Tang Dynasty: The Story of General Li Guang in Lu Lun's Xia Sai Qu

Li Guang's ancestor was Li Xinguang, a general of the Qin Dynasty, who led the army to defeat Yan Taizi Dan. Li Guang took the bow handed down from ancient times and shot a good arrow. In the 14th year of Emperor Wendi (BC 166), the Xiongnu invaded the border area on a large scale, and Li Guang and a good family fought against the Xiongnu. Because he was good at using arrows, he killed and captured many enemies, and was promoted to Hanzhong Lang, guarding the emperor with knights. Many times, he followed Deng Wendi to shoot wild animals. Wendi once lamented: "It's a pity that my son is not in time! What if your son becomes a high emperor (Liu Bang)? " (Biography of General Li in Historical Records) After Emperor Han Jingdi acceded to the throne, Li Guang became a captain in Longxi, and was soon promoted to commander in chief of cavalry. When there was a rebellion between the G-7 and the G-7, Qiu Li followed Qiu Zhou Yafu in fighting the insurgents. He made great contributions and made a name for himself at the gates of Changyi because he captured the rebel flag. Although he made meritorious service, Li Guang accepted the general print privately awarded to him by Liang Wang. After returning to North Korea, he was not raised. After the rebellion of kings was put down, Li Guang was appointed as the Governor of Shanggu, and the Xiongnu was at war with Israel. Gong Sunkun, a classical country, wrote an evil letter: "Li Guang is brilliant, boastful of traveling westward, and afraid of death and fighting the enemy." (Biography of Historical Records and Li Lie) So he was appointed as the county magistrate. Later, Li Guang worked as a satrap in Longxi, Beidi, Yanmen, Dai Jun and Yun Yun, and was famous for his ability to fight tough battles. When the Huns invaded Shang Jun (now Fort Yu He, southeast of Yulin, Shaanxi Province), Jingdi sent a favorite eunuch to train troops against the Huns with Li Guang. Once the eunuch went out hunting with dozens of cavalry, and three Xiongnu knights in Lu Yu fought with them. As a result, the Xiongnu shot and killed all the guards and wounded the eunuch, who hurriedly fled back to report to Li Guang. Li Guang decided that the three men were Xiongnu archers, so he led hundreds of cavalry to pursue the three Xiongnu archers. Xiongnu archers walked without horses and were caught up after dozens of miles. Li Guang ordered the cavalry to spread their wings and shot two Xiongnu archers himself, but one of them was captured alive. As soon as the prisoners were tied to their horses and headed back, thousands of tarkan arrived. When they saw Li Guang's army, they thought it was the suspected soldiers of the Han army who lured the enemy. They were all surprised and immediately went up the hill to take their positions. Li Guang's one hundred cavalry, also very afraid, all want to turn the horse's head and run back. Li Guang said, "I've been in the army for dozens of miles, and now I'm riding more than a hundred horses, and the Huns are chasing me to the end. If I stay today, the Huns will take me as the lure of their great army and dare not attack me. " (Biography of General Li in Historical Records) Li Guang ordered all cavalry to move forward and stop only when they were less than two miles away from the Xiongnu position. Li Guang ordered again: "Everybody dismount and untie the saddle!" (Biography of General Li in Historical Records) His cavalry said, "Being close to the enemy is urgent. What can you do? " (Biography of General Li in Historical Records) Li Guang said: "Petrou takes me as the way, and now he unties his saddle to show that he can't go and stick to his will." (Biography of General Lee in Historical Records) tarquin really dared not attack. Then a Hun general on a white horse came out to protect his soldiers. Li Guang mounted his horse, took a dozen cavalry, shot General White Horse, then returned to his team and unloaded his saddle. He told the soldiers to let go of their horses and sleep on the ground. At this time, it was getting late, and Xiongnu soldiers always thought it was suspicious and dared not attack. In the middle of the night, the Huns thought that the Han army had an ambush nearby, and they wanted to sneak attack at night, so they led the troops away. Early the next morning, Li Guang returned to the army. But "the army doesn't know about it, so it follows." As a leader, it is not advisable to rush after the troops without telling them. In 140 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, and all the ministers thought that Li Guang was a brave general, so Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed Li as the guardian of Weiyang Palace. At this time, Cheng Wu was also appointed as the escort of Changle Palace. They used to command the army as the prefect of the border county, but their methods of leading troops were completely different. Cheng doesn't know: "Although it is extremely simple, you can't help but commit it." And his foot soldiers were happy, and Yue Xian died for it. Although our army is annoyed, don't offend me. "Soldiers self-help, not night patrol self-defense, but if the huns attack, the army can't resist. Cheng is famous for his strict management of the army. He pays