Enlightenment of Three Women's Fates in White Tiger Pass

-Speech at the Reading Meeting of South China Academy of Zhangye Library

? "White Tiger Pass" is the final work of teacher Xue Mo's "Desert Trilogy". Published by Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House in 2008; 20 13, Central Compilation Press 2nd Edition. Today, the third edition of China Encyclopedia Publishing House has also appeared. It is no accident that a novel reflecting the western countryside is so popular with readers. A book can only enter that world if the reader opens it himself. I hope my speech today can also be an opportunity for some friends to enter that world.

In the spring of 20 13, Baihuguan was opened for the first time. At that time, I never thought that I would open a world. I feel as if I have fallen into a dream, but I have never been awake outside that dream: I clearly feel that I don't have myself and everything seems to be mine; I am clearly watching other people's stories coldly, but I feel that those stories have happened to me. Because of this unique reading experience, I will resonate with Shi Xue's works many times in the future. Here are a few key words to share my thoughts on reading The Legend of the White Tiger.

Keywords:: white tiger tells the fate of women

Baihuguan

? Biography of the White Tiger still inherits the consistent style of Xue Mo's novel creation, and it is also a novel full of metaphors and symbols. As a native work of Liangdu, I think it is very necessary to study, interpret and study it. Why did Baihuguan take such a name? After reading this book, I realized that everything inside and outside the "Pass" is scenery.

First of all, in our traditional culture, there are four celestial phenomena, namely, four beasts, which guard four directions respectively: East Qinglong, West White Tiger, South Suzaku and North Xuanwu. So the white tiger refers to the west, the west. Baihuguan's creation background is Hexi Corridor, which happens to be "located in the west". Second, the west belongs to divination, and the five acts are golden. Therefore, "White Tiger Pass" also refers to Qian Pass, representing people's desires. As written in the novel, the farming civilization in Shawan village in the west, which was swept by the wave of market economy, faced one desire challenge after another with the discovery of gold mines. The third meaning, in folklore, there is a woman who says it is the reincarnation of the white tiger. It is unlucky to marry such a woman. Therefore, there is a folk saying that "a dragon can kill his wife and a white tiger can kill his husband". Therefore, because of the early death of Han Tou, it laid the groundwork for people to think that Ying Er was a "white tiger" and also laid another foreshadowing for her tragic fate. The fourth layer means that the white tiger is evil, but if it can be used by me, it represents authority. In legends and myths, many people surrender evil spirits and become guardians. Therefore, "White Tiger Pass" is not only an insurmountable barrier, but also an opportunity for people to surpass the present and overcome themselves. Of course, for Biography of the White Tiger, there may be other profound meanings, which need us to read and think deeply.

woman

? Shakespeare said in Hamlet, "Woman, your name is weakness." Therefore, once people talk about women, women, the first thing that comes to mind is weakness, a weak image. Beauvoir, a French existentialist writer, once wrote a book The Second Sex. She calls women "the second sex". In her view, women are not born, but cultivated. This illustrates the importance of the acquired environment from another angle. However, in the Buddhist scriptures, the Buddha has different explanations for this. The Nirvana Sutra says: "The Tathagata is the law of the husband. If there are sentient beings, I don't know if I hold the Tathagata. Although I am a man, I say this generation is a woman. If there is a woman, I can know that I hold the Tathagata. Although I am a daughter, I said that this person is a man. " It is very interesting to distinguish men and women from the perspective of Farr's nature, regardless of human skin appearance. Everyone has Buddha nature and has the premise of knowing the truth. The question is, can you overcome yourself and enter the truth? If you can surpass yourself, you are a gentleman.

In White Tiger Pass, Mr. Xue Mo created three very beautiful images of daughters in the west, all of whom are very vivid daughters. Ying Er, Lan Lan, Yue Er. They all have one thing in common: kindness, simplicity, contempt for fame and fortune and sentimentality. In the era when the White Tiger Pass was frozen, all the lotus flowers came out of the dust, with a refined beauty that was out of tune with the surrounding area. It is this disharmony of beauty, that is, their deep desire for love and freedom is in great contrast with the external environment that stifles their daughter's sexual desire, which forms a conflict and leads to their tragic fate. Among these female characters, especially Yinger, her personality is the most distinctive. She looks like Lin's sister. Perhaps, in this world, there really is a kind of daughter, which is made of water. They are fairies who fall into the mortal world, spotless and clean. However, such a person often has an ill-fated fate in this world.

