What are the common fallacies in life? Why are there these fallacies?

Instead of directly responding to other people's criticism, you use criticism as your reply-"Didn't you ever ..."

You want to respond to criticism with criticism, so as to avoid the responsibility of defending yourself. You imply that the other person is a hypocritical person, but no matter whether others are hypocritical or not, you are just avoiding criticism from others.

Example: When arguing with Xiaohong, Xiaoming pointed out that Xiaohong had made a logical fallacy. Xiaohong didn't defend herself directly, but responded: "You made a logical fallacy before." Xiaohong committed the fallacy of resorting to hypocrisy here.

2. Personal doubt

Draw a conclusion that something may be false because you don't know or have enough knowledge.

Some very complex concepts, such as biological evolution, need some basic understanding and knowledge. Some people think these things are wrong because they don't understand these complicated concepts.

Example: Xiaohong pointed to a stone and said, "You say the theory of evolution is true, so let this stone evolve for me." Xiaohong committed the fallacy of personal doubt.

3. One-sided fallacy

When your point of view is proved wrong, you use special cases to excuse yourself.

Humans don't like being proved wrong, so when they are proved wrong, they always try to excuse themselves. People always think that what they thought was right before must be right, so they can always find reasons to ask themselves questions. Only honest and brave people can face their mistakes and admit that they have made mistakes.

Example: Xiaohong said that she has a special ability to calculate the sex of an unborn baby with tarot cards. But after the baby was born, she found that her guess was wrong, so she said that the fortune teller lacked faith. Xiaohong made a one-sided mistake.

4. Summarize the problem

When you ask a question, you add inducing elements, so that the other party can only answer according to your meaning.

You try to force the other person to answer your low-level questions with leading questions, thus undermining rational discussion.

Example: Xiaohong suspects that her husband Sun Yue is having an affair. To find out, she asked him, "Is there a birthmark on Hsuanchan's ass?" Xiaohong used a leading question.

5. Burden of proof

You think the burden of proof is not on the person who puts forward the opinion, but on the person who questions it.

When someone puts forward an opinion and the result is questioned, you think the burden of proof is not on the person who puts forward the opinion, but on the questioner. You can't falsify a thing, or you can't prove its rationality by citing counterexamples. Of course, just because there is not enough evidence to show that a thing is reasonable does not necessarily mean that it is unreasonable.

Example: Xiaohong said that he believed that the universe was created by an all-knowing and all-powerful God, whose name was Keng Dad. Because no one can prove that there is no pit dad, and there is a pit dad. Xiaohong committed the inversion of the burden of proof.