attention to the establishment, queue and formation of troops. Patrol in Diao Dou at night, the military affairs are complicated, but they are not afraid of the invasion of Xiongnu. However, the soldiers suffered from Cheng's ignorance, and they all liked to fight with Li Guang. This is Cheng's euphemistic criticism of his old comrade-in-arms Li Guangming. When Cheng didn't know Jingdi, he was appointed as a doctor of Taizhong several times. He is clean and honest, and he is willing to learn grammar. In the second year of Yuan Guang in Han Dynasty (BC 133), the Han Dynasty used Mayi City (now Shuoxian County, Shanxi Province) to lure Xiongnu into Khan. Can make an army ambush in the nearby valley, make Li Guang as a general, general escort led the troops. Finally, the minister of military affairs Khan noticed the plan of the retreat of the Han army, and the siege of Mayi came back in vain. In the sixth year of Yuanguang (BC 129), the Xiongnu went south again, and the striker pointed to Shanggu (now Huailai County, Hebei Province). The Han army attacked on all sides. Wei Qing, the general riding a bike, went straight out of the valley, and Gongsun Ao, the general riding a bike, sent troops from Daixian (governing Daixian, now Datong, Shanxi, Yuxian, Hebei). General Gong Sunhe, who rode a good car, sent troops from the cloud (now Tuoketuo, Inner Mongolia). General Li led the army out of Yanmenguan, and the four generals each led 10,000 cavalry. On his first expedition, Wei Qing went straight to Longcheng (the place where Xiongnu sacrificed to sweep the ancestors of heaven and earth) and beheaded 700 people. Being outnumbered, Li Guang was eventually wounded and captured. Xiongnu Khan admired Li Guang's reputation for a long time, and ordered his men: "Those who get Li Guang get it" (Biography of General Li in Historical Records). Tarquin put Li Guang, who was injured and ill at that time, between two horses and let him lie in a net bag made of rope. After walking more than ten miles, Li Guang pretended to be dead. He narrowed his eyes and saw a Xiongnu boy riding a good horse beside him. Li Guang suddenly jumped on the horse of Xiongnu boy, pushed the boy off the horse, took off his bow and arrow, and rode south with a whip. Hundreds of people in tarquin followed. Li Guangbian ran and shot at the pursuer, and finally escaped, collected the rest and returned to Beijing. Li Guang was handed over to the judge by the Han court, and the judge sentenced Li Guang troops to heavy casualties. Be captured alive by Huns, beheaded, and then atone with money and become a civilian. But Li Guang's amazing riding and shooting skills left a deep impression on the Huns, which is why the Huns called him "the flying general of the Han Dynasty". In his spare time, Li Guang once went to Lantian Nanshan (Lantian Nanshan, now the east of Lantian County, Shaanxi Province) with the grandson of Empress Yin. Nanshan in Lantian is the place where the screen dignitaries live. Dou Ying, Marquis of Wei Qi, died of illness and lived in Nanshan, Lantian for several months. ) Play in seclusion. One night I rode out with a follower and drank with others in the country. When I came back, I passed the Baling Pavilion, and a curfew was imposed in Baling. The commander of Baling Pavilion was drunk and shouted at Li Guang. Li Guang's partner said, "This is the former general Li. "Ting Wei said," Even the current general can't spend the night, let alone the former general! So he detained Li Guang and others and left them under the Baling Pavilion. "。 Soon, the Huns invaded western Liaoning and defeated Han Anguo who was stationed in Yuyang. So the emperor called Li Guang the prefect of Right Beiping. Li Guang immediately requested Emperor Wudi to send Baling Tingwei to go with him. In the army, Li Guang killed Tingwei, and then wrote to the emperor to apologize. The emperor reported, "General, he is a pawn of the country. Sima Fa said: When getting on the bus, don't touch the crossbar in front of the car, treat people with courtesy. In case of funeral, don't wear the prescribed mourning clothes according to the relationship between relatives and friends. When going out to fight, we must command the hearts of the three armed forces and cooperate with the soldiers. Only in this way can you not be intimidated by anger and everything will be obedient. That's because your reputation is exposed to foreigners, and your strength scares your neighbors. Revenge is my expectation for the general. If you kowtow and confess, is that what I expected? "It seems that the emperor did not blame Li Guang, but appreciated his practice. But this incident also reflects the narrowness of Li Guang's mind from one side. Han Anguo, a contemporary ancient scholar, was humiliated by the jailer Tian Jia in prison. Han Anguo said, "aren't you afraid of my resurgence? Tian Jia is very humorous: "If your old love rekindles, I should pee to put it out." "After being worshipped as beam civil history. After Tian Guzhi knew it, he ran away. Han Anguo said humorously, "If you don't escape, you won't kill anyone. If you run away, you will destroy its nine families. Family, afraid to go, had to plead guilty to Han Anguo. "。 