China knowledge

1, 【 Four Masters in Early Tang Dynasty 】 Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo in Early Tang Dynasty. Both of them are good at poetry and writing, which has played a great role in changing the style of floating poetry since Qi and Liang Dynasties.

2. [Pastoral Poetry School] A school of poetry formed during the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years in the Tang Dynasty. Poetry is characterized by expressing feelings for mountains and rivers and praising rural life. Representative writers include Wang Wei and Meng Haoran.

3. [Frontier Poetry School] A poetry school formed during the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years in the Tang Dynasty. Representative writers include Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wang Changling and Li Qi. Because of the experience of frontier fortress life, their poems mostly write about frontier fortress exotic scenery and the life of officers and men, and their style is bold and romantic.

4. [Du Li] Tang Dynasty poets Li Bai and Du Fu. Li Bai is known as a "poetic fairy", and his poems are full of positive romantic spirit; Du Fu is known as a "poet saint", and his poems are full of strong realistic spirit.

5. [Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties] Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan were eight masters in Song Dynasty, including Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong (named after Mao Kun's Notes of Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties in Ming Dynasty).

6. [Bold School] A major school of Song Ci. It was initiated by Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty and reached its peak by Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty. Bold and unconstrained ci has a wide range of themes, great momentum, open realm and unrestrained (important writers include Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhang, etc. ).

7. [Graceful School] A major school of Song Ci. Representative writers include Zhou Bangyan, Liu Yong, Qin Guan and Li Qingzhao. Graceful words are narrow in subject matter, mostly about men's and women's love and personal experience, with twists and turns, implicit implication and beautiful language.

8. [Four Great Writers in Yuan Dynasty] Four famous playwrights in Yuan Dynasty: Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan and Zheng Guangzu.

9. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is an excellent collection of China ancient classical Chinese short stories created by Pu Songling in Qing Dynasty. This book has 49 1 articles.

10, Romance of the Three Kingdoms is not only Zhang Hui's first novel in China; It is also China's most accomplished historical novel. It's called the popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, also called Romance of the Three Kingdoms. It was compiled by Luo Guanzhong according to Chen Shou's History of the Three Kingdoms and legendary materials. Together with Water Margin and The Journey to the West's Dream of Red Mansions, it is called "the four classical novels, the classical novels of China".

Luo Guanzhong was an outstanding novelist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty.

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms consists of 24 volumes and 240 articles. It describes the contradictions and struggles between feudal political groups in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and even the whole Three Kingdoms period. The plots such as Guan Yu killed Hua Xiong with warm wine, Liu Bei's visit to Caotang, Red Cliff War and Empty City Plan have successfully shaped typical images with distinctive personalities represented by Cao Cao, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Liu Bei.

1 1, The Water Margin is the first novel describing the peasant uprising in China's novel history. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Shi Naian processed and recreated it.

The legend of General Baidan in the Water Margin is that there are thirty-six highest day stars and seventy-two earth stars reincarnated. Among them are Lin Chong, Lu, jy, Song Jiang, Wu Yong, Yang Zhi, Yan Qing and Shi Xiu.

12, The Journey to the West is China's first miraculous novel, written by Wu Cheng'en, a famous novelist in Ming Dynasty.

Journey to the west, a total of one hundred times. The main plots include the Monkey King's birth, traveling to seek Tao, breaking into the Dragon Palace, stirring the underworld, and making a scene in Heaven. The Monkey King was forced to convert to Buddhism and protect the Tang Priest's scriptures. With the help of Bajie and Friar Sand, he cut off the demons all the way. After 81 difficulties, he finally saved the day and retrieved the true scriptures in the Western Heaven, which became the "positive result" of repairing the letter.

Journey to the West takes the story of Tang Priest's scriptures as a clue. The hero is the Monkey King, a monkey, Tang Priest, Bajie and Friar Sand.

13, A Dream of Red Mansions is the best classical novel in China. The book consists of 120 chapters. The first eighty chapters were written by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty, and the last forty chapters were generally considered by Gao E.

