Mabian County Customs

The total population is 220,000, and the Yi people account for 37%.

First, life customs

(1) residence

Mabian Yi people are a small family with one room. Several households or dozens of households are mixed and adjacent to form a natural village.

The houses that Yi people live in are very short, mostly wooden beams, earth walls, double-slope roofs, wooden tiles and floor-standing structures with stones on them, which are called "tile houses". Yi people call it "Narrow Easy" or "Loquat Easy". There are also wooden columns, shingles and bamboo baskets. In winter, it is windproof and cold-proof, and the bamboo basket is surrounded by ferns or corn stalks. Yi is called "Zuyi"; Some thatched roofs or bamboo basketry are called "daily changes" or "batch changes". The existing tile houses with wood arrangement are gradually increasing, and the "daily change" and "batch change" basically disappear. Farmers and self-employed people in major towns such as Gaozhuoying, Tiejue, Yonghong, Baijiawan, Sanhekou and Xianjiapu have also built mixed mud brick houses with two or three floors.

Every Yi family has three rooms, with a kitchen and a living room in the middle and a bedroom and a place to store valuables on the right. The left side is used as a place to store grain mills and chicken houses. There is a fire pond in the upper left corner of the kitchen. Three stones stand around the pond to support the iron pot, which is called "Guo Zhuang", and the Yi people call it "Gannu". Make a fire in the pond for cooking, lighting and heating. Seats near the pond, the host is on the right (near the dormitory), the guests are on the left, and the upper right seat is expensive, not counting guests. The door is single.

After liberation, wooden beams were built in Han area, and tile houses with funny structures were arranged in five columns, two columns, three columns and four columns. Most of the walls are earth walls. With the improvement of living standards, well-off families build walls with bricks. Houses near towns and along highways include brick-wood houses with one floor and one floor, and concrete houses with several floors.

(2) Clothing

Mabian Yi costumes are beautiful and exquisite, with bright colors, unique patterns and exquisite embroidery. Clothing is completely different for men and women, and old people and children also have their own styles. Mainly: Shi Lu, A, Oh Yi, Oh Er, Zi, La, Yo, Pa, Hu, Hu, Yi Gang and Xia.

(3) Diet

The food of the Mabian Yi people is mainly corn, buckwheat and potatoes, supplemented by beans, oil wheat vegetables, root radishes and green vegetables. In recent years, with the support, help and technical guidance of agriculture-related departments, wheat, rice, sweet potato and other crops have been planted in mountainous areas, and a variety of foods have been added, and the grain output has been greatly improved. Meat includes pigs, sheep, cows and chickens, which are cooked or barbecued. Its unique flavor, its own national style food should be buckwheat cake, corn cake, soaked wine, meat, sauerkraut soup and so on.

(4) Instruments

stoneware

1, stone mill. Made of bluestone, it is pushed by the handle in operation and polished into a whole wood.

2. hey. The tamping column is mainly used for tamping grain, and it is made of a thick hard wood.

3. stone mortar. Used for seasoning, such as sea pepper, pepper and garlic.

4. Water tank. Chisel it with a whole stone.

wood furniture

1, the board on the tall. The diameter is about 30cm, and the mouth is sunflower-shaped. Painted with raw paint inside and outside, painted with red and yellow paint on the edge and outer surface of the pot, mostly used for holding rice and meat.

2. wooden bowl. Painted with raw paint inside and outside, decorated with red and yellow paint outside, used to hold soup and vegetables.

3. wooden bowl. Draw cat's eye, sun, moon and other patterns with colored pigments; Used to adjust food, stir-fry, noodles or use with wine.

4, hip flask. The pot body is oval, the two halves of the hip flask are buckled together, the top of the pot is in the shape of a pearl tower, and the pot body is decorated with colorful paint patterns. A bamboo tube is inserted obliquely from the upper end of the pot belly to the bottom of the pot. A bamboo tube is installed from the center of the sole to the center of the pot, and wine is injected from the bamboo tube of the sole. Drink from the bamboo tube at the top of the pot. No matter whether the hip flask is upside down or tilted, the wine will not overflow.

