Why is it brave to take risks? It is best to have real examples, not too long, but the key to writing is not just examples. Something more famous.

Ferdinand, a famous Portuguese navigator and explorer, sailed to Portugal (1505 ~ 15 12) and Spain (1519 ~152/) successively. Start from Spain, bypass South America, find strait of magellan, and then cross the Pacific Ocean. Magellan was killed in a battle with a tribe on the Philippine island of Makatan. Because of his death, Magellan lost the opportunity to become the first explorer who sailed around the world. Although he was killed in the Philippines, his ship continued to sail west and returned to Spain, completing its first round-the-world voyage. Considered to be the first person to sail around the world. Magellan's outstanding contribution lies not in the voyage around the world itself, but in his bold belief and excellent control of this cause. He was the first person to cross the Pacific Ocean from east to west. It took him more than three months' voyage to change the popular concept at that time: it only takes a few days to reach East India by boat from the New World to the west. The practice of Magellan's fleet sailing around the world proved that the earth is a round body. No matter from west to east or from east to west, there is no doubt that it can go back to its original place once it goes around our planet. This will always be an indelible great feat in human history.

2. The story of Zhang Qian

In BC 139, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to Yue. His mission is to help the people in this area resist the invaders. Zhang Qian was imprisoned by Huns for 1 1 year, but after his release, he went to explore western China. His travel route passed through Afghanistan, and no one had been so far west of China at that time. After Zhang Qian came back, Emperor Xian of Han heard the news about Indian, Middle East and European countries for the first time.

Zhang Qian was the first China man to cross Afghanistan. Later, China merchants took silk and jade articles, climbed mountains and crossed the Gobi Desert along the route from Zhang Qian to the northwest of China. This route was later called "Silk Road".

3. The Story of Xuanzang

Xuanzang is a monk who went to India, the birthplace of Buddhism, to learn Buddhist scriptures. He started from China, and the journey lasted 16 years, with a journey of 6? 40,000 kilometers, passing through Afghanistan, Kashmir and northern India. His trip was secret, because the emperor at that time did not allow China people to travel abroad. Xuanzang was in distress many times during his journey, and the danger mainly came from bad weather and steep Shan Ye. Xuanzang was almost killed by an arrow while drinking spring water. Later, he was imprisoned in the kingdom of Taksila in northern India. He almost froze to death in order to escape.

4. The story of Xu Xiake

Xu Hongzu (1586- 164 1), nicknamed Xia Ke, was an outstanding geographer and traveler in Ming Dynasty. Xu Xiake loved the landscape of China all his life. In feudal times, he overcame unimaginable difficulties and began to travel around the world at the age of 22. He has traveled to famous mountains and rivers for more than 30 years and has traveled all over Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau 17 provinces. Everywhere I go, I will write what I have seen and heard into diary-like travel notes according to my diary. The mountain landforms, headwaters, geology, climate, products and folk customs of various places are deeply excavated and described in detail. He inspected the distribution, types, causes and agricultural utilization of karst in southwest China in detail, and was the first person to study karst landforms in the world. In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (164 1), Xu Xiake died. His travels around the world were compiled into a book by Ji Huiming and others, named Xu Xiake's Travels.

5. The story of Liu Yutian

Liu Yutian, the first professional explorer in the history of China. 1942 Born in Changge County, Henan Province on February 26th, he was a cadre of Urumqi Railway Bureau in Xinjiang. Facing the challenge of foreigners,1May, 984, he resolutely gave up everything and started hiking on the Great Wall in Wan Li. After more than a year's arduous journey, he became the first person in the world to walk the Great Wall of Wan Li. Later, he trekked the Silk Road, the Loess Plateau and Lop Nur, Xinjiang, climbed Gelai Mountain and Kunlun Snow Mountain, inspected Shennongjia Savage, Himalayan Snowman and Rongbu Glacier, traveled along the Himalayas and Yarlung Zangbo River, tried to climb Mount Everest, and crossed the five deserts of China, such as Taklimakan and Gurbantonggut, in the Sea of Death three times. So far, he has completed 43 research, travel and exploration projects. He traveled all over Chinese mainland, and hundreds of newspapers, magazines and TV stations in Hongkong, Taiwan Province and even the world reported his adventures, calling him "a rare traveler and explorer in the 20th century".

