Brief introduction of Wang Shouren.

Nicknames: Wang Yun, Wang Yangming, Mr. Yangming, Gong. Font size: the word Bo 'an is Yangming. Time: Ming Dynasty. Ethnic group: Han nationality. Place of birth: Yuyao County (now Yuyao City), Shaoxing District, Zhejiang Province. Date of birth: 1472 65438+ 10/0/. Time of death:1529 65438+1October 9. Main works: Sleeping in Tianchi at night, listening to thunder under the moon, knowing the heavy rain on the mountain the next morning, two poems of Yuan Dynasty, sunny in spring, please learn from the poems of Tian Nanshan, a peasant general, and Zhongshan Mountain. Main achievements: quelling the rebellion of Sitian Zhuyao, exterminating thieves in southern Jiangxi, and establishing "Yangming Mind".

About the details of Wang Shouren, we will introduce you from the following aspects:

First, Wang Shouren's poems

"Two New Year Poems" and "Sleeping in Tianchi, listening to thunder under the moon, knowing that it was raining heavily the next morning, poems about climbing mountains, poems about traveling, two poems sent by people from all walks of life to Longli Road Middle School, a collection of items, a collection of rhyming days, a collection of respecting classics and banishing grain. Please learn from them.

Second, the impact

Wang Shouren, a politician, had a rough life. He used to be the director of the Ministry of Punishment and the director of the Ministry of War. Later, because he offended Liu Jin, he was demoted to work in Longchang, Guizhou. Shortly after being hunted by Liu Jin, Wang Shouren was promoted to the rank of Luzhou County Magistrate, and later became the director of Nanjing Criminal Department. After that, he was promoted repeatedly, worked as a doctor in the examination department for seven years, and then was promoted to Shao Qing of Taibu Temple. Zheng Dejiu, secretary of crack hon temple. In the 11th year of Zheng De's reign, Wang Qiong, the minister of the Ministry of War, recommended Wang Shouren as the governor of Zhang Ting, the right capital and the southern capital. After putting down Wang Ning's rebellion, he was named Xinjian Bo. During the reign of Qin Long, he was made a marquis, also the minister of Nanjing Ministry of War, and then the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. Wang Shouren was the second civilian in Ming Dynasty who was knighted for his service.