5. Wine glasses. Tall, small and exquisite wooden wine glasses made of eagle claws and wild goose claws are called "eagle claw wine glasses" and "wild goose claw wine glasses"; There are also bronze wine glasses, silver wine glasses and so on.

6, wooden spoon. The spoon part is oblate, and the handle is arranged on the side of the spoon and used as a spoon when eating; There is also a big wooden spoon with a long handle, which is used to scoop the soup in the pot.

bamboo articles

Bamboo bucket. The mouth is big and the bottom is small and trumpet-shaped. It has about 30 Jin of grain.

Zhu Sheng. Round, measuring device, can hold 3 kilograms of corn.

Bamboo baskets are cylindrical and small in size. Seeds can be hung around the waist when sowing, and can also be used for tea picking and harvesting. The other is rectangular or triangular, with large and thin holes for holding wooden spoons.

The dustpan is finely woven and has a large round flat bottom, which is used for kneading dough and drying grain.

Sweep the basket. Small size, angular edges and thin strips, used to hold rice or noodles; A special sieve with fine eyes at the bottom; Made of hard bamboo strips, it is a plane garden that uses corn exclusively.

Bamboo box. According to a certain pattern, it is rectangular with prismatic edges and a cover, which is used to hold clothes or valuables.

A dustpan for garbage collection, soil collection, fertilization and hard cooking.

Basket. Big mouth and small bottom, sparse eyes. It is used to fertilize the back and harvest corn.

Leather appliance

Armor, helmet made of cowhide hat shape, coated with several layers of raw paint inside and outside to protect the head; A is made of cowhide, perforated with small squares, painted with pigments, connected with ready-made clothes, and worn on the body to protect the body in wartime.

Hand protector. Cowhide is made into a tube and worn on your wrist to protect your hands.

Leather bowl. Made of cowhide, it is used to make fried noodles or as a wine set.

ironware

Copper bowl. The shape and use are the same as those of wooden bowls.

Copper pot. Light purple copper casting, shaped like a teapot with a lid, is generally used for outdoor cooking.

The mouth of the copper spoon is round and flat, with a handle for scooping water.

The household appliances of Miao people are basically the same as those of Yi and Han people in their neighbors.

(v) Traditional festivals

1, Kush

Kushi, that is, Yi people celebrate the New Year. The specific time is around the lunar calendar 10+05. About a month before the Chinese New Year, take the natural village as a unit. Please see that astrologers choose auspicious days as festivals. In order to better implement the policy of the party and the state to respect the customs and habits of ethnic minorities, it is conducive to the unified arrangement of holiday time of organs and schools and the production and living arrangements of people of all ethnic groups, and to improving the efficiency of administrative management. In June, 5438+10/October, 65438+in April, 2002, Guangdong government letter [2002] No.99 stipulated: "The fifth day of October in the lunar calendar is the Yi people's annual festival, and the fifth, sixth and seventh days of October in agriculture are the Yi people's annual festivals." In this way, the Yi New Year Festival in Leshan City is uniformly fixed on the fifth, sixth and seventh day of the tenth lunar month every year.

Prepare enough new year's goods before Kush. There are many taboos during the festival, such as no grinding, no chopping, no digging, etc. Therefore, in the first half of the year, the average family should cook soaked wine, grind corn chaff, buckwheat chaff, oil wheat flour and other staple foods in the New Year, and reserve firewood and fern. Push tofu and order konjac two or three days before the Chinese New Year; Sharpen the knife, tie up the pig rack, dig the ground stove and prepare seasonings (garlic paste, sea pepper, litsea cubeba, etc.) on New Year's Day. ), and have a family dinner in the evening. The Yi people call it the "Joyful Machine" and fry tofu with lard, meat, konjac and bamboo shoots every year. A well-off family has raised two pigs for two years, so it is necessary to kill one first, or kill a sheep and a chicken to worship their ancestors in their hometown for the New Year. China's New Year is usually three days, so enjoy it.

