Did you know that Confucius also studied beautiful women?

In The Analects of Confucius, there is a rare conversation between Confucius and Xia Zi, which describes beautiful women.

Xia Zi asked, "I am smart and smiling. I look forward to my beautiful eyes. I always thought it was gorgeous. " What is it? Confucius said, "Draw hindsight." Say, "After the ceremony?" Confucius said, "If you give to others, you can talk about poetry."

Xia Zi was fascinated by the description of beautiful women in The Book of Songs. Confucius' view is "painting after the event". Confucius thought that a beautiful woman's appearance is beautifully decorated, but the key lies in her good foundation (quality), which means that a person is very important internally.

"Poem Feng Wei Shuo Ren" is "soft, with skin coagulation, collar like cockroach (qiú) (qí)① and teeth like rhinoceros (Hü) (Xρ) ②; Qín first female eyebrow ③. Smile and look forward to it. "

This poem describes the beautiful appearance of a beautiful woman smiling.

Hope: eyes are black and white;

Newt: Scorpion bug. This is a metaphor for the beauty of women's necks.

Fingers as delicate as tender, skin as white as frozen, beautiful neck like salamander, teeth as white as seeds, square forehead and thin eyebrows. The dimples are wonderful when you smile. Beautiful eyes look around. Beautiful eyes. A kind of cicada. Small figure, square head, wide forehead, literary color. Shuo Ren describes the grand occasion of Gong Wei's wife Jiang Congqi and Guo Wei's marriage in the Spring and Autumn Period. Jiang Wei's beauty is amazing.

Confucius attached great importance to a person's quality. Confucius believes that a beautiful woman must have inner beauty and outer beauty, regardless of gender.

Confucius said, "Quality is better than literature, literature is better than history, gentle, and then a gentleman."

Confucius met a young man with a very good internal quality and wanted to marry his daughter.

The son often says to the grandfather, "You can have a wife. Although it is among them, it is not a crime. " With his son and wife.

Zi Min Nan Rong: "The state has a way, but it will not be abolished. The state has no way to avoid punishment. " Marry his brother's son as his wife.

Suddenly, I married two. A daughter and a niece.

Legend has it that Gongye Chang knows birds. One day, a crow told him, "Grandpa, there is a sheep on Nanshan. You eat meat and I eat intestines. " When Gongye Chang arrived in Nanshan, there was a sheep. As a result, he dragged the sheep home and forgot to leave a sausage for the crow. The crow thought he had broken his word and set him up. On this day, the crow said to Gongyechang, "Gongyechang, there is a sheep in Beishan. You eat meat and I eat intestines. " When he arrived in Beishan, he saw people around him. He shouted that I killed him. When he approached, he saw a murdered man and went to prison. Later, he understood bird language, washed away his grievances and made contributions to Lu. The monarch intends to make him a doctor, but the grandfather often looks down on him to learn bird language and refuses. Since then, grandpa often goes home and thinks behind closed doors. He was eager to learn, diligent in housekeeping, self-cultivation, and never became an official after studying all his life, which won the appreciation of Confucius.

Nanrong Sanfu Bai Gui, Confucius married his brother's son.

Nan Rong reads every day: "The shackles of Bai Gui can still be ground; You can't feel guilty for what you said. "

Of course, Confucius was a little male chauvinist. When you married your daughter, did you ask her if she liked this young man? Of course, at that time, ordinary women had no right to love freely at all, let alone Kong's daughter.

Because Confucius saw beautiful women, sometimes he didn't know how to deal with them, and sometimes he was embarrassed. The famous story is "Zi Jian Nan Zi".

Zi saw Nanzi, but said nothing. Confucius pointed out: "If you give no, God will hate it, and God will hate it!"

Nanzi's summons to Confucius probably caused some psychological trauma to Confucius. First of all, what Nanzi said when he summoned Confucius was quite arrogant. "Gentlemen in all directions do not disgrace their desire to be brothers with widowed gentlemen, and they will see widowed gentlemen. Widowed Xiaojun is willing to see. " This means that anyone who wants me to defend my country must visit me. I'm honored to meet you, Kong Old Master Q Q Of course, Confucius was very unhappy with this call, but he couldn't refuse it, so he had to do it.

One day, more than a month later, Wei Linggong took Nanzi on a trip. Eunuch Yongqu also sat together, and Confucius sat in the second car. The motorcade marched through the city. Confucius looked at the crowded backs of Wei Linggong and Nanzi and said, "I have never seen a person who loves beauty more than beauty!"

A man with a wife and a son in the south makes people call him Confucius: "A gentleman of all directions, who does not disgrace his desire to be a brother with a widowed gentleman, will see a widowed gentleman. The widowed Xiaojun also saw it. " Confucius had to politely refuse to see it. Madame is in the curtain. Introduction to Confucius, kowtowing in the north. Madame bowed from the curtain again, and the ring was full of jade. Confucius said, "My hometown is a Buddhist concept, so please answer it with courtesy." Lutz didn't say. Confucius said, "If you want to give without giving, God will hate it! Tired of it! " After living, Gong Ling and his wife were in the same car, and Yong Qu, an official, took part in the ride and went out, which made Confucius ride and show off the city for the second time. Confucius said, "I have never seen good virtue as lewd."