Ups and downs! In the past ten years, he has crossed the desert alone, walked through the Gobi, climbed dangerous peaks and waded across rivers, filling a gap in exploration for the motherland with his blood, tears and sweat. Life and death! He took more than 10,000 black-and-white color photos with his own hands and wrote an adventure diary of more than two million words, covering politics, history, geography, literature, philosophy, art and archaeology. Several of his works have been published one after another and won many national awards, some of which have been selected as patriotic textbooks for junior high schools. The upcoming books include Legend of the Great Wall, Journey to the Silk Road, Mysterious Lop Nur, Crossing the Sea of Death, Adventures on the Roof of the World, Adventure Life, etc.

6. The first drift in the Yangtze River-Yao Maoshu

Ken. Warren (USA) formally applied to the China Municipal Government for Yangtze River rafting. Yao Maoshu first appealed that the Yangtze River is the mother river of the Chinese nation, and China people should complete the first drifting on the Yangtze River by themselves. 1985.6, after a year of preparation, Yao Maoshu went to the source of the Yangtze River at his own expense and began the feat of drifting alone. 7.24, trip 1300 km, capsized in Tongjiaxia, Jinsha River and was killed at the age of 32. Yao Maoshu's sacrifice shocked the youth in China in the 1980s, demanding to carry on Yao Maoshu's legacy, complete the whole drifting of the Yangtze River, and realize the feat of China people conquering the Yangtze River first.

7. A brave hiker-Yu Chunshun

Yu Chunshun, a native of Shanghai, is a professional explorer. Hiking and exploring alone in China. His ideal is to visit 9.6 million square kilometers of land and the main settlements of 56 ethnic groups.

His journey has reached more than 40,000 kilometers, covering 23 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. He visited 33 ethnic minorities and published more than 400,000 words of travel notes. More than 8,000 photos were taken along the way. In particular, it completed the first time that humans walked alone on the highways of Sichuan-Tibet, Qinghai-Tibet, Xinjiang-Tibet, Yunnan-Tibet and China-Nepal. A feat of conquering the "roof of the world". 1June, 996, Yu Chunshun came to the last stop of his life-Lop Nur Desert. For hikers, this is a dead zone, and almost no one has ever walked through it. Yu Chunshun will cross on foot. He walked into Lop Nur and soon there was a sandstorm. Yu Chunshun was killed.

8. Swing the crane top (1865 ~ 1952)

He is a world-famous Swedish explorer. He started his career exploration at the age of 16. Because of exploration, he has never been married, and lived alone with his sister for a lifetime. His name is not only a household name in his own country, but also loved and revered by people, just like Nobel.

Sven? One of the most important discoveries of Haiding was made while exploring the Taklimakan Desert 1894 to 1897 in western China. He solved the mystery of Lop Nur (a saltwater lake basin).

1900, Sven? Haiding discovered the ruins of Loulan City in the desert. 1905 After revisiting Tibet, the first detailed map of Tibet was drawn and the birthplace of the Indus River was discovered. Sven? Haiding continued to travel until he was over 60 years old. He wrote many books about his long journey. This made him one of the most famous explorers in the 20th century. Adventure trip, Sven? Haiding has collected more than 8,000 rock specimens and ancient civilization relics. These items are now kept in Sven, Stockholm, Sweden. Haiding foundation.

9. Columbus

Columbus (145l- 1506), a famous Spanish navigator, was a pioneer of great geographical discoveries. Born in Genoa, Italy, I yearned for sailing at sea since I was a child, especially like reading Kyle? Travel notes of Poirot. Kyle. The Travels of Polo vividly describes China, Indian and other eastern countries. In his eyes, these rich eastern countries are simply "arachis duranensis, full of spices."

By reading Kyle? In Polo's travels, Columbus always dreamed that one day he could travel around the world and personally visit the charming oriental paradise.