On the first day, it was easy to call it "Wu Yu", that is, killing pigs. The rooster crows to get up, clean the house, clean the house, and dump the garbage at the crossroads; After the guests near the fire pit are seated and replenished with fern grass for the New Year, they put the red-hot stones in the fire pit in a wooden basin filled with clear water to generate steam and make a sizzling sound. After bypassing the cooking pot, bedroom, household items and the rope tied to the pig for the New Year, pour the water outside the house to decontaminate. Yi people call it "Ersu". At dawn, women boil water on the stove outside the house, ready to scald pig hair, while boys press pigs from door to door. Let the pig howl when it is pushed down. The louder the sound, the longer the better. When killing pigs, someone holds a basin (salt, garlic, litsea cubeba and other condiments and clear water are put in the basin first) to receive pig blood to see if it is pure. Red is called "check" (meaning hot), pay attention to fire prevention and prevent drunkenness. Violet black indicates evil in the house. Deep red and light red are auspicious. Pig blood indicates a bumper harvest of grain and prosperous livestock in the coming year; The pig blood of Yi people has many uses, so we should cherish it very much. Such as sausage and bean dregs. Raw materials should be mixed with pig blood. After the pig is killed, it is ground and scalded with boiling water (or burned). After the hair is shaved, it is carried to "Yangan" or "Bess" (a special basket made of bamboo strips) or the ground covered with fern grass for laparotomy. Take pig spleen and pig gall to see the fortune, and hang the gallbladder on the post in front of the spirit tablet. For example, if the pig's spleen is flat, purple in color, and there is no gap or gap at the edge, it is auspicious. If there is injustice, someone will get drunk or have evil spirits at home. Bitter gall is better, which indicates a bumper harvest of grain in the coming year and a fat pig in the new year. Immediately take liver, kidney, spleen and breast, cut them into lumps and cook them. The Yi people call them "color tigers". First, put some kidneys, spleen, several pieces of liver, several pieces of meat and two pieces of pork into a "bitter cup" (wooden bowl) or a "tile" (bamboo dustpan), make a circle around the pot, and then pour the first bowl of soaked wine as a tribute to the ancestors. A soulless home is placed in the bedroom to worship the ancestors, and parents are alive to send them to enjoy. Sacrifice is arranged, and then invite others to dinner. After eating, you can send some "color tigers" to taste the food with your neighbors, which means everyone inside and outside the family will share it.

"Color Tiger" is a symbolic meal. After eating the "color tiger", you have to cook a formal meal.

Before eating "color tiger", six kinds of domestic animals, such as chickens, dogs and cats, should be locked and tied, and pig blood and pork should not be stained before ancestor worship. Only after eating the "color tiger" can six domestic animals be released.

On the first day of the Yi people's New Year, family members are very busy. After dinner, family members cook their own things, such as bacon, sausage and bean dregs. They won't finish their work until six or seven in the afternoon, or even 90 in the evening. After the bacon sausage was hung up, a fire rose in the fire pit and raw meat was smoked on the kang, day and night.

The next day, the Yi people called it "Duobo", which was a day to pay New Year greetings to each other. The cock crows to get up, chop the pig heart and lung into pieces, mix bamboo shoots and tofu to make heart-lung soup, and eat it before dawn, which means that the pig heart and lung should be finished early, and the farm work in the coming year should be finished early.

After breakfast, Yi Shanzhai became active everywhere, and people in the same village went door to door to pay New Year greetings. Every time you go to a house, you should shout "Hey ... Oh ... Happy New Year!" " (Happy New Year to Luo), the host shouted "Oh, Bo, Happy New Year" (Welcome to Happy New Year) and then entered the room. The host served the guests with a bowl of sparkling wine. The guest politely accepted the wine, praised the taste of the wine and asked the host "Wuji Houlle War" (whether the pig's spleen and stomach are auspicious). After the host gave a satisfactory answer, he also asked the guests questions about the spleen and stomach. Some guests also use their fingers to measure the fat of the meat hung by the host family.