We know that everyone has his spirit. This is especially true for the three women in White Tiger Pass, but their spirit, temperament and charm are different. If Yinger has the temperament of bluegrass, she combines fragrance, freshness, aura and delicacy, while Yueer has the charm of sunflower. She is passionate, full of vitality and tension of life, always facing the sun, and the sun is shining. Then, the most striking thing about blue is the spirit of Achnatherum splendens. Very common, can be seen everywhere in the western wilderness; It is also very simple, that is, just brushing a handful of grass, but there is a kind of resilience in life. This tenacity is enough to make it resist everything. Whether in the harsh natural environment or in the harsh living conditions, its body can sway involuntarily in the hurricane, but its roots cannot be shaken. In order to live with dignity, it can tolerate all loneliness and loneliness. Even if there is no one around, it is the only one. In the sunset, it will shine into the most beautiful scenery.

First, Yinger: Although the soul overflows with dust and fragrance.

? She is called "Flower Fairy", a woman from born to love, and also a woman with a neat soul. She changed her parents and married Han Tou, who was dull by nature and suffered from physical diseases. In the stagnant rural life, she fell in love with the handsome brother-in-law Ling Guan. Han Tou died of illness. After Lingguan left, in order to protect her love dream, she even promised to marry Liezi, Lingguan's second brother. She thought, no matter what, it was for Lingguan or her family. But after that dream was shattered, she was forced by her mother and married the butcher Zhao San. So, on the wedding day, Yinger refused to swallow opium and chose a road of no return. . .

As the finale of the trilogy of the whole desert, the suicide of female No.1 "Yinger" enveloped the whole "desert" in sadness. Some people like it, others don't. Some people think Yinger doesn't deserve to die, while others think Yinger must die. People who say Ying Er doesn't deserve to die think it's better to die than to live, and there is hope to live. People who say that Ying Er must die believe that Ying Er, who is pure in character, kind-hearted, has a gentleman's integrity and a serious spiritual cleanliness, must die. She doesn't belong to this world, especially the last two points, which directly led to her tragic fate of "life is worse than death". At the same time, her death also reflects the author's compassion and wisdom-fixed by destruction and immortal by death. But the cause of a thing is not unilateral. Looking at some tragedies around us or in history, which suicides are not caused by "homicide" and which killings are not caused by "suicide"? Therefore, Yinger's death seems to be threatened by her mother, but the fundamental reason is her cowardly character and deep-rooted concept of filial piety, which is the product of history and culture and needs our vigilance. Otherwise, falling into collective unconsciousness will easily lead to tragedy unconsciously. We advocate filial piety, but not ignorance. Therefore, both filial piety and love need wisdom.

Yinger's mother caused her daughter's tragedy. So, should we blame her? Yes! However, in my opinion, in the world of Baihuguan, the most pitiful thing is actually not Yinger, but Yinger's mother. Once, she was also a fairy, beautiful, strong and capable, but in the end, she became filthy day by day. No way, in the world where men have the final say, her man is disappointing and her son is disappointing. She can't change anything by herself.

For Yinger's tragic ending, we can't help but talk about her love. I can't comment on her soul-stirring and heartless love with Lingguan. On the one hand, it is a moral tradition formed for thousands of years, on the other hand, it is the suppression and destruction of human nature. After all, there is nothing wrong with true love. If Yinger insists on "marriage" without love, although it caters to the moral judgment standards of the world, it is obviously unfair and immoral for her such a vivid and real life. As an individual, she has the right to pursue love.

Yinger is dead, but her vividness and pain make us cry every time we think about it. And what she left us will always be a clear spirit, the way she sang the flowers in her heart, just like an orchid, the flowers withered, but its fragrance remained in the air.

Second, the moon: this heart is not born with the rising sun.

? She is the most beautiful girl in Shawan Village. She is sunny, simple and kind. She has a yearning and wants to see the outside world. But after she went out, she came back soon, covered in scars. Later, when her disease began to spread and her skin began to fester, she burned herself in the desert. What she left to people is always her beautiful side, just like a sunflower, always positive and facing the sunrise.

For Shagara, who has given birth to her children for twenty years, she said that there are only two ways: to suffocate or to live happily like her parents without feeling pain. Therefore, she was deeply impressed by Lingguan's going out and expressed her deep understanding. Moon, like Lingguan, is one of the few young people who can feel the suffocation of that desert. She also discussed with Lingguan to go out to the city to do clothing business, from which we can see that she has ideas and ambitions. But she finally compromised and sighed, "alas! Girls might as well not study, really. Marrying a muddleheaded person will last a lifetime. As soon as I study, I know more and have more troubles. " Her contradictions and helplessness jumped from the page. Why? I think the root cause is still not out of the traditional concept of "marry a Han, dress and eat". In contrast, the moon, although literate, ended up like an old hen in the yard, flapping its wings a few times and then resting. Therefore, the process of chasing dreams is a long and difficult process, which requires a kind of life toughness, a wise choice, a disregard for the left and right, and a kind of soul pain. She has to bear the doubts and ridicule of people around her. The question is whether you can know him and yourself. Can you persist firmly?

