gorkon, but his subordinates thought: "Soldiers can't get close." (Biography of Pei Xingjian in the New Tang Dynasty) Pei Xingjian resolutely refused and forced the soldiers to move quickly. It was stormy that night, and the camp in front was quickly submerged, with a water depth of more than ten feet. Tang Junbing was amazed when he saw it, but he didn't know why, so he asked Pei Xingjian. Pei Xingjian smiled and said, "From now on, if I am temperate, don't ask me so much." ("Biography of Pei Xingjian in the New Tang Dynasty") Since then, Tang Junbing has been ordered by Pei Xingjian (because Pei Xingjian is a civil servant and has never made meritorious military service, although there was World War I in the Western Regions, it is still difficult to obey).

In March of the first year of Yonglong (680), Pei Xingjian invaded the north, fought against the Turks in Montenegro (now Daqingshan, northwest of Baotou, Inner Mongolia), defeated the Turks, and captured Ashina as his post, causing numerous casualties before and after. Ashner was killed by his men and came down with his head. The rest of the Turks retreated to the western Wolf Mountain (now Wulate United Banner in Inner Mongolia). Pei Xingjian returned home in triumph.

In this campaign, Pei Xingjian skillfully used the "Mumaji" to induce Turks to surrender by disguising grain trucks, and then defeated Turks by surprise attack, ambush and fast attack, thus maintaining the security of Bei Tang.

After Pei Hangjian withdrew, the rest of the Turks surrounded Yunzhou (now Datong, Shanxi) and were defeated by Dou Huaibi, the prefect of Daizhou, and Cheng Wuting, the right-handed corps commander. In the first month of the second year of Yonglong (68 1), the Turks attacked the original (now Guyuan, Ningxia) and Qing (now Qingyang, Gansu) States. On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, Tang Ting ordered Li Zhishi, a right-back general, to send troops to Beijing (north of Jingchuan, Gansu) and Qing Er, ready to meet the Turks. Ashinafunian, a Turk at that time, thought he was Khan, and joined forces with Ashinafunian to fight against the Tang Dynasty and invade the land of the Tang Dynasty. On 23rd, Tang Gaozong re-appointed Pei Hangjian as the manager of Dingxiang Road, Cao Huaishun, the general of Wu Wei's right, and Li Wenliang, the governor of Youzhou, as deputies, and led the army to crusade against Turks and stabilize the north.

In March, Cao Huaishun and Lieutenant Dou led the former army to the north. Due to the credulity of the military intelligence report, Ashnafunian and Arshid were both in the north of Heisha (now northeast of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia), with only about 20 cavalry and lack of food, so the old and weak stayed in Xianlupo (now northeast of Hohhot) to fight the Turks. But in the black sand, I saw nothing, and the troops were tired, so I had to lead the troops back. When we arrived north of the Great Wall, we met Astor Winfrey's department, and both sides led their own small-scale battles. Cao Huaishun and others retreated to Hengshui and met Fu Nianjun in Ashina again. So Cao Huaishun, Dou, Li Wenyang and Liu Jingtong, the lieutenant, formed a phalanx and walked while playing. One day, Fu Nianjun of Ashina attacked by the wind, Tang Jun disturbed, Cao Huaishun and others abandoned the army, and Tang Jun was defeated, killing many people. Cao Huaishun and others gathered scattered troops, restrained money, grain and silk, bribed Ashnavornian and made peace with him. Ashnavonia also retreated to the north.