Yi people are very hospitable. Treat each other with courtesy, wine and meat, regardless of strangers and acquaintances. New Year greetings from afar, whether relatives or strangers, should take the initiative to ask the guest's name, family support, place of residence, family status, food harvest and so on. , make people feel strange, their entertainment activities mainly focus on this day, such as wrestling, oral contest, Niu Niu gang (singing), playing cards until dawn.

On this day, there is also a gathering of "Ayi Shejie". In the morning, children in the natural village bring cooked pig's trotters and soaked wine to the designated place to share, which means unity and friendship.

On the third day, it is easy to call it "Wu", which means eating pig intestines. Pick fresh vegetables at five or six in the afternoon and cook them with sausage soup. It is said that eating fat sausage soup in the future means that food can only be eaten in the coming year, so as not to cause summer famine. On this day, all family members who go out to pay New Year's greetings will go home for the night. It is said that ancestors who come back from the Spring Festival will weigh all their families before going back to ensure their health. You should also pat the swollen pig bladder on the wall and leave a mark. Those people with big and deep marks will become big and fat in You Zhu in the new year.

On the fourth day, it is easy to call it "Apuji". The rooster wakes up and bakes a few thin buckwheat cakes in the pot, which means to take them to his ancestors on the way; Bake the meat, cakes and other sacrifices offered to our ancestors three days ago and put them in front of our ancestors' graves. Then scoop a little pig feed, put it in the pig trough, wrap the rope around the pig and put it in a bad place for the pig to eat. The ancestors are leaving, please take the New Year pig away. At this time, if a family with pigs and dogs is raised, the male owner will go out and stand on the hill and sing with the rooster, exhaling "Oh-wow! Oh-wow, "the dogs are barking, and some are still shooting. It means sending away ancestors, pigs and dogs will hunt more wild animals or summon treasures in the coming year. After the ancestor worship, take out the wine and meat for ancestor worship during the Chinese New Year holiday, first give the liver slices, kidneys and spleen to the elders, and then share them with their families.

In the future, every family should carry food such as wine, meat, buckwheat and eggs, and take their children to visit their parents-in-law and uncles.

2. Old ones

Suojiu in Yi language is a transliteration of Songjiu in Han nationality. The time is the night before New Year's Eve. Every family pushes tofu pudding and cooks pig's tail and thigh meat specially left by Yi people on the New Year's Day. A wealthy family should slaughter pigs, sheep or chickens to celebrate. Sacrifice the souls of ancestors.

3. Du Yan

Du Yan in Yi language is a transliteration of Duanyang in Chinese. It is the Duanyang Festival of the Han nationality and the festival of the Yi nationality. It is said that Duanyang Festival will do the following farm work, and young crops will suffer from pests, drought or waterlogging, so farm work is generally not done on this day. Early in the morning, pull out a handful of grass at home and hang a garlic at the door to symbolize evil spirits; If there are young children at home, string garlic and turmeric and hang them on children's hats and clothes to avoid the plague; Some went up the mountain to find gastrodia elata for storage as a backup medicine. It is said that gastrodia elata collected on this day is particularly effective in treating rheumatism and breast pain and mastitis of lactating women.

Duanyang Festival should be made of tofu pudding, and some should be celebrated by killing chickens. We all relax at home because we can't do farm work. Unwilling to be lonely, young people dress up, wear new clothes and skirts, invite each other and go to town in groups of three or five. Every year, the streets and alleys of the county are very lively, and brightly dressed Yi youths can be seen everywhere.

Second, etiquette.

(1) Marriage

Before the democratic reform, the marriage of the Yi people in Mabian was closely related to slavery, and a strict system of hierarchical internal marriage, family support external marriage and internal marriage of the Yi people was implemented.

In order to maintain the "purity" and "nobility" of their bloodline, Mabian Nuogang people will never marry with Jiegang's family branch and its following diggers and Xia Xi. In general, gangs don't marry diggers, and diggers don't marry Xia. The marriage between Jiegang and Dijia is self-deprecating, so generally Jiegang dare not marry Dijia easily. Only poor Jay just couldn't afford to marry Diga at a high price.