The moon didn't realize this. She doesn't have enough self-awareness and independent personality, and she doesn't have her own life orientation. She knows nothing about this city. Therefore, her departure was blind. You need qualifications to escape. So on the one hand, the moon has yearning, but all her yearning is to marry a man in the city. She pinned everything on an invisible man in this city. She naively thought there was a place for her in the reinforced concrete building. On the other hand, it is also because of her "emptiness". This kind of "emptiness" has both vanity of character and emptiness of mind, which is also a status quo of many young people in this era. When a person doesn't know what he wants to do, what he wants to do and what he can do, he is most likely to get lost and go with the flow. So such a girl as beautiful as flowers and pure as jade, after going to the city in confusion, will inevitably become the prey of some men. Therefore, it is reasonable that she finally got an STD and went back to her hometown.

Recently, when thinking about the fate of women in White Tiger Pass, I realized that it was not the writer who gave them a tragic fate, but the inevitability of their fate. Teacher Xue Mo repeatedly stressed in the department of "Mind Learning" that when the heart changes, life will also change. What is life? Life is a choice. The first time I saw The Legend of the White Tiger, I didn't like the moon and thought she was too vain. Later, I watched it again, only to find that in the desert world, the moon will inevitably have such an idea. She is very beautiful. She grew up with praise. When I grow up, I will tell my fortune, saying that her life is good and more expensive than that of an empress. This invisible influence has planted superior seeds for her than the girls in the same village. So she was unwilling. However, no one told her how to choose. Finally, after being deceived into getting sick, she calmly thought about her fate.

The beauty of the moon lies in her final strength, and the beauty lies in her direct face after seeing through life and death. She is a real soldier! Because death is the separation of soul and body, and it is everyone's greatest fear. It takes wisdom to see through it. Yinger's death is a kind of despair, an anger, a kind of giving up after she has no strength to compete, but Yueer is not. The moon died with a smile. Her indifference, tragic beauty and tragic beauty make everyone respect her. When I read that paragraph, my eyes were blurred. Therefore, the moon is soaring with its soul after burning its own pile of rotten skin. What is written in the book has the feeling of phoenix nirvana.

3. Light blue: Sargassum stands in the wind.

? Light light blue is a very important heroine in teacher Xue Mo's desert trilogy. Especially in The Legend of the White Tiger, there is a lot of pen and ink about her. She changed hands with Yinger and married Yinger's brother Bai Fu. Bai Fumei was a very typical western man at that time. According to Lao Shun, he works very efficiently, like an ox. However, he is also a savage through and through. His greatest feature is gambling. When he is in a bad mood, he will beat his wife like a donkey. However, it is such a humble person who has done an earth-shattering thing. He heard that his daughter couldn't attract her younger brother because she was reincarnated as a fox, so in order to have a son, he did not hesitate to trick his daughter into freezing to death in the desert. This ignorance is outrageous. It's inhuman for him to beat his wife. He can draw the blue body into a blood pad with a whip.

It is under such repeated domestic violence that light light blue's enthusiasm and hope for life are completely extinguished. Here, I want to share two details that impressed me the most when I read Biography of the White Tiger. The first detail: light light blue met Fengxiang after returning to her parents' home. Talking about her divorce, Fengxiang said to leave. When pus grows out, it squeezes. Light light blue was very moved after listening. She wants to say a word of thanks to Fengxiang. However, nothing can replace her mood at that moment, so she just had a sour nose and shed two tears. When an emotion reaches its extreme, it is often impossible to express it. So she took out a handkerchief and put a little black on Fengxiang's face to cover up her embarrassment. The second detail is that Lan Lan's father came to see her when she was locked in the dark wooden cave. Because of her persistence in self and belief, her father became angry from embarrassment. After her father left, when Light Light turned and walked into Heim Cave, her heart suddenly became "sad". Why is it so difficult to read a book and do it yourself? "

? These two details are very simple, only a few, reflecting the light blue situation. She wants to take a road that she wants to take, but the surrounding environment does not allow it, and neither do her relatives. They squeezed her and besieged her as a whole, but she stuck to herself and stubbornly resisted all the roads that violated her beliefs. This is the awakening of light light blue. In order to redeem her freedom, she negotiated with Yinger and went to Yanchi Camel Salt. It is on this camel salt road full of hardships and bumps that Light Light Light with Faith has become the strongest woman in the world. She not only saved herself, but also saved Yinger. Therefore, the road to Yanchi seems to be a blue road after all. After a narrow escape, her faith has practical significance, just like Achnatherum splendens rooted in the western wilderness. No matter how harsh and cruel the environment is, she insists on herself and never gives up.