Wang Shouren, a military strategist, is known as the "God of Daming Army" and has made outstanding achievements in his life. In the 13th year of Zheng De's reign (15 18), Wang Shouren put down the rebellion that had plagued Jiangxi for three years. The following year, King Zhu of Ning launched a rebellion in Nanchang, quickly occupied Nankang and Jiujiang, and planned to take Nanjing and go north. At that time, Wang Shouren, the governor of Gannan, used clever means to confuse the rebels and took advantage of the emptiness behind Ning Wang to occupy Nanchang. Finally, he defeated the rebels in the decisive battle of Poyang Lake and captured Zhu and his son, Li Shishi, Liu, Wang Lun and others. The war lasted only 43 days. In his later years, he led the army to quell the robbery in Tengxia and Guangdong and died on his way home. Wang Shouren's greatest military achievement in his life was to quell the rebellion of Ning Wang Zhu Chenhao in Hongdu. When he was going to Fujian to wipe out bandits (there were not many troops), his troops had just marched to Fengcheng, and Ning Wang Zhu suddenly rebelled. Therefore, Wang Shouren actively prepared for war, allocated rations, repaired equipment, and then issued a denunciation of thieves and robbers, published an indictment against Wang Ning, and asked all localities to arise and be diligent. At that time, I was most worried about the invasion and occupation of Nanjing by Zhu Dong, the king of Ning. If Nanjing falls, Ning Wang will have the capital to claim the title of emperor, and at the same time occupy the geographical position, which is hard to destroy. Wang Shouren bluffing, using false propaganda and false information, disturbed Wang Ning's sight in the city, forcing him to make a wrong judgment, thinking that various armies had formed a trend of encirclement. At the same time, he used counter-measures and ordered people to sneak into Nanchang with wax pills, which made Wang Ning doubt his subordinates' strategy of attacking Nanjing. Ning Wang was really taken in. He hesitated for half a month and was at a loss. He dare not send troops to attack Nanjing. Wang Shouren took advantage of this opportunity to prepare to defend Nanjing, making it impossible for Wang Ning to attack Nanjing. In July, King Ning led 60,000 men, captured Jiujiang and Nankang, and crossed the river to attack Anqing. At this time, Wang Shouren has mobilized 80,000 troops (mainly local militia and farmers), claiming to be 300,000. Wang Shouren summoned his soldiers to ask how to retreat from the enemy. It was pointed out that Anqing should be given first aid. Wang Shouren said, "Jiujiang and Nankang have been occupied by the enemy. If we cross Nanchang to save Anqing, we will be caught between Scylla and Charybdis. Now Nanchang is empty, and our army is full of momentum, which can be broken in one fell swoop. When the enemy heard of the fall of Nanchang, they would certainly return to the division to save it. At this time, when we meet him in Poyang Lake, we will definitely win. " Due to a lot of propaganda work in the early stage, it was lied that a large number of troops attacked the city, but Nanchang has actually fallen apart. Two days later, Wang Shouren sent generals to meet Wang Ning's army in five ways. Four divisions marched in and ambushed all the way. After the war, Wang Ning's army was quickly attacked between Scylla and Charybdis and was divided into several parts. Later, he was ambushed and defeated, and fled to the eight-character brain area. Seeing a genial smile, King Ning quickly dispatched the elite troops from Jiujiang and Nankang to attack, and sent several troops to meet and win Nankang. This battle is quite fierce and it is a key battle. Once the loyalist retreated, Wang Shouren immediately beheaded the evacuee and ordered the army to fight to the death. Finally, the enemy was defeated. The enemy surrendered to the woodshed area and arranged the ships in a square. King Ning took out gold and silver jewelry to reward the soldiers and rewarded them with thousands of dollars, asking them to fight well. But Wang Shouren saw the defects of Wang Ning's army phalanx (Cao Cao used "even ships are phalanxes"), and he decided to follow Battle of Red Cliffs's example and set fire to the ships. The next day, King Ning held a "morning meeting" on the boat. Wang Shouren's army came, put grass on the boat and set fire to Wang Ning's auxiliary boat. The imperial secretary and officials of Loufei's family dived in succession. Wang Ning's flagship ran aground, unable to move, and hurriedly transferred to the ship to escape, and was caught by Wang Yangming's men, and other civil and military ministers in Wang Ning also became prisoners. Soon, Nankang and Jiujiang were also captured by loyalists, and Wang Ning's rebellion was completely quelled, only for 35 days. Therefore, Wang Shouren is called "the God of Daming Army". Later, Ming Wuzong went to war under the pseudonym of "Zhu Shou, Commander-in-Chief of the Governor's Military Affairs", and Jiang Bin was up to no good, inciting Wu Zong to fight against Wang Ning and personally arrested him. Wang Yangming showed kindness to eunuch Zhang Yong, indicating that doing so would kill more people. Finally, the result of coordination is: let Ming Wuzong go to Nanjing, and then let Wang Ning be captured by the emperor, and everyone is happy. Visible Wu Zongzhi fatuous.

The writer Wang Yangming's literary achievements are also very high, but they are often concealed by his achievements and philosophy. Wang Yangming's famous essays "Lu" and "Tiantiao shows that all people were born in Longchang" are included in "View of Ancient Literature". There is a comment in Sikuquanshu: "The integrity of observing benevolence and making meritorious deeds is outstanding in practice, but its poems are elegant and unique for the prosperity of cultural relics, and its writings are unique and handed down from generation to generation." Wang Yangming wrote poems in his early years, seeking perfection deliberately, and integrated into philosophy in his later years. Wang Shizhen's "After Wang Wencheng's Collection" commented: "Bo An is a poem, and teenagers are interested in finding a job, but they are motivated by talent, unable to pursue further studies, and obsessed with the law; In his later years, he tried his best to return to China, but he was still led by the image of a teenager, so the rate could not be deeply integrated and came from nature. Its conceit is two things. "

Calligrapher Wang Yangming can also be called a master of Ming Dynasty in calligraphy. His works are mainly cursive. Wang Yangming integrated the theory of mind into calligraphy, enriching China calligraphy theory.