Neither Nuogang nor Jiegang in Mabian intermarried with other nationalities; There is no intermarriage within the same family branch, and aunts and uncles give priority to marriage. The Yi proverb says, "Needless to say, the aunts' daughters are all uncles' daughters-in-law, and it takes no effort for aunts to ask uncles' daughters to be daughters-in-law". Under normal circumstances, my uncle's daughter may marry my aunt's son. My aunt's daughter, my uncle's family, said that she was hiring and others could not recruit any more. If my uncle's family doesn't indicate the recruitment, my aunt's daughter will marry him and give her a gift when she gets married. If my uncle's family has indicated that the bride is married, my aunt's daughter will marry again, and the man will give my uncle another piece of silver as the opening money; Cousins are not allowed to marry, and the kinship terms between aunts and cousins of Yi people are the same as their brothers and sisters, commonly known as "pockmarked" and "Nemo". It means brothers and sisters, "aunts and cousins are like brothers and sisters, but the difference is that they don't live in the same house."

The Mabian Yi people practice monogamy. Polygamy also exists in a few agreed partners and rich partners; Generally, there are no children or children who have married a second wife; Some people have mistresses and third wives because they change rooms, but there is no such thing as a little wife. Unlike the concubine system of the Han nationality, each has its own door, and the husband takes turns living.

Transfer, easy to call "stone". After her husband's death, a woman is still in childbearing age and should be passed on to her husband's brother. According to the habit of "my brother died and my cow died", try to be brothers first. If you don't have brothers, push them by blood. If there is no suitable candidate among peers, they can also be transferred to their elders or younger generations, but the upper and lower generations are no more than three generations. Niece can be transferred to uncle, stepmother can be transferred to son, and daughter-in-law can be transferred to father-in-law. But cousins can't pass it on to their husbands' fathers because their aunts' daughters are their fathers' nieces. A biological mother cannot pass it on to her son.

Yi women must pay a high dowry (body price) when they get married. The dowry money depends on the family's social status and property, ranging from dozens of taels to thousands of taels. Xia and a small number of women who dig nails are married by their masters. Only sex is valuable, but not sex.

In addition, there are cases where sisters marry one husband, eldest sister remarries her brother-in-law, and a small number of marriages are robbed.

1, matchmaking. Yi people call it "Fu Hejun" or "Fu Xia Mu". In the past, the Mabian Yi people advocated early marriage, and their parents arranged the marriage. Generally, in childhood, men and women are arranged by their parents or relatives (family support), and the matchmaker is entrusted to match the bridge and get married by fortune telling. Generally speaking, there are two forms:

First, the man's family takes a fancy to a prestigious family, and the woman to be married invites the matchmaker (mostly a man with matchmaking experience, easy to call "rich mother is wrong") to the woman's house to match. When the matchmaker goes to the woman's house, he first explains his purpose to the other party, and then introduces the family background, family background, age and personality of the man's family. After asking for permission, I asked how much I was worth. After the woman's family put forward the preliminary price, the matchmaker conveyed the woman's request to the man's family. After the man's family has discussed the requirements put forward by the woman's family, let the matchmaker convey his opinions to the woman's family. This was repeated many times, and the matchmaker ran back and forth several times. The engagement can only begin with mutual consent.

The other is a kind-hearted matchmaker, who thinks that when men and women are suitable for marriage, they first put forward the idea of marriage to the man's family or the woman's family, and after obtaining the consent, they propose marriage on behalf of one party to the other. Engagement can only be carried out after mutual consent is obtained in the same way.

In recent years, the matchmaking and marriage promotion of the Mabian Yi people have been greatly improved. The trend of respecting the opinions of both men and women is widespread and growing, which is no better than the image of bones and family status, and there are a large number of free marriages, in which men ask the matchmaker to act as a matchmaker after young men and women fall in love freely.

In the past, Mo Kou (equivalent to the supervisor) or the festival director acted as the matchmaker for the engagement of the partners. Most engagement parties are attended by family members and neighbors at the same level as the matchmaker.

