Why didn't the Qing Dynasty allow intermarriage and migration?

Intermarriage is local and restrictions are conditional. Every emperor intermarried.

Migration is afraid of refugees and rebellion.

After the Manchu established the Qing regime, in order to consolidate their rule, they implemented the Eight Banners system. There is a very strict difference between standard bearers and non-standard bearers. Manchu all incorporated into the Eight Banners; The Mongolian cavalry who surrendered later were also incorporated into the Eight Banners, which were called the Eight Banners of Mongolia. At the same time, some of the Han troops who first joined Nurhachi were also incorporated into the Eight Banners. In addition, the Eight Banners also include some Daur, Ewenki, Oroqen and Xibe. Therefore, the ethnic minorities in the north and some Han flag-bearers are on the one hand, and the vast majority of Han people who are not in the flag are on the other hand, so as to distinguish them.

Anyone who is in the flag calls the Han people who are not in the flag "people". So a custom called "Banners don't get married" was formed in the Eight Banners. This custom is also called "Manchu does not marry" in Manchu. Therefore, strictly speaking, "Manchu does not marry" does not mean that Manchu cannot marry Han Chinese. It means that people in the Eight Banners can marry, and the flag bearer cannot marry anyone other than the flag bearer.

At first, ethnic minorities in the north only married in different clans or tribes with distant relatives. Since the Qing Dynasty, the mutual influence of customs and habits among ethnic groups has gradually spread to intermarriage. In particular, the inter-ethnic marriage of the upper class nobles has formed an orientation, which has promoted the upward and downward flow of inter-ethnic marriage among the people. For example, Shunzhi had a concubine named Tong Fei. Her grandparents and parents were both Han nationality, but they were the founding heroes of the Qing Dynasty and later became the standard bearers of the Han nationality. Later, Tong Fei, 15 years old, gave birth to a son, Michelle Ye, who was later Kangxi. However, 17-year-old young the emperor shunzhi doesn't like Tong Fei, and certainly doesn't like her son Michelle Ye.

In the Qing Dynasty, "Manchu and Han did not marry" was widely circulated, and offenders were severely punished and even beheaded. But there is a strange case of intermarriage. But this was planned by Emperor Qianlong.

Gan Long gave birth to a little daughter, but unfortunately she has a mole on her face. The fortune teller told her fortune and said "the main disaster". You have to marry someone more prominent than the princes to "avoid disaster". Gan Long loves his daughter very much. Think about it, there is no suitable Manchu aristocrat. I accidentally thought of Confucius' House in Qufu, Shandong Province, which is recognized by this generation as big noble. I'm afraid there is no one like it in the world, and my face lit up at once. But on second thought, Kong Shi is a Han Chinese. How can he marry a Han Chinese as the daughter of Emperor Qianlong? I can't help being in a dilemma

Fortunately, Emperor Qianlong was a flexible man. He made a clever arrangement, turned a corner and sent his daughter to the home of Yu Minzhong, a college student in the Literature Museum, and became Yu Minzhong's adopted daughter. Yu Minzhong is a Han nationality, so the princess borrowed the light of "Han nationality" and became a Han girl. After a while. Qianlong's daughter married Kong Xianpei, the duke of Confucius' seventy-second grandson feast. As Yu Minzhong's adopted daughter, she was extravagant and extremely grand. Now, anyone who has been to Kong Lin in Qufu, Shandong Province, will see that in the northeast of Confucius' tomb, there is a luxurious tomb workshop called Yufufang, which is the tomb of Gan Long's daughter.

In Guangxu period, due to long-term mixed residence, there were no pure Han or Manchu people. However, the rule of "Man Han does not marry" is still very strict. 1902, in order to maintain the crumbling Qing regime, Emperor Guangxu promulgated a series of "new policies", including allowing "marriage between Manchu and Han" to win over the children of Han nationality.

When the Revolution of 1911 overthrew the Qing Dynasty. Dr. Sun Yat-sen put forward the slogan of "expelling the Tatars", but Beijing and Manchu banners scattered all over the country did not flee back to their hometown. Instead, I changed my surname to Han, used Chinese, and packaged it into Han nationality on the spot. For example, Manchu Hou was sent to his home outside Di 'anmen by his uncle when he was four years old. It was not until 1985 that it changed back to "Manchu".

Due to the strong assimilation of Han nationality and the intermarriage of Han and Manchu with other nationalities, the customs of Manchu people gradually faded and the customs of Han and Manchu gradually mixed. However, some people who live in the hometown of Manchu eat and drink every day, and many of them still maintain the primitive Manchu customs. For example, in terms of taboos, it is actually the custom of Manchu not to eat dog meat or hit crows. Manchu people also taboo people who wear clothes made of dog skin to enter the house.

After the founding of New China, New China implemented the policy of great national unity. Intermarriage has also undergone tremendous changes. First, it broke the boundary between nobles and civilians of all ethnic groups, and intermarriage among all ethnic groups was unrestricted. Just according to the traditional custom, "it is forbidden to marry with the same bone and surname" and it is strictly forbidden to marry outside the family. Secondly, the narrow concept of intermarriage within the nation and ethnic prejudice and discrimination were completely broken, and ethnic intermarriage was developed. Ethnic minorities in the north live with a large number of Han people. The nobles and civilians of the original ethnic minorities generally intermarried with the Han nationality.

However, the previous Eight Banners also held official positions. Whether it is the descendants of Manchu Eight Banners or the Eight Banners of Mongolia, Xibe, Daur and Ewenki, there are still many people who are unwilling to marry the Han nationality. In the minds of some people over 70, they still adhere to the traditional customs of "Banners don't marry" and "Manchu don't marry". There are often cases of interfering with the intermarriage between children and Han nationality.