Leap in July, Pei Hangjian led an army in Daizhou (now Daixian County in Shanxi Province, northwest of Lingguan) and recommended it to Tang Jun. However, the Turkish army was still strong. Pei Hangjian did not storm, but used double spies many times, so that Fu Nianhe was suspicious of each other. Ashna was afraid, so she left her wife, left Jin Yashan with a heavy burden, and led the Qingqi south to attack Cao Huaishun's department. Pei Hangjian took advantage of the emptiness in the rear, even though the lieutenant He encrypted the desert road and Cheng Wuting crossed the stone tunnel, he still led the army to raid Jinyashan in the Turkish tooth account. After Ashnafornian made an appointment with Cao Huaishun to return, he went to Jinyashan, lost his wife and trench, and his foot soldiers got sick, so he was forced to lead an army north to get fine sand (I don't know where to go now). Pei Xingjian ordered Liu Jingtong and Cheng Wuting, the deputy governors, to lead the army to pursue Khan. Ashnavonian said that he would ask Ashdevin to play for himself. Pei Xingjian said that he kept this secret and promised not to kill him after he fell. However, Ashnau hesitated when the time came, and he still had a long way to go. It is estimated that Tang Jun couldn't make it, so he neglected to take precautions. As a result, Tang Jun rushed to the fine sand quickly. Ashina Fu Nian was shocked by the news and could not make it all, so she had to take Ashida Wenfu to surrender by the path. At that time, the dust was flying in front of the Tang military camp, and the scouts rushed to report in panic. Pei Xingjian said calmly: "This is because I am afraid of being gentle and courteous, not afraid of him. However, surrender is like being attacked by the enemy, but it must be carefully prepared. " (Biography of Pei Xingjian in the Old Tang Dynasty) So he ordered strict precautions and only sent messengers to the front to meet Ashina Fu Nian. Soon, Athina Vaughan made Ashdod Winfrey surrender. At this point, the Turks are equal. Pei Xingjian took Ashnavonian and Ashdewen back to Chang 'an. Seeing Pei Xingjian's victory over the Turks again, Tang Gaozong was very happy, and sent Cui Zhixun, the minister of the household department, to reward the army.

In this battle, Pei Xingjian took advantage of the situation to attack, seized the fighter plane in time, took advantage of the weakness to attack the Turkic tooth account, and then quickly pursued it, forcing Ashinafunian to be caught off guard and had to surrender with Ashdodo Wenfu.

10, Pei Xingjian returned to Beijing. But unlike before, Pei Xingjian was not rewarded, but framed. It turned out that Pei Yan, the assistant general, was jealous of Pei Xingjian's achievements and had a good relationship with him. Therefore, he said, "Fu Nian was forced by Zhang and Yi, and the Uighurs and others forced him from the north to the south. Sorry, he lowered his ears." (Zi Zhi Tong Jian (Volume 222) Pei Hangjian was named Wenxi County Duke only because of his past achievements. Moreover, Tang Gaozong beheaded Ashina Fu Nian and Arshid Wen Fu, who had promised not to kill, in the city, which opened the prelude to the killing of surrenders in the Tang Dynasty and laid the foundation for the Turkish elite to rebel against the Tang Dynasty again in the future. Pei Xingjian sighed, "It's a pity to be so muddled in the past. However, after being afraid of killing, there is no return. " (Biography of Pei Xingjian in the Old Tang Dynasty) Since then, it has been said that there is no disease.

After Pei Xingjian outwitted the Ashnadu branch of the West Turkic, Ashina Chebo led the Ten Clans (10 tribe) of the West Turkic against the Tang Dynasty in February of the first year of Yongchun (682), and besieged Gongyue City (now northwest of Huocheng, Xinjiang) in April, threatening the northwest frontier of the Tang Dynasty. To this end, Tang Gaozong had to use Pei Hangjian, who was familiar with the customs of the western regions. On the eighth day, Tang Gaozong appointed Pei Hangjian as the general manager of Jinyadao March, and led three main soldiers to attack West Turkistan separately. Pei Xingjian puts national interests first and is ready to go out again. But before leaving, Pei Xingjian died suddenly in April at the age of 64.

But before he can conquer, his death often makes the hero cry. Pei Xingjian's death made Tang Gaozong very sad. In view of Pei Xingjian's contribution to the Tang Dynasty, Tang Gaozong posthumously awarded him as commander-in-chief of Youzhou (jia county, now southwest of Beijing). In particular, he ordered the Crown Prince to send six officials to check the housework and stop when the children can stand on their own feet. After Tang Zhongzong Li Xian succeeded to the throne, Pei Xingjian was posthumously awarded as the governor of Yangzhou (Jiangdu County, now Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province). Pei Xingjian's youngest son, Pei Guangting, was also an effective prime minister in the Kaiyuan period.

