Why did the mystery of Li Zicheng's downfall become a fortune when he was emperor?

Li Zicheng, formerly known as Hongji, posthumous title Huang Laier, posthumous title Zaoer, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty, lived in Liqian Village, Mizhi, Yulin, Shaanxi. When I was a child, I worked as a shepherd for the landlord and a post office in Yinchuan. In the second year after the Chongzhen Uprising, he invaded the subordinates of King Gao Yingxiang, who was brave and insightful. At the Xingyang meeting, the plan of dividing troops and attacking from all sides was put forward and approved by the heads of various ministries. After Gao Yingxiang's death, he succeeded in calling himself king.

At that time, the famine in the Central Plains was serious and the social class contradictions were extremely acute. Yan Li put forward the slogan of "tax exemption in all fields", which was welcomed by the broad masses of the people. The army grew to one million and became the main force of the rebel army. In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, xin Shunwang was sealed in Xiangyang, and Sun Chuanting, the governor of Shaanxi Province in the Ming Dynasty, was completely annihilated in Ruzhou, Henan Province, and Xi 'an was taken away. The following year, the Dashun regime was established and named Yongchang. It soon conquered Beijing and overthrew the Ming Dynasty. In April, Dourgen led the Eight Banners Army to join forces with Wu Sangui, the company commander of the Ming Dynasty, and fought Li Zicheng inside and outside Shanhaiguan. Li Zicheng was defeated, withdrew from Peking, and led troops to Henan and Shaanxi. On May 17th, the second year of Shunzhi, he was killed by villagers in Jiugongshan, Tongcheng County, Hubei Province.

Li Zicheng, who came from a peasant family, was forced to make a living and took his life to join the uprising. 1629, Li Zicheng became a subordinate of Gao Yingxiang. At this time, Li Zicheng has shown his courage and resourcefulness. After Gao Yingxiang's death, Li Zicheng continued the peasant war as a champion. At first, Li Zicheng's army won the support of the broad masses of working people, with millions of participants. Unfortunately, Li Zicheng ended in failure. So what is the cause of Li Zicheng's failure and the ultimate cause of death?

In fact, without the intervention of the Qing army, Li Zicheng's military strength may not be stronger than that of Wu Sangui. However, when Li Zicheng was at war with Wu Sangui, Wu Sangui had declined, which made people think that Wu Sangui's Ning Guan fighters might not be able to defeat Li Zicheng's peasant army.

So, what is the reason?

Momentum! Li Zicheng swaggered all the way to Beijing. Welcome to Beijing by the soldiers and civilians of the Ming army, he is the winner. Compared with Wu Sangui, he is like a lost dog. Two years before the war, the Ming Dynasty was defeated by the Qing Dynasty, which led to low morale. Moreover, Wu Sangui's army has not been paid for nearly a year.

The most important thing is that when Li Zicheng's army arrived, the Qing army also went outside Shanhaiguan, and Guan Ningjun was "attacked on both sides". Is likely to be finished with Li Zicheng, swept away by the Qing army. The so-called "mantis catches cicada and yellowbird behind" makes everyone afraid to fight.

Is such a state, Li Zicheng wants to win, it is to kill one thousand, since the loss of eight hundred, if GuanNingJun combat effectiveness is fully stimulated, that is amazing. After all, in the Ming army, only Guan Ningjun dared to open up territory with the Qing army. In the early stage of Jin Song War, Wu Sangui was also the first silver deterrent to Liaodong!

So if Li Zicheng wants to win, it will pay a heavy price.

Li Zicheng is short-sighted. He once said, "Shaanxi is my hometown. Wealth must return home, that is to say, ten swallows are not enough to go to Xi 'an. "

This is the idea of "wealth means security", which is exactly the same as Xiang Yu's idea of "returning home with clothes on" after the demise of the Qin Dynasty. 1644 March 18, Li Zicheng sent eunuch Du Xun and Emperor Chongzhen to discuss whether to stop fighting or make peace. He put forward his own conditions, that is, to rule the northwest and become a king, and Chongzhen would pay millions of military expenses. After the conditions were agreed, Li Zicheng promised to be a "fireman" for Chongzhen, to attack other insurgents and help him fight the Qing Dynasty. However, Chongzhen resolutely refused.

Secondly, Li Zicheng lacks effective ability and management skills. He can't even control his good friend Liu Zongmin. In the final analysis, they

At this time, Li Zicheng couldn't stand it any longer. He said to his buddy, "Why don't you help me be a good emperor?" But Liu Zongmin didn't buy it at all, and directly replied: "The power of the emperor belongs to you, and the power to copy and plunder belongs to me. Don't talk nonsense! " Li Zicheng was silent, and the emperor of Dashun regime was silent. This was impossible when Zhu Yuanzhang was in power.

Li Zicheng has his own difficulties. There are so many people in the army who need someone to feed them. To this end, he specifically ordered the looting of gold. Liu Zongmin was so satisfied with the robbery that he ordered his men to make 5,000 pairs of clips with edges and nails. I'm sorry if you don't give me money. I will crush your hands and feet! He also erected two pillars at the door so that some uncooperative officials could be sentenced to one year's imprisonment. Ming officials who tasted the taste of iron fist said indignantly: "This is a new policy to revive North Korea, but there are still thieves."

Liu Zongmin led his men to fish in troubled waters. In order not to let the people in Beijing escape, they even adopted a laissez-faire approach. "Ten families protect one family, and ten fugitives are killed together." Once these low-level people become e-lai, they are really insane! Liu Zongmin, a former blacksmith, underestimated Wu Sangui and even captured Chen Yuanyuan, which led to Wu Sangui's rebellion against Dashun.

Li Zicheng's greatest failure was that his actions indirectly led to the entry of the Qing Dynasty, and he could not effectively organize the army to resist. Liu Zongmin, his subordinate, robbed Chen Yuanyuan, the beloved concubine of Wu Sangui, a heavily armed soldier, at Shanhaiguan, and tortured's father, Wu Xiang.

Later, when Li Zicheng wrote to persuade Wu Sangui to surrender, a member of the Wu family escaped from Beijing and informed Wu Sangui about the recent situation of the Wu family. Wu Sangui became angry from embarrassment and vowed never to surrender, demanding to send troops to avenge his father.

Li Zicheng was not only embarrassed to comfort himself, but felt that Wu Sangui didn't respect himself and led hundreds of thousands of peasant troops to attack Shanhaiguan. Originally Shanhaiguan was unbreakable, but the war between Li Zicheng and Wu Sangui gave Manchu a chance.

Wu Sangui had no choice but to surrender to Manchu. Because Li Zicheng and Wu's fighters were weakened, they were beaten to Beijing by the Manchus who entered the customs. Finally, he fled back to the northwest. In the end, the Manchu occupation of the Central Plains was inevitable.