Note that the monarch's wife is called "madam" by the monarch, "child" by his wife, "your wife" by foreigners, "widowed gentleman" by foreigners and "your wife" by foreigners.

In fact, Confucius' EQ is really not high, and he doesn't know how to please women.

Confucius said, "Only women are hard to raise. If you are near, you will not be grandchildren, but if you are far away, you will complain. "

Kong Li, the son of Confucius, and Sisi, the grandson of Confucius, both have records of divorcing their wives. It can be seen that Confucius, who has a tendency of male chauvinism, does not know much about the art of getting along with women, and generally lacks the "pointed eel" style of compassion.

Confucius is a divorced man. Confucius' time was not called divorce, but "becoming a wife", which was later called divorce.

Confucius is probably not very handsome. If you don't understand a woman's mind, it's hard to do a good job in the relationship between husband and wife. Legend has it that the shape of Confucius' whole head looks very irregular, with a low middle, protruding around, big nostrils turned outwards, big teeth, small and dull eyes and more white than black.

Confucius' wife (whose surname (qí) came from the compound surname Guan Shi, and was later changed by Guan Shi) was guilty of "talking too much". Talking too much is a common fault of women, and talking too much is nagging. Who is Confucius? In order to keep up with the fashion, Confucius set up a private school. Is it tolerable to be scolded and sarcastic by your uneducated wife in front of students?

Confucius's "standing at thirty" was not much better before, and even he himself admitted: "I am cheap because I am few, so I can despise." Confucius once worked as a storekeeper, taking care of pastures for others. The Analects of Confucius, of course, does not record Confucius' ordinary marriage life, but it reveals that Confucius' life state is "eating without words, sleeping without words". The Book of Rites records: "Apollo's mother died, but she was still crying.

When the host heard this, he said, "Who is crying?" Confucius said,' carp is also.' Confucius said,' Hey! Worse. "Fish smell it and then remove it." Apollo is Kong Li, the son of Confucius. He was dressed in mourning and cried on the first anniversary of his mother's death. Confucius listened and asked who was crying. The student told him it was Kong Li, and Confucius said, Hum, there are too many. When Kong Li heard this, he took off his mourning clothes and stopped crying. Look, Guan Kai refused to forgive her after she died. It is not difficult to imagine how much pain Confucius suffered when he lived with her. Finally, Confucius was very picky when dealing with the official, picking his nose and eyes, embarrassing his wife and putting on airs.

This is well documented. Don't eat without cooking ("don't eat without cooking"), don't eat without proper sauce ("don't eat without sauce"), don't eat wine and cooked meat bought in the market ("don't eat preserved wine sold in the market"), illegally cut meat, don't eat ("cut it wrong, don't eat") and sit at the table. In fact, "not eating" is an illusion, and it is true to hate opening an official family.

I guess Confucius and his wife must have endured for a long time in the end. This aversion developed to Confucius' exclamation that "only women and villains are difficult to raise, and if they are near, they will not have grandchildren, but if they are far away, they will complain." A similar version was found in Zeng Shen, a student of Confucius. He once took Confucius as an example and "married off" on the grounds that "Chenopodium is not ripe" (Chenopodium is a vegetable).

Someone asked, is this a violation of the "seven out" rule? Zeng Shen replied: "Steaming quinoa is a trivial matter. I want to be familiar with it, but I don't need my life. What's the big deal? " Probably feel that this reason is a bit reluctant, and said: "Breaking up friends can make you friends, and abandoning your wife can make you marry. I just don't know him well. Why do you ask? "Why do you ask? If you want to "get out", you can "get out", let alone get married after your wife "gets out"! Although the reason of "adult wife" is untenable, it must be an unspeakable addiction for Confucius teachers and students to hate their wives.

The Book of Rites Tan Gong said that when Confucius III got married, Confucius, Kong Li and Confucius' grandson Kong Ji all divorced.

Book of rites? Talking about Business records: "Zisi's mother died in Wei", and Zheng Xuan, a Han Confucian, noted: "When she dies, her wife marries Wei".

Book of rites? Talking about Public Business records: "The mother of Zishang dies without mourning", and Zheng Xuan notes: "Zishang, the great-grandson of Confucius, is the son of Zisi himself, with a white name and a mother's birth". It can be seen that Confucius himself had a divorce experience, with his daughter-in-law remarried and his grandson thinking of divorce. However, the literature does not record the reasons for Zisi's divorce, so we can only speculate according to the records.

In Tan Gong Lu, Zi Si suggested that this woman, as my wife, is also the mother of my son. If she is not my wife now, she is certainly not my son's mother, so my son doesn't have to give her a funeral. On the issue of divorce, Zisi seems to be less open-minded than Confucius, and has unspeakable grievances against his ex-wife.

Of course, in his later years, Confucius also had a profound reflection on himself, so he was not so particular about it. Be able to forgive and understand others.

"Zi Gong asked:' Who can keep a word for life?' Confucius said,' Forgive me. Do as you would be done by. '