Anhui Cai Yuan Ya Ji (1)

Editor's Note: When it comes to Anhui women, especially Huizhou women, many people will think of various chastity archways all over ancient Huizhou, and "virtuous women martyrdom" and "ignorance and backwardness" have almost become synonymous with Huizhou women. However, when we walk into Anhui and approach Anhui culture, we will find that there are so many amazing and admirable talented women here. They are full of virtue, art and courage, and use their talents and even their lives to light up the culture of Anhui. Their beauty should not be ignored and forgotten.

My Anhui, Zhong Ling with mountains and rivers, has beautiful calligraphy, picturesque women and brilliant talents. Or be alone in the boudoir, recalling elegance; Or holding hands and singing, it's fun. However, those who are talented will live longer; Harp, harp, lovers, leaving flowers and branches. Although his voice is very heavy, he has broken sentences in chapters, which are particularly prominent and can be passed down. His clothes are fragrant and his temples are shaded. I'll pick them up here.

As soon as you raise your hand, a wonderful pen will bring flowers; A plucked string stopped the clouds from spinning around the beam. Poetry and songs, fine embroidery, medical knowledge, general history, various skills, how exquisite and ingenious!

"Jiading Qian Daxin attaches great importance to his studies and thinks that Ban Zhao will fight alone in the future." -Hu Sijing's Ten Dynasties Mandarin

"Deqing Zhongshu, all peep, ancient poetry, especially fine heaven, well versed in China and the West. Since ancient times, talented women like Xie Daowen and Zuo Fen have been able to write poems, and they have never heard of their ability to write articles. Cao everyone continued the history of Han dynasty, and Song Chuanzhou was an official. I didn't know it was natural. Deqing alone, can't you say that Tong Guan's income is the same as that of Miss? " -Nanjing bibliophile Zhu Zhu

"I am also a civil servant, and the six arts are bypassed. I have money and ability. " -Xiao Mu's Biography of Mrs. Deqing

Wang was born in Tianchang, Anhui Province, the daughter of a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, and later moved to Jiangning. She is proficient in astrology and can measure astrology and predict the weather. She has written one volume of Additions and Deletion in Western Planning, one volume of Proof and Errors in Recalculation, four volumes of Imagination, five volumes of Graphic Astrology, Verification of Recalculation and Falsification, and one volume of Branch One in Recalculation. In addition, she is proficient in medicine; His poems are unpretentious and sincere, and all his articles tell the truth, including Poems in Defeng Pavilion and Collection of Defeng Pavilion.

When I was young, I was very good at reading. When I was nine years old, I learned thirteen classics. 1 1 years old, Wang went to Jilin with his father to attend his grandfather's funeral, and lived there for five years. In the meantime, she learned knowledge, "learned to shoot the wife of Mongolian general A, and she was sure to hit the target, riding and shooting like a fly".

With the help of Wang, her grandfather was proficient in calendar calculation and wrote a lot, which had a great influence on Wang's scientific research. When she was very young, her grandfather would teach her various algorithms. When he grew up, Wang studied more than ten kinds of rare calendars collected at home. Later, she went to Shaanxi, Hubei, Guangdong and other places with her father and learned a lot. Although Wang's father had a rough life and suffered many hardships, he was proficient in medical skills and practiced medicine as a profession. Under the influence of her father, she also learned a lot of medical knowledge. At the age of 25, she married Zhan Mei, a native of Xuancheng, and died five years later.

In her short life of less than 30 years, Wang has done a lot of scientific work. Besides housework, she always studies and studies tirelessly.

In mathematics, she pays attention to absorbing the strengths of Chinese and Western algorithms, including Mei Wending, improving generalization, simplifying the complex, and using it flexibly, without being bound by old methods and old ideas. In the Pythagorean triangle solution, she has a wonderful exposition: "There are internal differences between China and the West, but there are also some similarities. But its legal principle is dense and its mind is small, which can not be ignored. Why choose China and the West when seeking truth from facts? It's just that their meanings are extremely eclectic. "

At the same time, Wang is also interested in exploring the mysteries of the stars in the universe. She not only widely read Chinese and foreign astronomical works, but also insisted on observing the sky at night and counting the stars by day for many years. One day, when the doors and windows were closed, Wang hid in his room to carry out astronomical experiments. Before you know it, it's time to eat. Her mother waited outside the door for a long time but didn't see her come out for dinner, so she looked inside the door curiously. I saw the crystal lamp on the table hanging on the beam as the sun, the small round table pulled down and placed under the lamp as the earth, and the king took the mirror as the moon. When she moves, she constantly observes the positions of the sun, the moon and the earth and their relationships. Later, in the article "Solution to the Eclipse" she wrote, she brilliantly expounded the knowledge of the occurrence, phase and depth of the eclipse. As for astronomy introduced from the west, her views are divided into two parts, that is, "although the western calendar is dense, it must be allowed", and she actively promoted Copernicus's "Heliocentrism", which was very valuable at that time.