Han Anguo smiled and said, "Show me the urine. "Han Anguo not only let the family go, but also treated him well. This is Han Anguo's tolerance for adults to ignore villains. But Li Guang can't. After Li Guang was appointed as the magistrate of Right Beiping, the Huns were afraid and avoided it. They dared not invade Right Beiping for several years. Li Guang went hunting and saw a stone in the grass. He thought it was a tiger, so he shot it with his bow and hit the whole arrow with his arrow. Look carefully, it turned out to be a stone. Shoot again and you'll never get in. As soon as Li Guang heard of a tiger, he often killed it himself. When he was in Beiping, he hit a tiger. The evil tiger jumped on Li Guang, and Li Guang hit the tiger with injuries. In order to be honest, Li Guang often gave his reward to his subordinates and ate and drank with the soldiers. He has been an official for more than 40 years, with a salary of 2000 stone, and there is not much extra property at home. He never talks about buyers' products and is deeply loved by officers and men. Li Guang is tall, with ape-like arms and a talent for shooting. His descendants and others, Li Guang, learned archery, but they were not as good as Li Guang. Li Guang is not good at words. When he lived in seclusion with others, he enjoyed archery and gambling on wine. He used archery as a pastime all his life. Li Guang loves soldiers like children, and he can take the lead in everything. When marching without water and food, the soldier doesn't drink all the water, and he doesn't go near the water. The soldiers didn't eat them all. He doesn't eat. It is not difficult for a soldier to be lenient and make him willing to do his best for him. When Li Guang shot the enemy, he asked himself not to make mistakes in archery, so he missed within dozens of steps. Often the enemy dies as soon as the arrow leaves the string. As a result, he was chased by the enemy many times, and he was injured several times because he was too close when shooting wild animals. Soon, Shi Jian died and Li Guang was appointed as a doctor. The doctor is the official in charge of the palace gate, but he has great actual power and is the main functional official of the emperor's forbidden area. In the sixth year of Yuanshuo (BC 123), Li Guang became a post-general again, followed the army of General Wei Qing, and made Dingxiang attack the Huns. Most of the generals were blocked because of the meritorious military service, but Li Guangjun failed. In BC 12 1 year, Li Guang, as a doctor, led 4,000 cavalry from Beiping (right) and went to the Xiongnu with the troops of Bo Wang Hou Zhang Qian. Li Guang's troops marched hundreds of miles, and were suddenly surrounded by forty thousand cavalry led by Xiongnu Zuo. The soldiers in Li Guang were very afraid, so Li Guang sent his son Li Ganxian to explore the enemy. Li Gan led dozens of cavalry, rushed into the enemy lines, broke into the Xiongnu encirclement, copied out the enemy's wings and returned. After returning, he reported to Li Guang: "Xiongnu soldiers are easy to deal with." Li Guang's sergeant didn't settle down until he listened. Li Guang lined up in a circle, facing the enemies around. Xiongnu stormed the Han army, and the arrows rained down. More than half of the Han soldiers were killed and wounded, and the arrows were almost shot out. Li Guang ordered the soldiers to draw their bows and not to fire. He shot several Xiongnu Bi (deputy) generals with a strong crossbow "rhubarb", and the Xiongnu soldiers were greatly frightened and gradually dispersed. At this time, it was getting late, and the officers and men of the Han Dynasty were all pale with fear, but Li Guang felt at ease and devoted himself more to rectifying the army. From then on, all officers and men in the army admired Li Guang's courage. The next day, he fought with the enemy soldiers again. At this time, Zhang Qian's reinforcements arrived at Bowanghou and solved the siege of Xiongnu. Li Guang's army was almost wiped out, and Li Guang's merits and demerits were offset, and he was not rewarded. Bo Wanghou Zhang Qian delayed his trip and was beheaded. Later, he made atonement with money and became a civilian. Li Guang fought in Xiongnu for more than forty years, but he never got the title of Marquis. At that time, he was Hanzhong Lang's cousin, "Cai Cijia" and "Second Best", which was the eighth in the Han Dynasty history. His fame is far lower than that of Li Guang. When he was Emperor Jing, Cai Li worked hard to get 2000 stones. In the fifth year of Yuanshuo, he was a general, and he did not arrive without pomp and was later named Hou Lean. In the second year of Yuanshou, he took the place of GongSunHong as prime minister, ranking third. Many of Li Guang's men were also named Hou, but Li Guang didn't get a title and his official position didn't exceed nine. Li Guang once talked to Wang Shuo, a fortune teller, and said, "If you attack the Huns, you are not one of them. However, if you are below a captain, you are not as good as a middleman. However, if you attack Hu Jun, you will get dozens of people, but you will not be descendants. But without size, you can't seize the city. " Do I think evil is wrong? Change your life? "("Historical Records Biography of General Li ") Wang Shuo said:" Did the general ever think about what he regretted? Li Guang thought for a