Today, when people talk about America, they can't forget the first person who discovered America-Columbus. On March 1493, Columbus "discovered the new continent". The New World is what Europeans call this new continent after discovering America and its adjacent islands at the end of 15. Before the discovery of the new continent, Europeans were not familiar with the American continent. They generally believed that there were only three continents in the world: Europe, Asia and Africa, and no other continents existed. He has found some maps of America now ~

10. Nansen, the first explorer to prove that the North Pole is an ocean.

Friedrich Chichev? Nansen is an Arctic explorer, zoologist and politician in Norway. He is famous in the scientific community for walking on the Greenland ice sheet in 1888, and sailing across the Arctic Ocean on the frame in 1893- 1896. Nansen also won the Nobel Peace Prize (192 1- 1922) for repatriating 500,000 prisoners of war from Siberia, China and other parts of the world, and for directly helping the hungry people in Russia. On March 1895, they bid farewell to their companions on board, took 28 dogs, 3 sleds, 2 kayaks, 1 tent and enough food and articles for 100 days, and arrived in journey to the south on April 8 at 8613 north latitude. However, with the arrival of spring, the ice and snow began to melt, and they could not move on, so they had to return. Unfortunately, I got lost on the road again, and finally arrived in Franz Josef's land at the end of August after a hard journey. They hunt for a living and live tenaciously. They lived in the stone house they built for eight months and spent the third winter. Later, he was a fortune teller. Fortunately, he met an English expedition and was saved. August 1896 returned to China. Coincidentally, on this day, the "Fram" also broke free from the ice north of Spitsbergen Island, and finally returned safely to Tromso, Norway after 35 months of sailing. During this period, they drifted north to 85 55 ˊ north latitude, not only the hull was intact, but also all the personnel were safe and sound, and they obtained quite rich observation data, which can be said to be full.

1 1. Messenger of Peace-Zheng He

Ma, whose real name is Xiao Zi, was born in Yunnan in the Ming Dynasty. He was a eunuch when he became a father and was given the surname Zheng.

1405 1 1 In July (the third year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty), Ming Taizu Chengzu ordered Zheng He to lead a huge fleet of more than 240 seagoing ships and 27,400 crew members to sail and visited more than 30 countries and regions in the western Pacific and Indian Ocean, which deepened the friendly relations between China and Southeast Asia and East Africa. From Liujiagang, Suzhou, to 1433 (8 years of Xuande in Ming Dynasty), it sailed 7 times at a time. For the last time, in April of eight years, Xuande returned to Guri and died on the ship.

Zheng He has been to more than 30 countries, including Java, Sumatra, Sulu, Pahang, Zhenwax, Guri, Siam, Adan, Tian Fang, Zoufal, Hume, Mugushu, as far away as the east coast of Africa, the Red Sea, Mecca and possibly Australia. These records all represent the pinnacle of China's maritime exploration, more than 80 years earlier than the western explorer Da Gama Columbus and others. At that time, the Ming dynasty was ahead of the west in navigation technology, fleet size, sailing distance, duration and related fields.

Zheng He is the messenger of peace and goodwill and the disseminator of Chinese civilization. The history of Zheng He's voyages to the West highlights that China has been facing the world with a peaceful attitude since ancient times, which shows that the Chinese nation is a peace-loving nation.

During these 30 years, foreign goods, medicines and geographical knowledge have been imported into China at an unprecedented speed. Relatively speaking, China has also extended its political space and influence to the whole Indian Ocean.

12. Brief introduction of deeds:

Columbus (Spain) Discovered the New World

Magellan (Portugal) sailed around the earth

Sven Hedin (Sweden) discovered the ancient city of Loulan.

Nansen (Sweden) explores the North Pole.

Amundsen (Norway) was the first person to reach the South Pole.

Scott (England) reached the South Pole second.

13 Ke Shouliang (Taiwan Province province) is the first flying man in Asia.

Flying over the Yellow River: 1 June 9971.

Time of flying over Potala Palace Square: June 65438+1October 65438+1October 2002.