Pei Xingjian was a famous artist at that time, taking cursive script as his profession. Tang Gaozong heard that he used one hundred rolls of plain silk and a cursive "Selected Works of Zhaoming". He read it again and again and appreciated it very much. Pei Xingjian got 500 silks for this. Pei Xingjian once said to someone, "Chu Suiliang has a poor writing style and has never studied a book. Only Yu Shinan is brilliant. " (Biography of Pei Xingjian in the Old Tang Dynasty) His view that literature and art should precede literature and art still has certain practical significance. Pei Xingjian wrote 20 volumes of anthology and wrote tens of thousands of words in "Weeds Book".

Pei Xingjian is also familiar with yin and yang and arithmetic, and he should choose an auspicious day every time he goes out. Pei Xingjian is also very accurate in identifying talents. When he was an assistant minister in the official department, Wang Jinshi Opera and Su Weidao in the previous dynasty were not well-known. Pei Xingjian met them by chance, and felt that he was not a leisurely generation, and he had special respect for them. He said to them, "The second son should also be in charge of Quanheng." (Biography of the Old Tang King Bolie) and said: "I have a rest in my later years, but I wish I could not watch it grow up. After living in Hengshi for more than ten years, I want to remember this generation. " (Biography of Pei Xingjian in Old Tang Dynasty) At that time, Wang Xi's younger brother, as well as Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo, were all famous for their literary talents. Li, assistant minister of the official department, spoke highly of the four men, but after meeting them, Pei Xingjian said, "A scholar should be far-sighted, knowledge first, and then literature and art". For example, although he is talented, he is impetuous and dazzling. How can he enjoy the title? Tim is very depressed, but the commander is the longest, and the rest are not allowed to die. "Later, Su Weidao successively made the official department, fell into the water and drowned, and Yang Jiong died in Yingchuan county magistrate. Lu committed suicide by drowning due to illness, and Wang Luobing was put to death for rebellion. Everything is as Pei Xingjian said.

In addition, there are many legends about the Pei family. For example, the opera Out of the Wall at once is about the Pei Xingjian family, but Pei Xingjian became a villain in the play.

Historically, Pei Xingjian was known as a general of Confucianism, and only Liu Neng was compared with him at that time. The history books say: "In the Jin Dynasty, the general was appointed, and he was kind in words, rites, music, poems and books". The master plan of husband's tactics, the great experience of military strategists, the survival of the country, and the power of government decrees can be easily awarded by Feng Zhongzhi's strength, courage and tiger violence! Therefore, Wang Meng and Zhuge Liang helped the poor lanes, drove away heroes, pointed to the right and outlined maps, instead of doing the opposite, shielding intellectual contingency and using their ears appropriately. Liu Lecheng and Pei Wenxi, with elegant strategies, have no desire for xi Xian, and they have great wisdom in governing Rong An, and Confucianism will be a hero. " (Biography of Pei Xingjian in Old Tang Dynasty)

Pei Xingjian's military career is only eleven years, and he has only commanded three battles, but he still left a wealth of military thoughts, which are worth learning and learning from later military strategists.