Yinger and light light blue have the same fate of swapping relatives, except for the different endings later, and more importantly, they are determined by their respective personalities and spiritual qualities. Yinger's hope for life lies in the unreliable heart outside Lingguan, but light light blue is not. Her hope is always in her own heart, in her "unwilling". This is their biggest difference. When encountering something, light light blue's first thought is unwilling, while Yinger, at the thought of the horror of jackals, wants to flinch. She was scared and nauseous. So, light light told her that we were exploring a method instead of camel salt. She said that there are many roads in the world, some of which we don't want to take. Some things are not suitable for us to go, so we must find a way we can go. Therefore, under the support of such a spirit, when Yinger was desperate again and again, light light blue gave her the reason and strength to persist. Light light blue and Yinger are always smart when they are together. Life taught her this wisdom, but life forced her to understand. She was tired of leaving because of pain, and sought relief because of pain. This is also a road that many people with faith must take. Many people with faith only think after experiencing some ups and downs of fate. At this time, he will ask who I am, where I come from, where I am going, what I live for, and so on, and he will embark on a path of searching.

And once you make such a choice, you will face the purgatory of your soul. Everyone is lonely on the way to find a soul mate, and they have to go through a series of beatings and torture by fate. Teacher Xue Mo said that you have to die before you can live. Sometimes when life encounters some bottlenecks and needs to be broken, it is necessary to experience a kind of pain. Without this process, you cannot surpass it. If we can't surpass it, there will be no thickness in life and no power in thought. Life without pain must be pale.

? destiny

Biography of the White Tiger ended the life of Ying Er and Yue Er, but for Lan Lan, her life has just begun. What will happen to her on this road, what will happen, what will happen, and what will happen in the end? This requires each "light light blue" to answer by himself.

When it comes to fate, it is always a heavy topic. Just like Mr. Xue Mo's poem in Yue Bai's Fox, "Fate is a heavy word, as heavy as a thousand years of loess." So, where is the way out for women's fate? I read The Legend of the White Tiger, and I think it's the biggest gain from reading this book-

The way out of fate is the way out of the soul.

The way out for the soul has been found,

A way out of fate will be found.

After reading "Biography of the White Tiger", I once again thought of the current concept of marriage and love. In the past, in the backward west, "the married daughter-in-law was a bought donkey, and she could ride it if she wanted to." But now, due to the serious imbalance between men and women, the wedding bride price has also skyrocketed, reaching hundreds of thousands. This material-oriented business has been seriously distorted. It has long been said in Zhu Zi's Family Instructions that you should choose a good husband when you marry, but you can't ask for re-employment and you can't be generous when you marry a daughter-in-law. However, in the case of unprecedented abundance of material goods, the pallor of spiritual character makes all the good things smell like copper, and everything is clearly priced naked. This reality has led some girls to pay attention only to appearance and not to inner grandiose psychology, and enjoy success with their youth.

Therefore, in the era of women's "awakening", male compatriots have a long way to go. I once read an article "What is a man's most important investment?" The answer is "a good wife". In the article, many standards of a good wife are listed. Gentle and kind, beautiful and generous, experienced and tasteful, virtuous and open-minded, needless to say, it has aroused the resonance of many male compatriots. As we all know, the most important investment for both men and women is not to find a good husband or wife, but to grow and build themselves. Because the phoenix tree can attract the phoenix first, otherwise, even if a phoenix mistook the poplar for the phoenix tree, when she found that it was not her own phoenix tree, she would fly away. Therefore, investing in yourself, growing yourself and strengthening your mind is the most fundamental way out. Let's not ask for more happiness, but first turn ourselves into a buttonwood tree, and stand upright even if there is wind and rain; Even if there is no phoenix to live in, you can form your own scenery.

An English woman writer once said that women need a house of their own, which is not only a metaphysical objective existence for women to put their bodies, but also a metaphysical subjective existence for women to put their souls. The woman in Baihuguan just lacks such a house of her own. What if there is no such house? This requires every woman to create her own, so that she can be economically independent, have her own residence and have a soul to rely on.

Biography of the White Tiger is such a work with incredible charm. It is tragic, tenacious, more noble, or, it is an indelible solemn, it has such a spirit. I think those who really read this book thoroughly will shoulder all the burdens given to them by life, and even the numb soul will ask about their life and destiny. Therefore, this is not a fashionable book, but it must be an enduring work that can stand the test of time.