2. Engagement. Yi people call it "Omu". After the matchmaking agreement is reached, the man chooses an auspicious day and informs the woman's family of the engagement date. At that time, the man's family invited several people to take most of the bride price money (the bride price money can't be paid in one lump sum) and wine to the woman's house. At the end of the day, the girl of the woman's family symbolically splashed water on the guests. After entering the room and sitting down, the guest explains his purpose to the host and pays the engagement fee to the other party; The other party uses a dustpan filled with corn seeds (buckwheat seeds or bean seeds) to collect the engagement money, and takes out a little cash (usually five yuan, ten yuan, dozens of yuan) as a gift to the guests (pay attention to sending chickens before the civil reform); Then kill the pig to entertain guests, take out the pig gall, and watch the good or bad (Yi people call it "the promise of Houlle"). If the gallbladder is big and yellow, and the pancreas is straight and fat, which symbolizes auspicious match, you can enter into an engagement; If the pancreas is curly, it doesn't match. It is symbolic to look at good or bad luck. Generally speaking, it is not possible to decide whether the two families get married or not by the good or bad luck of bravery and spleen. Even if the gallbladder and spleen are fierce, they will justify themselves. The next day, the woman's family also sent several people to the man's house. The man's family also kills pigs to entertain guests, and takes pig bile and pancreas to see good or bad luck. At this point, the engagement ceremony is over.

After "Russian Jammu", both parties shall not go back on their word, and both men and women shall not marry or have sex with others casually. If one party breaks the contract and reneges on the marriage, it will compensate the other party financially in the form of "one egg for two", and it is also necessary to drink and wash your face and "have more tea" (meaning to drink hot soup and kill pigs and sheep as gifts for the other party).

3. Send a dowry. Yi people call it "Northern Jueru". After the engagement, the man's family decides the date of marriage according to the woman's age. Women 17, 19, 2 1, 23, etc. can hold weddings. After the wedding date is set, when the divorce period is about 1 month, the man sends the prepared dowry-pleated skirt (and some money) to the woman, and sends the remaining dowry, a pair of chickens and a pig to inform her of the wedding date by SMS.

Three to nine days before the wedding, the bride goes on a diet and only eats a little eggs and water to prevent defecation on the road when she leaves; As a result, some people can't support themselves and stay in bed.

On the first day or a few days before marriage, the woman's family will hold a "Amisi" (meaning to marry a woman), which usually lasts for two days; On the first day, "Weiya" was a banquet for family members. Relatives should be informed of the date of "Amisi" before, and then relatives will go to North Korea in droves with wine, money and so on. Because marrying a woman is an occasion where family members are easy to concentrate, the elders intend to lead their young children and introduce themselves to other relatives who come to pay New Year greetings so as to take care of each other in the future. In this case, the relatives and uncles of the bride who eat uncle money (Yi people call it "Othor") and uncle money (Yi people call it "Pan Othor") not only send a bucket of soaked wine, but also send the whole pig with internal organs. The scene is very lively. In the evening, the girls sang farewell songs around the bride who was going to get married. The song is beautiful and contains sad tunes, which makes people feel sad.

At the same time, the man's family also held a "Vijay" to entertain relatives on the first day of the wedding day.

One or a few days before the wedding, the man sent an odd number of young and middle-aged men, 7, 9, 1 1 ... to get a jar of wine, two pigs and other bride price for the woman. One of them must be the groom's younger brother and cousin, wearing a hat on his back, which the Yi people call "Xianmubei".