Pei Xingjian's military thought: 1, the military thought of seeking before fighting and winning with wisdom. Pei Xingjian is familiar with the art of war and knows the truth that "soldiers are cunning". Therefore, in all previous elections, he always outsmarted others. Or cross the sea, conceal the intention of fighting, paralyze the other side, and then attack it unprepared and win the first world war; Or use a "Trojan horse plan" to lure Turks into submission by disguising grain trucks; Or use it in an attack to capture fighters in time. The three major battles concentrated on this idea, especially the "Trojan Horse Plan". Pei Xingjian, Li Guangbi and Zhang Xun were the only three famous artists in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, wisdom is the most representative military thought of Pei Xingjian. 2. Advocate the strategic thought of "cautious war" and not fighting uncertain war. This is most prominent when dealing with the Tubo issue. At that time, the Tubo Sambo died, and the eight-year-old Qinu Xi Nong succeeded to the throne. And Tang Gaozong only saw the new Tubo king, seemingly unstable, and wanted to seize the opportunity to attack Tubo. However, Pei Xingjian knew that the Tubo was United internally and the ministers were harmonious, especially the Qin Mausoleum, which was in power, fought like a god and defeated Tang Jun many times. If the imperial court invaded rashly, it would be defeated, so he advised Tang Gaozong not to send troops. Tang Gaozong accepted his suggestion and avoided unnecessary losses. 3, a calm and calm general style. Although Pei Xingjian was born in a civilian family, he always took his time and gave orders whenever there was a major event. When Pei Xingjian set out for Ashnado, he had to pass through the desert. As a result, the guide went the wrong way because of the sandstorm, and the situation was very critical. However, Pei Xingjian seems to have a lot of self-control. After camping, he pretended to be pious and told his men, "Spring is not far away." (Biography of Pei Xingjian in the New Tang Dynasty) Hearing this, the soldiers were all relieved. Soon the clouds were calm, and a hundred paces away, the water plants were rich and beautiful. Everyone admires it and compares it to Li Guangli, the general of the Second Division of the Western Han Dynasty. Later, when he led the army to raid Ashnadu's teeth, he did not rush to attack, but made Ashnadu have an illusion and then fought for Ashnadu without bloodshed. In addition, when conquering Ashna's thoughts, people can imagine his demeanor. He said, "Now, if I am temperate, don't ask me like this." . 3. Take the operational guidance of slowing down first and then rushing, paralyze the other side, then take it by surprise, implement continuous operations, and make a quick decision. During the three expeditions, Pei Xingjian created the illusion of delaying the westward advance and hunting; Or disguise a grain truck to lure the enemy into submission; Or skillfully use deviant tactics in order to confuse and paralyze each other. When the enemy relaxes his guard, he will take surprise attack tactics to advance quickly, making the enemy unprepared and completely passive, and then continue to fight, make a quick decision, and strive for the greatest victory in the shortest time and at the least cost. 4. Be good at using the room to break the enemy. Celebrities of past dynasties came forth in large numbers, such as Tian Dan, Wang Jian, Wei Xiaokuan and Sheng. When the two sides are deadlocked, users can often wait for a surprise effect. Pei Xingjian won a great victory with a small experiment. 5. Be generous to others and be good at comforting others. Although this point is not clearly recorded in the history books, it can be seen from several things. When he conquered Ashnadu, Pei Xingjian trained the temporarily recruited warriors into regular troops in a short time, which shows the high level of training. Pei Xingjian once ordered his entourage to get rhinoceros horn and musk, but the result was nothing. Another emperor ordered Pei Xingjian to be rewarded with a set of horses and saddles. When I sent it, I sent the book of rites, because the horse ran too fast, and the horse fell and the saddle was broken. Both of them escaped. Pei Xingjian sent someone to call them back and comfort them, saying, "Is there anything unimportant about Ercao? All wrong ears. " (Biography of Pei Xingjian in the Old Tang Dynasty) and put it out of position. When Ashnard was pacified, Tang Jun seized a lot of treasures, and the Hu leaders and Tang Jun soldiers wanted to feast their eyes. Pei Xingjian then held a special banquet for everyone to watch. Among the treasures is an agate dish, which is more than two feet wide and radiant. When Wang Xiulie, the military attache, took the plate up the steps, he fell down and broke the plate. Wang Xiulie was so scared that she kowtowed again and again that even her blood flowed out. However, Pei Xingjian didn't even look sorry, and said, "If it's not for this reason, why not!" (Biography of Pei Xingjian in the Old Tang Dynasty) Pei Xingjian also distributed more than 3,000 pieces of gold assets and more than 3,000 livestock donated by Tang Gaozong to relatives and friends within a few days, which was of great value. 6. A large number of military talents have been discovered and trained. Besides being good at knowing people, Pei Xingjian also discovered and trained a large number of military talents, such as Zhang, Cui Zhibian, Party, Liu Jingtong, Guo, Li Duozuo and Hei Chi Changzhi. These people later established immortal feats for the Tang Dynasty, and they were all great names of a generation. There are only dozens of officials in the secretariat and general. . 7. Be good at theory and summing up experience. Pei Xingjian studied Sun Tzu's Art of War with Su in his early years, and he had profound attainments in military theory. Besides, he is a civilian, so he is good at summing up experience. Pei Xingjian once wrote ten volumes of Selected Spectrum of Sun Tzu's Art of War, which recorded 46 strategies such as arranging barracks, arranging array, deciding whether to win or lose, and screening equipment. Later, Wu Zetian ordered the secretary to take all this away from Pei's house and hide it in the palace, which failed to be handed down. I'm sorry.