Fortune teller Yao

Qin Shihuang, known as the first emperor in the history of China, was the first emperor to unify the Central Plains and the most successful emperor in the history of China. As we all know, China was reunified by destroying six countries. But what else did he do? Here is a brief summary: First, centralization of authority has been established; Before that, there were many enfeoffment countries in China, each country had its own monarch or king, and the central Shang or Zhou had limited control over the vassal countries; Wars often occurred between vassal States, which greatly affected economic development; Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and established a multi-level management grass-roots structure such as county, county, township, pavilion and Li directly managed by the central government; This management structure has lasted for more than two thousand years and is still continuing. Second, unify writing and currency. In the past, countries used different languages, and the documents exchanged with each other were often not understood by each other, which was very inconvenient for national culture and communication. Qin Shihuang's forced unification into writing, as the only normative culture in China, has been in use for more than two thousand years and is still in use today. Different currencies are used in different regions, such as round, knife, shovel, shell, tortoise shell or jade piece. Qin Shihuang unified the currency into outer copper coins, which remained in use until the Qing Dynasty more than 2,000 years later. Third, unified measurement. What are weights and measures? Before Qin Shihuang, there were various units of measurement everywhere. For example, if you want to buy a foot of cloth, you don't even know what a foot means in other places, or a catty of rice is not called a catty here, but another unit; Qin Shihuang stipulated a unified unit of length, called minutes, inches, feet and feet. These names are still in use; The unit of measuring tool volume is called closing, lifting and bucket; The unit of weight (balance) is called baht, two pounds and stone, and these units are still in use today. Thai baht is because the weight of copper coins is measured in Thai baht. For example, half a pair of copper coins is called 5 baht, and later "1 baht" is called "1 coin". Or 10 yuan = 1 two. Four, the construction of chidao, dredging rivers and channels. That is, the highway connecting counties in the country (equivalent to the current national highway and provincial highway). It has greatly strengthened the links between various places. 5. Build the Great Wall. Originally, there were some Great Walls between countries, but the Great Wall in the north was incomplete. After reunification, he ordered the original Great Wall between countries to be demolished, and then the Great Wall in the northern part of Qin, Zhao and Yan countries was connected to prevent the Huns from invading the south. Left us with the world-famous Great Wall of Wan Li. Sixth, open up the frontier. When the Central Plains countries were fighting with each other and had no time to look north, the Huns took the opportunity to invade the south and attack the northern border areas of Qin, Zhao and Yan. After Qin Shihuang annexed the six countries, he sent hundreds of thousands of troops to the northern expedition, defeated the Xiongnu and stabilized the northern frontier; Baiyue, who marched south to Lingnan, incorporated Guangdong and Guangxi into Chinese territory. The above are some brief summaries of Qin Shihuang's work; These things never happened before him, originated from him and took more than two thousand years; After him, all emperors made achievements in governing the country under his institutional framework. The great achievements they created largely benefited from the foundation laid for them by Qin Shihuang. How much work does it take to complete so many institutional and cultural changes and countless construction projects without the previous ones? Moreover, it was only 1 1 year from Qin Shihuang's annexation to his death. In this short period of 1 1 year, Qin Shihuang completed such a huge work at an unimaginable speed, which laid the foundation for China's imperial society for thousands of years. Qin Shihuang is not only a king with great talent and great strategy, but also an efficient player. It can be said that in the history of China, no other emperor or saint can do it except Qin Shihuang. Look at other wise emperors in history, such as Emperor Gaozu, Liang Wudi, Emperor Taizong, Song Taizu, Zhu Yuanzhang, Judy and so on. Which of their "great achievements" can be compared with Qin Shihuang? What substantial things have they left for our Chinese nation, and what "software" have they left that can be used for thousands of years? In this respect, Qin Shihuang is undoubtedly the greatest king who made the greatest contribution to the Chinese nation in the history of China. However, Qin Shihuang's position in people's minds is far less than that of other emperors. Why? Because Qin Shihuang was given the title of the number one tyrant. This title of "tyrant" not only defiled the peerless brilliance of his life, but even became the villain in legends and dramas. The status of such a greatest king is often surpassed by others.

Negative evaluation

Because Qin Shihuang promoted the Legalist theory of "ruling the country according to law", and later the rulers of China promoted the Confucian theory with benevolence and the golden mean as the core. Therefore, Qin Shihuang often appears as a negative example in various essays and historical records. Such as Jia Yi's On Qin and so on. Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor quotes Jia Yi's On Qin: 1. The king of Qin was greedy for money, self-motivated, didn't believe in merit, didn't kiss the gentry, abolished kingship, established private rights, and prohibited documents from abusing the law. After bullying the former righteousness, it began with tyranny. According to historical records, the actual situation is just the opposite. 4. If one person is in trouble, the seven temples will be destroyed, and he will die and laugh for the world. Why? Benevolence and kindness are not applied, and the tendency to attack and defend is different. Qin Shihuang was disguised as a tyrant by many writers, and he could do anything for power. The Great Wall of Wan Li, Qin Chi Road, Lingqu, Epang Palace and the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor are all very large, and the population of the whole country is under construction. Many documents denounce the death and injury of many people in the construction process, but on the other hand, they have further developed the transportation in various places and contributed to the future transportation, economy and trade and the integration of all ethnic groups.