When the bride's wedding procession enters the courtyard or gate of the bride's house, the bride's sisters and companions rush up and throw cold water and pot ash on the bride's wedding platform while beating. Splash and laughter filled the door until the woman's elders stepped forward to stop welcoming guests. Relatives came into the house, handed the wine and pigs to the housekeeper, and the host toasted the guests. The host and the guests greeted each other, drank the wine, and then ate. After dinner, there will be a wrestling match. The host and guest will choose a child to compete, and then an adult competition will be held. In the evening, the host and guest each produce a good singer to compete in songs, called "Zhuo" or "Gang", until one side gives in, so they often stay up all night. When the cock crows in the morning, dress up the bride, put on new clothes and comb her hair in a single braid. The sisters sang "wedding songs" to say goodbye. At dawn, the bride puts on a new felt shirt and a bride's flowered hat to cover her face and chest. The groom's brother or cousin carries the bride on the road, and then the wedding guests take turns to replace her (before liberation, horses were used and people rode on her back). There is no limit to the number of people going to see the bride off. Most of them are brothers and uncles, and one or two sisters wait on the bride. On the way to transport the bride, it is forbidden to rest on the ridge or slate. If the bride needs to replace it, she must lay the floor with thread felt so that the bride can sit down and rest before replacing it. You can't cross the bridge on the way, you have to wade through it. When carrying the bride across the river, one of the boys carrying the bride was strong, and the others lined up side by side, arm in arm, trying their best to help the bride and the bride cross the river safely. It is unlucky to prevent the bride from getting wet and falling into the water. For example, on the way, I met another wedding team. For the outdated, both sides should do everything possible to stay above each other, and some even have to walk a mile or two to avoid it. If it is really unavoidable, the two brides should send stitches to each other, which means that sisters get married at the same time, regardless of each other and don't rush each other; The number of stops on the road must be odd, preferably 9. If the journey is long and the bride spends the night on the way, she can only stay in the wild and can't stay in the same family.

Before the arrival of the wedding bride, the groom's family set up a temporary shed near the house to prepare wine and meat to wait. When the bride was a few miles away from her in-laws' house, the groom sent several young people to meet relatives with wine as a sign of respect. When the bride arrived, she put herself in the shed and dressed neatly before entering the house. An old man took off the red and blue line from the bride's head and put it under the threshold of the new house (the red and blue line is a sign of women's first marriage, but remarried women don't have this sign). Accompanied by a bridesmaid designated by the bride's family, bring the bride into the room. At this point, the host family began to entertain guests, ten people and eight people in a pile, sitting on the floor. Whoever comes to congratulate, regardless of relatives and friends, regardless of whether there is a gift, will give wine and meat, or eat or take it, and listen to it. At the same time, the eldest sister-in-law specializes in making buckwheat noodles for the bride and groom, combing the bride's hair and combing the single braid into double braids. After combing the hair, the groom's brother will carry the bride from the new house to the hall. The boys at the farewell party took this opportunity to play with the boys and girls and hold their heads to ask the girls for drinks. After a while, the two sides sent wrestling experts to wrestle outside the house, and the negative party of the wedding banquet had to adjust its lineup and win it back. It's better for both sides to draw. After that, the host and guest sat around the fire drinking and gesticulating, and each side chose a knowledgeable and fluent person to participate in the competition. The man gives the gift money to the giver (not directly to himself, but collected by a giver on behalf of the group). When going home from the farewell party, the host took wine to the roadside to see the guests off. The wedding reception is over.

The remarried bride stays at her husband's house for 3 to 1 1 day and then comes back (some on the wedding day). The groom leads 5 to 9 relatives and friends, takes 1 to 2 sheep, a jar of wine, some buckwheat bowls, boiled eggs and so on. Go back with the bride to visit her parents-in-law. As soon as the bride left her in-laws' house, the groom's sister or brother stopped her, hugged her and looked back at her in-laws' house, meaning to remember her and bid farewell to her in-laws and brothers and sisters.

At the bride's house, the bride first dresses up under the peach and plum trees and bamboo bushes outside the house, dressed as when she first got married, and then the bride and groom follow closely into the house, and no one else can get in the way at the door. At this time, the sisters of the bride tried their best to splash water on the new uncle, but they must not splash water on the bride by mistake, so the scheming groom went into the room next to the bride when he passed this pass, and there was no water at all. After entering the room, give the gift to other responsible persons. The father-in-law's family raised a glass to welcome the new uncle, and the new uncle borrowed flowers to offer Buddha, first honoring his mother-in-law. Then a man toasted his father-in-law, uncle and elder. The woman slaughtered the sheep brought by the groom and entertained guests and neighbors and relatives who came to celebrate. The next day, the new uncle and his relatives came back, and the father-in-law wanted to give his son-in-law a certain gift, either money or chicken. The bride lives in her parents' house.