However, in the society where feudal ethics prevailed at that time, it was generally believed that women's lack of talent was virtue, and literature, history and calligraphy should not be taken seriously. Therefore, when Wang Gang began to study astronomy, some people laughed that she was engaged in science to make a name for herself in history. But she argued against it and insisted on scientific research. Regarding the phenomenon that people use astronomy to engage in feudal superstitions such as geomantic omen, Wang clearly stated in the Preface to Funeral Scripture that these things are completely deceptive and will never affect the wealth and dignity of future generations. In this regard, in order to scare her, some people put forward the saying that "Feng Shui was originally advocated by ancient sages". Wang retorted that sages also make mistakes, and we must learn from the ancients in a critical manner.

As a representative of female scientists in the history of the development of ethnic sciences in China, Wang's life can be summed up in her own words, "It is more appropriate to taste ambition than husband".

Wang's sister. At the age of twelve, he could write poems, draw flowers and embroider. I once made a small bell out of copper and wire. Although it is not as accurate as the western style, it will turn and make a sound after dialing, and everyone is amazed at her ingenuity. Sixteen years old.

Jiang Yuee is a native of Jiangcun, Shexian County. Pure temperament, good at painting, good at medicine. He is the author of "Poem Draft of Settled House".

Zhong Wenzhen, whose real name is Ruigu, is from Shucheng. He is good at playing the piano, writing poems and painting. He is the author of Poems of Linyi Pavilion.

Fang Ruohui, a native of Tongcheng, lives between Jia Dao and Jia Dao. Qin Gong is good at painting and seal cutting. He is the author of "Poems of Idle Clouds Pavilion".

Lv Bicheng, whose real name is Dunfu, is a Yin Ming, a Baolian layman and a Jingdezhen native. Smart at a young age. One day, when her father saw weeping willows in the garden, he told her that "the spring breeze blows willows". She should say "autumn rain hits phoenix trees", when she was only five years old. At the age of seven, he could draw a huge landscape painting. By the time he was twelve, all his poems had been written, and every time he came out, he would be read by far and near. /kloc-founded Beiyang women's public school at the age of 0/9. 19 1 1 years later, she studied western European characters and Buddhism, traveled to Europe and America, and preached Buddhist teachings. He is the author of Poems of Fang Xin and Wandering in Europe and America.

Lv Bicheng's poems and articles are graceful, sensitive and delicate, but lonely and resentful. Liu Yazi said that she was "worthy of being a poetess", and the poet Yi Shifu thought that she was "endowed by ordinary people with high poetry and fine writing". She is even known as "the last poetess in nearly 300 years", and she is also called "the heroine and the chivalrous woman" with Qiu Jin. During the first decade or two of the 20th century, China's literary circles, women's circles and even the whole social circles had a big landscape of "crimson curtains were admired and Lv Bicheng was pushed everywhere".

(Qing) Shexian people, weak character. Very intelligent by nature, good at writing. I like growing flowers, and I prefer flowers and leaves. I can write a scroll of heart sutra on the lotus heart as big as money. It is said that her mother dreamed of swallowing flowers and leaves when she was born.

Her husband is Fang's hometown. Because he often lives in Guangling, Zhang Cheng always writes poems for him. One day, Fang went out and Zhang Cheng's letter just arrived, so Fang's friends opened it privately. There are two new willow leaves in the envelope, which are green and lovely. Each book has a quatrain, which is touching and poetic. Since then, Zhang Cheng has been famous for his willow poems. However, the good times did not last long, and Zhang Cheng died soon, only 2 1 year old, leaving several volumes of anthology. Later, Fang grieved too much and went to Tiantai to become a monk.

Zhang Xichun is from Tongcheng. The poem is beautiful. There is a saying in "Yao Nai": "If a gentleman records a boudoir, he will never forget the ode to Xi Chun." He is the author of Pei Guixuan's Poems in two volumes.

Fang fen, word, Tongcheng people. She likes reading history. Every time her brother comes back from school, she talks with him about poetry. One day, my brother came back with the teacher's couplet "Tung Zi welcomes autumn old age", and she immediately said "Peach blossoms bring rain" in Tang poetry.