Philosophers inherited Lu Jiuyuan's thought that "mind is reason" and opposed Cheng's method of seeking "reason" with things. Because things are endless, it is tiring to find "reason" from one's own heart, thinking that "reason" is in one's own heart, thinking that "reason" has become everything in the universe, and people are delicate. In the relationship between knowledge and action, it is emphasized that knowledge is more important than action, and there are actions in knowledge and knowledge in action. The so-called "integration of knowledge and practice" is inseparable from the two. Knowledge must be manifested in behavior, if not, it can't be regarded as real knowledge. Wang Shouren has three masterpieces handed down from generation to generation, namely "The Complete Book of Yangming" (namely "Wang Wen's Right to Success"), 38 volumes (compiled by his master) and "University Questions". University Question is considered to be the most important philosophical work of Wang Yangming. Yangming's theory of mind still has a wide influence in modern China. Xiong Shili, one of the founders of modern neo-Confucianism, and his disciple Mou Zongsan both inherited and developed Yangming studies. Xu Fancheng, a famous scholar, studied China, Indian and European thoughts for decades, and praised Lu Wang's mind in his later years. Jiang Qing, a contemporary Chinese mainland scholar, also praised Yang Ming. The post-Yangming school was spread to Japan through Zhu Shunshui, a Yuyao native. Tougou Heihachirou, a famous Japanese military strategist in modern times, was deeply impressed by Wang Yangming's theory. His waist tag was engraved with the words "worship Yang Ming all his life". Wang Yangming's theory of mind is the spiritual power and ideological guidance of Japan's rapid rise in modern times. Jiang Zhongzheng is also a believer in Wang Yangming's theory, so he changed his name to Cao Shan in Yangming Mountain. Yangming School gradually evolved into seven schools: Jiangyou School, Nanzhong Wangmen School, Minyue Wangmen School, Beiwang Wangmen School, Chuzhong Wangmen School, Zhezhong Wangmen School (left) and Yinyang Leftist School (Taizhou School). In the relationship between knowledge and practice, starting from "the universe is one", we oppose Zhu's "foresight" theory. Wang Shouren thinks that since we know this truth, we should carry it out. If you just claim to know and don't practice, it can't be called real knowledge. Real knowledge cannot be separated from practice. The real unity of knowing and doing is to do what you know, and knowing and doing happen at the same time. His aim is "if there is something wrong with the engine, knock it down, and it needs to be completely eradicated so as not to lurk in the chest." Beijing Jiaotong University, Northeastern University and Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics regard it as part of the school motto. Wang Shouren has experienced many deaths and hardships in life. At the age of 50, he put forward the academic purpose of "to conscience" as if the finishing touch: "A certain theory of conscience comes from many deaths and tribulations, so I want to speak it out at once. I am afraid that scholars will treat it as a child's play, treat it as a situation, treat it as hard work, and treat it as ignorance! " Human nature is good and conscience is ready, but we should know how to guard against fear. The so-called "cautious independence" (being alone is like being in a public place, words and deeds are in line with etiquette), "walking on thin ice" and "see no evil, don't listen to indecent assault, don't say indecent assault, don't move indecent assault", so that your conscience is not polluted by any means. Wang Yangming explained: "The noumenon of a husband's heart is righteousness. The so-called conscience is also a sober natural consciousness. A gentleman's ability to prevent terror will last forever, but it shows that the noumenon of spiritual awareness has nothing to hide, nothing to disturb, nothing to apologize for, nothing to be ashamed of, nothing to do, nothing to do, nothing to do, nothing to do, nothing to do, nothing to do, nothing to do, nothing to do, nothing to do, nothing to do, nothing to do, nothing to do, nothing to do, so it is called. It was born out of the eternal existence of heaven and the endless (intermittent) fear of caution. Who says awe is a burden?

Third, memorial buildings.