After living for a period of time (usually not on New Year's Eve), the husband's family held a ceremony on an auspicious day to return to her family. Yi people call it "Aunt Simon Jonah". My in-laws sent the groom's brother to welcome the bride back. The bride is accompanied by her father, uncle, brother and maid of honor (which can be borne by sisters) to her husband's family, who slaughter pigs and sheep to entertain guests. The required livestock and wine will be borne by the groom's sisters if they get married. At the same time, the husband's family should send money and things to relatives. The next day, the bride's father and brother turned around, leaving the bride and maid of honor to live in her husband's house temporarily. During this period, the husband-in-law will invite Bimo to hold a sacrificial ceremony, and the bride will accept "Okihe" with the husband-in-law (spinning pigs, sheep and chickens on the head of the whole family in order to eliminate disasters and pray). When Bimo recited the Evocation Sutra, he read the bride's name into the ranks of her husband's family. From then on, the bride is a veritable husband's family, and she must attend every sacrifice to the bride.

After the sacrifice, the bride can go or stay. If she returns to her hometown, the man will not send anyone to meet her. In the future, the husband is responsible for three invitations and four receptions, and the bride can go back and forth freely during holidays, busy farming seasons and sacrificial activities.

A woman who sits at her parents' house after marriage, no matter how old she is, does not settle in her husband's house in time. There is no fixed time limit for confinement at home, or one year, three to five years or longer. It will not be officially settled in the husband's family until the husband's family asks or the bride is pregnant. When a woman is pregnant with her first child, her family will give her a lotus leaf hat to wear with her daughter, indicating that she is a mother.

After the people's reform, especially in recent years, with the development of economy and the deepening of reform and opening up, the quality of young Yi men and women has been greatly improved. Under the influence of changing customs, more and more young men and women are free to fall in love, and their marriage is simple and the procedures are simplified, which has greatly improved their marriage.

(2) Funeral

The Yi people in Mabian were cremated after death. Funeral generally includes four processes: wearing shroud, mourning, going out to mourn and soul crossing.

Before a patient wearing a shroud dies, a sheep (or a pig) is tied around him. When he dies, a special guardian will strangle the sheep or kill him with a chicken to show that he will ascend to heaven with the soul of the deceased.

The mourning for the body of the deceased was put in place, and the family members wept bitterly, and at the same time fired a gun or fired a gun to report the funeral. After hearing the crying, the neighboring families came to offer their condolences. The old people comforted the relatives of the deceased, while the young people helped their families with housework.

Crematorium is generally selected on the mountain near the village, and a grave is dug in the cremation place. On the pit, there are four thick raw firewood in the shape of "well" in the southeast and northwest, on which other corpse-burning firewood (nine floors for men and seven floors for women) is piled, and wet firewood is placed on the ground. The corpse, together with the head of the stretcher, was placed on a woodpile facing east, covered with branches. The offerings were: corn or buckwheat, packed in bamboo baskets, a wooden basin filled with water (Kulang in Yi language) and a wooden spoon (Ruler of Yi language), placed on its side, and then the torch drawn by it was "Cuobai State" (Cuobai State At this time, everyone else came back, and only a few people were sent to burn a fire at a certain distance from the graveyard, sitting around waiting for the corpse to burn. After cremation, the ashes were buried in the grave, covered with earth, and 5 to 7 stones (7 men and 5 women) were erected as epitaphs. If the deceased is an old man, after cremation, the ashes will be scattered in a deep bamboo forest, praying for the deceased to bless future generations and flourish like a bamboo forest. After digging in the cemetery, sprinkle buckwheat seeds or rapeseed.

Dozens of days, months, or years after the death of the soul, the children should ask Bimo to choose an auspicious day, go to the crematorium to make a spirit tablet, and then take it home to worship, so that the soul of the deceased can be entrusted from now on, which is called "Ma Dushou" in the Yi people.