This novel describes the love tragedy of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu and the decline process of Jia, Wang, Shi and Xue, reflects the cruel class oppression in feudal society, exposes the darkness and decay of feudal system, and shows the historical trend of its inevitable collapse. While criticizing the feudal society, he enthusiastically praised the rebels of the feudal system.

Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu are two typical examples with rebellious spirit. Major figures such as Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu, Xue Baochai and Wang Xifeng have become immortal artistic models. The whole book takes the love of Bao and Dai and the decline of Jia family as clues.

First, commonly used loanwords:

1, Mulberry: Hometown

2. Li Tao: Students

3. State and Xuanyuan: State

4. Nanguan: prisoners

5. Classmate: Classmate

6. Mist: War

7. Women

8. Four Books: Music

9. Men: Men

Chang 'e: The Moon

1 1, brother: brother

12, history: history

13, husband and wife: husband and wife

14, Ding Bai, Buyi people: people.

15, bent, yellow hair: old man

16, Sang Ma: Farming

17, Support, Care: Children

18, three feet: method

Below the knee: parents.

20. canopy: luck

2 1, letters, letters, notes, Hongyan, Zagreb: letters

22. Temple: imperial court

Second, the author's works:

1, eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong.

2. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, also known as "Liu Han", were advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty.

3. Father and son poets: Su Xun (Lao Su), Su Shi (Da Su) and Su Zhe (Xiao Su).

4. Bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, also known as "Su Xin"; Graceful poetess: Li Qingzhao (poetess)

5. Du Li: Li Bai and Du Fu. Xiao: Li Shangyin and Du Mu.

6. Qu Yuan: the earliest great poet in China. He initiated the new poetic style of "Chu Ci" and the romantic style of China's poetry.

7. Confucius, named Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He is the founder of Confucianism, known as "Confucius Sage" and Mencius as "Yasheng", both of whom are called "Confucius and Mencius".

8. Su Shi praised Wang Wei for "painting in poetry and poetry in painting."

9. Du Fu was a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty. His poems reflect the social reality extensively and profoundly, and are called "the history of poetry", so Du Fu is honored as a "poet saint". There are three famous officials: Tongguan officials, Shi Hao officials and Xin 'an officials. "Three Farewells": wedding farewell, farewell to the old and welcome the new, and homelessness.

10. China's first biographical general history is Historical Records (also known as Taishi Gongshu), written by Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty. Lu Xun called Historical Records "the swan song of historians", including: 12 biographies, 30, 70 and 650.

1 1, Four Histories: Historical Records, Han History, Later Han History, History of the Three Kingdoms.

12, four masters of the Yuan Dynasty: Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan.

13, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is the first excellent collection of short stories in classical Chinese in China, written by Pu Songling, a famous novelist in Qing Dynasty. "Liaozhai" is the name of his library, "Zhi" is a narrative, and "Alien" is a strange thing.

14. Four great calligraphers: Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun and Zhao Mengfu.

15, the main schools and their representatives in the Warring States Period:

Confucianism: Confucius and Mencius

Legalist: Han Feizi

Taoism: Zhuangzi and Liezi.

Mohist school: Mozi

16, four masters in the Southern Song Dynasty: Lu You, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda and You Mao.

17, frontier poets: Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wang Changling.

18, Tang Zong: Taizong Li Shimin Song Zu: Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin Qin Huang: Qin Shihuang Ying Zheng Hanwu: Han Wudi Liu Che.

19. The first pastoral poet in China was Tao Yuanming (Tao Qian) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He "does not bow down for five buckets of rice."

20. Four misers in world literature: Grandet, Shylock, Overflow Higgins and Abalone.

2 1, a typical miser in China: Yan Jiansheng.

Third, the most China literature:

The earliest collection of poems was The Book of Songs.

The earliest patriotic poet was Qu Yuan;

The earliest pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

The earliest and most outstanding frontier poets were Gao Shi and Cen Can in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

The most outstanding uninhibited poet in ancient times was Su Shi in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The most outstanding poetess in ancient times was Li Qingzhao in the Southern Song Dynasty.

The most famous patriotic poet in ancient times was Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty.

The greatest romantic poet in ancient times was Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty.