Wu Xiuzhu (1808- 1827), a native of Maolin, Jingxian County, Zuo Du-pei's granddaughter, died unmarried at the age of 20. He is the author of a collection of poems "Zhu Jiang Ting Cao Embroidery".

Wang Yuying is from Shexian County. Poetry is elegant, and he has written the First Draft of Chanting Champs-Elysé es and Poems in Ritz Room. Good sentences such as: "A wisp of heavy smoke will never be seen, and a wisp of breeze will overflow from the shadow of a half curtain", "Plum blossoms are fragrant in sunny days, and water is blue in the spring breeze", "Turquoise is rare, and lotus roots have no fragrance of flowers".

Fang Wanyi (1732- 1779) was born in Shexian county. Born on June 24th, 10th year of Yongzheng, it is said that this day is the birthday of Lotus, and it is said that "I was born on the same day as Lotus", so it was named An Baili lay man. He is good at painting plums, orchids, chrysanthemums, bamboos and stones, as well as poems. Her husband said that he had a dream of getting away from the hubbub. At the age of 48, Weng Fanggang wrote an epitaph for him: "There are ten thousand volumes of plum blossoms and one volume of white lotus, whose paintings are Zen and whose poems are immortal; My article is full of ice and snow and was handed down with this stone. "

Fang Wanyi was born in a scholarly family, his grandfather Fang, and his father Fang Baojian (who was sent to Guangdong in Kangxi period) once taught in imperial academy. Fang Wanyi is gifted and intelligent. She studied poetry and painting with her father and aunt Fang Songyu since childhood. When she was a teenager, she became famous in Yangzhou City because she "learned poetry, was polite and was good at painting poetry". He is the author of Lv Xueji and History of White Lotus Plate Leather.

At the age of eighteen, she married Luo Pin, one of the eight eccentrics in Yangzhou. Although they live in poverty, they share the same interests, and they enjoy themselves in poetry and painting. There is a sentence in Yuan Mei's Postscript to Meet Ye Hui's Album: "(Fang Wanyi and her husband) sang together in the morning and evening, moving Mo Chi, and there is a dusty fantasy." In painting, couples often work together to paint. Jiang Shiquan, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, went to Beijing and passed by Yangzhou. He once took out a six-foot embroidered silk and asked the couple to make a birthday account of plum blossom, peony and autumn chrysanthemum, which was completed in one night. Jiang Shiquan saw it and wrote a poem: "The two peaks are husbands, the white lotus is wives, and Luo Nengshao writes poems. The women are good, the immortals are home, and the paintings and notes support each other." The Record of Luanyang written by Liu Degong, a famous sinologist in North Korea, also mentioned that Fang Wanyi was "also famous for his poetry and painting".

Unfortunately, however, few of Fang Wanyi's works have survived to this day. Therefore, her paintings have attracted the attention of collectors at home and abroad. A few years ago, at an auction in Hong Kong, a Singaporean Chinese bought two freehand flower-and-bird paintings by Fang Wanyi for HK$ 2 million. In recent years, in the domestic art auction market, every fine work has been auctioned at a high price. For example, at the autumn auction of 20 12 Guardian International Auction Co., Ltd., a hand scroll by Fang Wanyi (horizontal 134 cm, width 34.5 cm) was valued at 550,000, and the final valuation was 2.24 million. At the 20 13 Shanghai Spring Auction of Rong Baozhai Auction Co., Ltd., a vertical shaft (length 1 13 cm, width 29 cm) of Mei Qijie's first picture, which was co-operated by Luo Pin and Fang Wanyi, was auctioned by many buyers, and the price was19,000 yuan higher than the initial estimate. The inscription of this painting is: "On May 2, Shi Xinqiu, a female historian, paid tribute to Lian Xiong, and my brother hired Dianthus to make up the sentence."

Zhang Ying, a native of Tongcheng, is the daughter of Zhang Bingzhen, the minister of war. Wise by nature, fond of reading, he abandoned his troubles after returning to China and learned poetry from his husband. His poems are full of Taoist quotations, unlike the voice of secular women. Died young and wrote "You Ting Ji".

Zhang Lingyi, whose real name is Jou-chia, is from Tongcheng. Born in Huaying, he was indifferent, widowed in middle age and finally died in rural life. Distinguish between ancient and modern, and say a thousand words at every turn. He is the author of two volumes of poems: Poems of Huang Chuang and Tips on Ice.

To be continued ~