Former Residence Wang Shouren's former residence is located in Vu Thang Road at the northern foot of Longquan Mountain, Yuyao Town, Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province. In the eighth year of Chenghua (1472), Wang Shouren was born here. According to the central axis from south to north, the main buildings in the former residence are hall, sedan chair hall, brick gatehouse, hall, Ruiyun building and back building. There are wings on both sides of the hall. The former residence covers a total area of 4,800 square meters. Ruiyun Building, where Wang Shouren was born, has been restored as before and has become a museum of historical sites in Wang Shouren. The main hall is a place for the discussion and important celebrations of the Wang family. Other buildings, such as the brick-carved gatehouse and sedan chair hall, have maintained their original appearance after years of vicissitudes. 1997 was announced as a cultural relics protection unit in Yuyao in March.

Tomb Wang Shouren's tomb is located in Xianxia Mountain Villa, 2 Li south of Lanting Town, a calligraphy holy place in Shaoxing County, Zhejiang Province. The tomb was built in the eighth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1529), and was renovated many times during the reign of Kangxi and Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. In the forty-ninth year of Qianlong (1784), Emperor Gaozong made contributions to Nanxing, renovated it, conferred the title of "famous talent", and built a four-pillar stone archway in front of the tomb. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Tao Guang, the general of Kuomintang stationed in Shao, erected a monument. 1988- 1989 Shaoxing county cultural relics protection has completely renovated Wang Shouren's tomb, which was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit in May 2006. In 2006, Shaoxing County Cultural Development Center completely renovated Wang Shouren's tomb. Wang Shouren's tomb faces south, with its back to the mountains, rising step by step, with a wide field of vision and excellent geomantic omen. The tomb has a diameter of 10 m, a total length of more than 70 m, steps of more than 100, and four platforms, all of which are carefully carved with stones. It is a typical Ming Dynasty tomb building in Zhejiang. At the foot of the cemetery covering an area of nearly 2,000 square meters, dozens of trees surround Gu Song, creating a solemn environment. The original appearance of history is well preserved. Take bus No.303 in downtown Shaoxing and get off at Huajie Station, then walk to the Red Box. When you see the gate of Xianxia Villa, go in and take the left. I asked several villagers before I found this place.

Fourth, life

Wang Shouren was born in the middle of Ming Dynasty, when political corruption, social unrest and academic decline occurred. Wang Yangming tried to turn the tide and save people's hearts, "advocating the study of body and mind, advocating the teaching of conscience, and cultivating all things as one." Wang Shouren, born in the eighth year of Ming Chenghua (147265438+1October 3 1), was born in Yuyao County, Shaoxing (now Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province) on September 30th. After he was born, his grandfather Wang Lun named him Wang Yun, and the place where he was born was renamed Duanyun Building. After five years old, he still can't speak. A monk said that his name was broken and his family was renamed Wang Shouren.

At the age of twelve, Wang Yangming officially attended a normal school. At the age of thirteen, his mother Zheng died and lost his childhood, which was a great setback for him. But he is ambitious and has a unique mind. I once discussed with Mr. Shu Shi what is the most important thing in the world. Unlike ordinary people, he thinks that "imperial examination is not the first priority", and the most important thing in the world is to study and be a saint. At that time, the country's political affairs were corrupt and the rebels were everywhere. During the reign of Emperor Yingzong, Emperor Yingzong was captured by the Mongolian Walla Department, and the court paid reparations. This incident cast a huge shadow on Wang Yangming's young mind. He vowed to learn the art of war well and serve the country. At the age of fifteen, he wrote to the emperor many times, suggesting to suppress the peasant uprising, but all failed. In the same year, I visited Juyongguan and Shanhaiguan for one month. Looking at the Great Wall, he already has the ambition to run around.

At the age of seventeen, he went to Nanchang to marry Zhu Yanghe's daughter Zhu Shi, but no one could find him on the wedding day. It turned out that on this day he met a Taoist priest who was meditating there, so he asked the Taoist priest for advice. The Taoist told him about keeping in good health once, and he sat quietly with the Taoist until his father-in-law called him back the next day. At the age of eighteen, he and his wife Zhu Shi returned to Yuyao and took a boat to Guangxin. Wang Yangming paid a visit to Lou Liang. Wang Yangming was glad that Lou Liang taught him the theory of "learning things and knowing people". After reading Zhu's works, I thought about the so-called "both inside and outside are fine, and every grass and tree feels" Song Confucianism. In order to practice Zhu's theory of "learning from others", he made up his mind to be poor in the sea of bamboo. He learned nothing for seven days and seven nights, but he fell ill. Since then, Wang Yangming has had great doubts about the theory of "Wu Ge", which is the famous "observing benevolence and Zhuge" in the history of China's philosophy.