The greatest realistic poet in ancient times was Du Fu in Tang Dynasty.

The patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times was Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty.

The most famous novel in ancient times was The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en in the Ming Dynasty.

The most famous historical novel in ancient times is The Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong in the early Ming Dynasty.

The earliest novel of peasant uprising in ancient times was Shi Naian's Water Margin at the end of Yuan and the beginning of Ming Dynasty.

The greatest realistic novel in ancient times was A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty.

The most outstanding satirical novel in ancient times is Wu's Scholars in Qing Dynasty.

The most outstanding collection of classical short stories in ancient China is Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Qing Dynasty.

The earliest recorded prose in ancient times was The Analects of Confucius.

The earliest chronicle work in ancient times was Zuo Zhuan.

The earliest biographical history in ancient times was Historical Records.

The most outstanding inscription in ancient times was Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription in Tang Dynasty.

The greatest writer in modern times is Lu Xun;

The most outstanding novel in modern times is Midnight by Mao Dun.

The most influential collection of short stories in modern times is Lu Xun's Scream.

A Brief Introduction to heavenly stems and earthly branches Chronology

In order to cooperate with readers to appreciate and learn Mr. Zhao Da's "Memphis Longgang Pro-Righteousness Place Sacrifices to Grave-sweepers" (see Tennessee News, B2 Edition, May 15), here is a brief explanation of the chronology of heavenly stems and earthly branches.

Heavenly stems and earthly branches is called "trunk" for short, and its meaning is taken from the trunk and branches of trees.

There are ten dry days: A, B, C, D, E (wù), Ji, G, Xin, Ren (rén) and Gui (Gu ǐ);

Twelve earthly branches: Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao (mǐ o), Chen (chén), Si (sǐ), Wu, Wei (wèi), Shen, You (yǒu), Xu (xū) and Hai.

Heavenly stems and earthly branches is combined into the following sixty timing serial numbers as the names of calendar year, month, day and hour, which is called "chronology of cadres and branches".

Hexagonal subsequence

1234567891/A, B, C, Yin, Ding Mao, Chen Wuji, Geng Wuweixin, Ren Shen, Gui You

10 Jia Haibing lilac hairy symplectic tortoise tail

20 Yiyou Ding Zi Ugly Geng Mao Ghost Department

Wu Jia Yi Bei did not apply for Ding You, the Reform Movement of 1898, Ji Hai Geng Zi, Xin Chou, Ren Yin and Gui Mao.

40 Chen Jiayi Wu Bing Ding Wei Ji Shen You Gengyi Xinhai talent ghost fund

50 Jia Maobing, Chen Dingwu, has not been cherished by Guihai.

The chronology takes sixty years as a cycle in turn. Chronology of cadres and branches The New Year began in beginning of spring in 2009, and February 4th began in Lichun, so February 4th, 2009 was the ugly year after beginning of spring, before which it should be the Year of Wuzi. People who are not familiar with this point are prone to make mistakes, so pay special attention.

How to convert the AD calendar year into the main branch calendar year;

Different data have different algorithms, some give formulas, but they are essentially the same thing. Here is a simple and intuitive algorithm.

First, give each aerial stem and aerial branch a number, and sort them from 4, with aerial stem 10 followed by 1. Ground branch 12 is followed by 1.

Tiangan: A 4, B 5, C 6, D 7, E 8, Jiu 9, Geng 10, Xin 1, Ren 2, Gui 3.

Gezhi: Zi 4, Ugly 5, Yin 6, Mao 7, Chen 8, Si 9, Wu 10, Wei 1, Shen 12, You1,Xu 2, Hai 3.

Find out the heavenly stems corresponding to the mantissa of the AD year, then divide the AD year by 12, and find out the earthly branches corresponding to the remainder among the earthly branches that are inexhaustible, and get the AD year ... For example, in 2003, its mantissa was 3, and the corresponding heavenly stems were "decyl"; Divide 2003 by 12 to get 166, the remainder is 1 1, and the corresponding branch is not. So 2003 is the year of "Ghost Guard". Please note that this refers to the year after beginning of spring in 2003, and before beginning of spring, it should be a "noon" year. Mr. Wang pointed out in "Sacrifice to the Dead" that Qingming is the fourth solar term (beginning of spring, rain, fright, vernal equinox and Qingming) after beginning of spring, so Mr. Zhao said that one year is dead, not in the afternoon.

