Fortune-telling in Fengzhuang Village of Jiaozuo

What are the main representatives of Taoism?

1, Lao Tzu

Lao Zi, surnamed Li Minger, is called Bo Yang. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the year of birth and death is unknown (Hu Shi once speculated that Lao Zi was born in the early years of Zhou Lingwang, which was 570 BC).

Born in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Zhou Dynasty, Chen Jun (the name of the ancient county, which is generally considered by historians to be in Luyi County, Henan Province) [2]. China was an ancient thinker, philosopher, writer and historian, the founder and main representative of Taoist school.

Laozi is a world cultural celebrity, one of the world's 100 historical celebrities, and is also called Laozi and Zhuangzi with Zhuangzi. In Taoism, Laozi is regarded as the ancestor of Taoism and called "the old gentleman on the throne". In the Tang Dynasty, Laozi was regarded as the ancestor of Li.

Laozi's extant works include Tao Te Ching (also known as Laozi), which is one of the most widely circulated works in the world. In the 1980s, according to the statistics of UNESCO, among the world cultural heritage.

The Bible was translated into foreign languages and published, with the largest circulation, followed by the Tao Te Ching. Laozi's thought has a far-reaching influence on the development of China's philosophy, and its ideological core is simple dialectics. Politically, Laozi advocates the rule of inaction and the teaching of words.

Politically, Lao Tzu pays attention to the truth that extremes meet. In terms of self-cultivation, Laozi is the ancestor of Taoist double cultivation, paying attention to modest and upright practice and not competing with others.

2. Zhuangzi

Zhuangzi, surnamed Zhuang, Zhou, Zi Xiu (aka), was born in the Song Dynasty, and his ancestors were the monarch and duke of the Song Dynasty. He was a famous thinker, philosopher and writer in the middle of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period.

Zhuangzi, an important school of philosophy in China, was founded. He is a representative of the Taoist school in the Warring States period after Laozi and one of the main representatives of the Taoist school. Zhuang Zhou should not be employed by Chu Weiwang because he advocates freedom. He only worked as a lacquer garden official in the Song Dynasty.

History is called "the proud official of Qiyuan" and is regarded as a model of local officials. Zhuangzi first put forward the idea of "sage inside and king outside", which had a far-reaching influence on Confucianism. Zhuangzi has profound views on the Book of Changes, and profoundly pointed out that "the Book of Changes takes the way of Yin and Yang"; Zhuangzi's thought of "three tones" is consistent with the three talents in the Book of Changes.

His representative work is Zhuangzi, among which his masterpieces are Wandering around and The Theory of Everything. As famous as Laozi, it is called Laozi and Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi's imagination is extremely rich, his language is freely used and flexible, and he can make some subtle and unspeakable philosophies fascinating.

His works are called "literary philosophy, philosophical literature". It is said that he lived in seclusion in Nanhua Mountain, so at the beginning of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he named Zhuang Zhou as the South China Reality and his book Zhuangzi as the South China True Classic.

Step 3: Liezi

Liezi (450 BC-375 BC, age unknown), originally named in Yukou ("Liezi" is the honorific title of later generations), was a scholar of Huaxia nationality, a native of Putian (now Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China) in the Zhou Dynasty, and an ancient emperor.

An outstanding representative of Taoist school, one of the top ten in the pre-Qin world, a famous thinker, philosopher, writer and educator. It has a far-reaching influence on later philosophy, aesthetics, literature, science and technology, health preservation, music and religion.

Liezi, whose theory originated from Huangdi Laozi, belongs to Laozi and Zhuangzi. The pre-Qin school of philosophy (Liezixue) was established. He is an important successor of Taoist school between Laozi and Zhuangzi.

Extended data:

The background of Taoist inaction;

Before the Zhou Dynasty, China was a unified country. Since Pingdong moved to the east, the system of enfeoffment has been implemented since the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The emperor, the supreme ruler of this country, divided the land into vassals and allowed them to establish vassal States.

The vassal has the right to sublet the fief to Dr. Qing, apportion the tasks at different levels, and finally distribute the land to the people for farming. Although this can improve the enthusiasm of subordinates to strengthen production, it also has great disadvantages.

For example, subordinates such as princes can reduce the tax payment ratio by concealing production and evading taxes. As a result, the vassal States became richer and richer, while the Zhou royal family became poorer and poorer.

With the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, the princes became bigger and bigger, and the big countries competed for power and profit, annexed small countries and became the hegemons. At this time, Zhou only maintained the name of the world co-owner, and did not actually control the world.

Therefore, the Zhou Dynasty entered the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The warring states fought for years, resulting in constant wars, tumbling heads, miserable people and chaos in the world.

Laozi witnessed the chaotic situation of feudal lords fighting for hegemony, war, poor people and the gradual decline of the country. He followed the idea of "driving at the right time, not hiding at the right time" and deliberately hid. He seriously thought about the problem of world chaos.

It is believed that the root cause lies in the greed and reckless behavior of rulers (princes), who are always willing to do whatever they want, which is called "promising"; Based on this, Laozi put forward the political proposition of "governing by doing nothing".

That is to say: know what it is, follow the heaven, follow the trend, and do nothing. I hope this can alleviate the sharp contradictions in society, save the people from the dire straits, and help the country. This is the reason why the thought of inaction comes into being.

Baidu encyclopedia-Taoism