moment and said, "When I was the prefect of Longxi, the Qiang people rebelled. I lured them to surrender, and more than 800 people came to surrender. I killed them the day they surrendered. The biggest regret so far is only this. " Wang Shuo said: "There is no greater crime than killing a fallen person. So it can't be sealed. "Yuan Shou four years (before 1 19), General Wei Qing and General Huo Qubing went deep into Mobei to fight against Xiongnu. Li Guang repeatedly asked to go out with the army, but Emperor Wu thought he was too old to use it. It was not until four years after Yuanshou that he was appointed as a former general to fight Wei Qing. Out of the fortress, Wei Qing learned that Khan was stationed, and Wei Qing decided to lead his troops to attack Khan head-on, while former general Li Guang and right general Zhao attacked from East Road. The east road is circuitous and far away, and there are few aquatic plants, which is not conducive to marching. Li Guang hoped to confront Khan head-on, saying, "I am a former general. Today, the general moved my minister out of the host country, and I fought the Huns. Now that I am a good Khan, I am willing to be the first, so I will die Khan first. " (Biography of General Li in Historical Records) But Emperor Wu thought that Li Guang was old and unlucky, and he always encountered various situations when going out to war, secretly telling Wei Qing not to let Li Guang confront Khan head-on. Li Guang resolutely refused to transfer. Wei Qing refused to accept his request, ordered Chang Shi to write down a document and told Li Guang to go to his unit and do as the document said. Li Guang left without saying goodbye and went back to camp in great anger. He led the troops to meet the right general and set out from the east road. The troops died without a guide or a guide, lost their way and fell behind the general, delaying the agreed military deadline. In the Battle of Mobei, Wei Qing "left the soldiers alone" and Li Wei was able to participate in the war. Wei Qing made a decisive decision, creatively used the new tactics of riding, shooting and riding, and ordered the troops to take Wugang vehicles as the camp, so as to prevent tarquin from suddenly attacking and make 5,000 cavalry attack the Huns. A slanting Khan went to war with 10 thousand riding. In this campaign, the Han army pursued more than 200 Li, and captured and beheaded the enemy 1.9 million people. However, Zhiyi tends to "regard Ma Shangqiang, the generalist of the Han army, as the disadvantage of the Huns", so he took advantage of the night arrival, rode a horse that was good at running, and led hundreds of strong men deus ex to flee to the northwest. Wei Qing pushed northward and invaded Yanshan Mountain (now a branch south of Ai Shan, Hangzhou), and seized a lot of food and munitions from the Huns. After staying here for one day, the Han army set fire to Zhao Xincheng and the surplus grain that could not be transported in the city and returned to the south. After arriving in Monan, Wei Qing joined Li Guang and Zhao. After the meeting, due to report to Emperor Wu, Wei Qing sent a long history to send dry food and wine to Li Guang, and asked about the loss of Li Guang. Li Guang didn't answer. Wei Qing's "making the long history urgent and blaming the Mo government for writing", "holding it" and "writing" refer to documents and decrees. There are two possibilities for the "shogunate" here, one is the shogunate of Wei Qing, and the other is the shogunate of Li Guang. Both shogunates are based on documents and can fight against each other. Li Guang said: "The commander is innocent, but I lost my way. I am in the book now. " (Biography of General Li in Historical Records) Li Guang returned to the military headquarters and said to his men, "Guangjie has fought against the Huns for more than 70 times. It is a good thing that he took over from the general, but the general moved to Guangbu and went back far, but he lost his way. It's just one day! And more than 60 years later, I can't get back to the official of the knife and pen (the official who sponsored the copy with a pen as sharp as a knife). "(Historical Records Biography of General Lee) Then he drew his sword and committed suicide. Li Guang's army of scholar-officials cried. When people heard about it, whether they knew him or not, whether they were old or young, they all shed tears. Li Guangyou had three sons, the eldest son Li Danghu died young and posthumous title Li Ling. Dai Jun satrap's second son, Li Jiao, also died before Li Guang. Li Gan, the youngest son, often goes to war with the army. When Li Guang died, Li Gan, as the captain, attacked Zuo together with Huo Qubing, fighting, taking Zuo alive and beheading a lot. He was awarded the title of Commissioner of Customs and 200 families in the food city. In the second year after Li Guang's death, Li Guang's younger brother Cai Li committed suicide because of sin, and then Li Gan succeeded Li Guang as a doctor. Soon, Wei Qing was injured despite the death of his father Li Guangzhi, but Wei Qing kept silent. Later, Li Gan went hunting in Ganquan Palace and was shot by the ancient general Huo Qubing. At that time, Huo Qubing was favored by Emperor Wu, who thought that "the deer will die" ("the deer will die")