Heavenly stems and earthly branches chronology can record year, month, day and hour at the same time, which are called "year column, moon column, sun column and time column" respectively. These eight words are commonly known as "eight characters". A person's horoscope is a four-column record of his birth time. The month, day and time of the calendar year of cadres and branches are not used much, so interested readers can consult relevant materials.

The twelve earthly branches correspond to the zodiac, namely, mouse, ugly cow, silver tiger, hairy rabbit, dragon, snake, afternoon horse, sheep, monkey, chicken, dog and pig.

Time flies like water-it's gone forever.

Try to crow-open your throat and try to crow.

Rongpin Golden Mirror-the face in the mirror is aging. Gold mirror, bronze mirror.

Obsessed-confused, confused.

Tremble-(1) describes the appearance of trembling with fear.

(2) describe the appearance of caution.

Perfect-complete and beautiful, with no shortcomings.

Supreme-the highest, no higher.

Do your best.-do your best.

Due diligence-do your job well and do your best.

Despise yourself-you underestimate yourself too much.

Beyond reproach-there is no reason to blame. Show that words and deeds are reasonable.

Sweaty-sweaty. Describe being very scared or very scared. Now I also describe a lot of sweat, and the clothes on my back are soaked.

Barren land-a wasteland without vegetation or crops. Describe desolation and barren.

I can't wait to see through-my eyes are going through. Describe ardent hope.

Wishful thinking-thinking about the impossible. It also refers to stupid and absurd ideas.

Complaining about others-Heaven: Destiny, Fate; You: Resentment, blame. It refers to complaining and blaming others blindly when encountering setbacks or problems.

Schadenfreude-fortunately: happy. Refers to people who lack goodwill and feel happy when others encounter disasters.

Live within your means-application: enough, enough. Income is not enough to spend.

Nothing more than-nothing more than this range; There are no exceptions.

Sparkling-describes flashing.

There are many forests-there are many descriptions.

Colorful-brilliant and colorful.

Be bigger-describe doing things carelessly.

Stunned-staring at the eyes and unable to speak, describing embarrassment or shock.

To linger is a metaphor for barely surviving.

Meditation-deep thinking.

Indecision-the metaphor of indecision.

This metaphor is very subtle and accurate. (especially articles and performances. )

Deeply grieved-describe very sad.

Bored-feeling bored and helpless.

Looking at the ocean and sighing-the original meaning refers to lamenting one's inferiority in front of major events. Now it is a metaphor to do something without enough strength and feel helpless. Looking at the sea, looking up at the sky.

Amazing weather-describing all kinds of scenery and things, very spectacular.

Touching with dreams-describe deep thoughts and reach the point of caring in dreams.

Touching the scene-moved by the scene in front of you, making your mood fluctuate and sentimental.

Its moments of beauty-good times, beautiful scenery.

I can't help it-I just feel natural and can't control myself.

Nervous-extremely uneasy.

Return in vain-refers to failure or dissatisfaction, and come back dejectedly. Break, destroy, hurt.

Failure-failure near success.

Fall short-a metaphor for an event that requires only the last bit of manpower and material resources and cannot be successful.

Self-satisfaction-describes happiness and satisfaction.

Relocation-I am used to living in one place and refuse to move easily.

Return home in clothes-return home in clothes. Show off in your hometown after you get rich.