When Juren was twenty years old, Wang Shouren took part in the provincial examination for the first time and won the Juren. Later, he was more suitable for discussing military affairs and was good at archery. However, at the age of 22, Li Dongyang, the first assistant of the cabinet, smiled at him: "If you don't win this time, you will win the department championship and strive to be the department champion." Wang Yangming's pen hangs, and the old man in the DPRK is surprised as a genius. Jealous people say that if the young man wins the first prize, he will be arrogant. At the age of twenty-five, I failed the exam under the pressure of taboo. Some students are ashamed of not winning. He smiled and said, "You are ashamed of not being the first, and I am ashamed of not being the first to be tempted.

Twelve years after being demoted to persuade Hongzhi to study, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites at the age of 28. Because of his excellent examination results, he was awarded the second place in Nangong and the seventh place in Meier to observe the political work department. Before the funeral, Weiningbo Wang Yue also talked about eight things, such as the prevention of the northwest frontier, and then entrusted the punishments to decide the prisons in Jiangbei and other places, and then requested to return to China due to illness. For a long time, I used the master of the Ministry of War. In the winter of Zheng Deyuan (1506), eunuch Liu Jin was good at politics and arrested more than 20 people including Nanjing Yushidai. Wang Shouren didn't want to save people, but she angered Liu Jin. He was sentenced to 40 by the historian and demoted to Longchang, Guizhou (seventy miles northwest of Guiyang, xiuwen county) as the secretariat of Longchang. He came to the southwest mountainous area of China, where Miao and Liao lived together. Wang Shouren personally persuaded the local people to study and was loved by people. During this period, he had a new understanding of the central idea of the university. Wang Shouren believes that the heart is the root of everything, and everything in the world is the product of the heart. He realized that "the sage's way is self-sufficient and seeking truth from facts is also a mistake." During this period, he wrote "Dogma Showing All the Students in the Dragon Field", which was called the enlightenment of the Dragon Field. In the 13th year of Zheng De's reign, Governor Wang Shouren became the governor of Jiangxi, and quickly suppressed the uprisings in Xinfeng and other places. In July, Wang Shouren read the war and suffered great losses, and the court allowed him to woo. The rebellion ended in 1 1 month. The following year, King Zhu of Ning launched a rebellion and dispatched troops to assemble troops in Yuanzhou (now Yichun, Jiangxi). At first, Zhu was fooled by a trick, which made Zhu think that the court was ready, and the rebels dared not act in Nanchang, thus gaining time for assembling troops. After Zhu discovered it, he led the troops to attack Anqing and took advantage of the emptiness in the rear to capture Nanchang. Finally, the two sides fought a decisive battle in Poyang Lake. After three days of fierce fighting, Wang Ning was defeated and captured, and the rebellion in Wang Ning lasted for 43 years.

Wang Shouren, who founded the college, resigned at the age of 54 and returned to his hometown to give lectures. He founded academies in Shaoxing and Yuyao to promote "Wang Xue". In the sixth year of Jiajing (1527), he was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong and Guangxi armies. Before he left, he carefully studied four teaching methods in Tianquan Bridge: no good disgusting body and good malicious actions. Knowing good and evil is a conscience, and doing good and evil is a matter. After the rebellion, he went to Shanghai to beg for refuge because of lung disease. 1528 1 1 29th, Shi Mao (1529, 65438+18th: 00, 9th) died of pneumonia in Qinglong Port, Dayeng County, Nan 'an District, Jiangxi Province (now Dayu County, Jiangxi Province). On his deathbed, the disciple asked him what his last words were, and he said, "What can my husband say when his heart is clear?" After his death, the court posthumously awarded him Dr. Guanglu, Zhu Guo and Xinjian Bo. When Qin Long was a marquis, he was called Xinjian Hou. In the twelfth year of Wanli, it was enshrined in the Confucius Temple.