Review of common words in junior middle school Chinese

Interpretation of interests, expectation of ups and downs, true meaning, definite curtain, graceful fence of gentlemen, broad fence, chiseling childish mountains and rivers, wanton and unrestrained, mending sleepiness, successful wrinkles, admiring traces, provocative leap, beautiful moat, complete brewing and clear smoke. The title of algae is attached to the title of royal employment, incense burning and attachment. Listening, begging, pushing, winning the guests' vicissitudes, being tall and tough, being tall and graceful, sketching roughly, moving around, looking gloomy, being shocked by the nature, praying for being left out, dispelling family members, cursing and pecking, preventing terrorism from being huge, long-lost, absurd, narrow-minded, passionate and contemptuous, secreting melancholy, attachment, reading, tossing and turning, apologizing, having a different bird's eye view and dredging gardenia. The lazy referee talks about bones in horror, chews and whimpers, embellishes tenacity, simplicity and humility, entrusts appreciation, embodies consideration, respects docility, agility, exquisiteness, dormancy and mystery, and colorful banners dominate the dance performance, splashing and covering the handover. Messy, stumbling, trivial, crystal clear, dark, fragrant and alcoholic, lazy, arrogant, fond of slander, dedicated to Shan Lan, listening to the flashing, dazzling, burning, energetic, brave, dry, lush, pumping like bare soil, gloomy, desolate, startled and contemptuous roof. Stubborn enchanting jade moans entwined and sacrificed embryonic spy starch huge hard-working servant anonymous strange killing skilled in knowing how to enrich and spacious overlooking recreation cough button to wash the false knowledge of Zen master's servant girl, insist on slavery, recommend envy. Becoming a parrot by blasphemy, relying on treasure, fatigue, comfort, stumbling, making money, shyness, achievement, holding candles, extortion, mourning, namelessness, cooking, instigating rags, shivering, financial difficulties, hiding black silk scarves, panic, writing the ambition of heaven, making profits, being magnificent, fragrant, burning and fading petals. Curl up the whirlpool, roast the rhinoceros tip, indulge in Zhong Ding's stumbling, accumulate the troubles and haggard of the next day, splash the benefits of Gu Ni's handmaiden, abandon the alms bowl, seek symmetrical Zen, gallop and whip, look forward to the depression of standing upright, narrow and familiar acupuncture cells paralyze me to catch a glimpse of eating, I am on the edge of thinking, I am angry, I am disappointed, and I am rude at the moment. Extra restraint, imprisonment, title page, barking, the shackles of Buddhism, stranded mandarin fish, supplying Guihaishan, choking, screaming, drying up, responding to his teachings, bribery, telling the truth, impeaching seedlings, raising toads, being arrogant and greedy, destroying the embryonic form of the bird's nest, destroying bad luck and ravines, And the rules are extremely stubbornly absorbed by frustrated snipers soaking in cramped stationery, silent puppet backbone tricks, fermented japonica rice proofreaders lamenting the fetters, funny to Jinan, sometimes struggling with bright escorts, comforting embarrassment, very imprisonment, deep-rooted dredging of the oil threshold, bird's-eye view of high-pitched Hummer Lu Chun invading, cultivating, peeping at armour, abiding by the deep red pattern, being filled with emotion, shielding the burly outline, coming to Chicago, carving, naked branding, making trouble, dying, converging, stumbling, and listening to antelope killing mountains. Reckless and haggard, the bonfire in the morning is noisy and quiet, the anchor is full, and the contempt is vague and strange. Suddenly she looked charming and hazy, and the rag complained about the resentment of childbirth. Together, it is embarrassing and muddy, the discouragement of flowers and the simulated intimacy and love of buds, brewing stubborn and rampant rest quirks. It is comparable to a neighboring ship slapping a roaring handkerchief and landing harmoniously. Ding Ling hates laziness and miracles. Adobe leaks and plagiarizes. Up to now, the image of beauty is stingy, hackers are comfortable, books are squatting, woodcutter is ridiculous, dental caries is ridiculous, and tea is different. Fear and dive, quilt envy enchanting, resentment leap soil, slender and wise, like Cleisthenes swaying songs, washing messy songs, back to the villa, leaning against the north wind, instigating chills, reeling in an instant. After all, the peony key lobbies for corrosion. Incite dry floor, fold books, forgive hobbies, devour brains, travel deeply, and show trifles. Please stick on Ting Yun, decadence and flogging, flogging buttocks, collapsing tapeworms, sneezing and sadness, laughing and laughing, and the barrier fluff is nurtured by ancient tacit understanding.