The most mysterious triangle in the world! On the rise and fall of dynasties from the changes of Egyptian pyramids

The history of the pyramids began with the stepped pyramids on the left. After that, the pharaohs of the 3rd dynasty continued to build the stepped pyramids, but the result ended in a short time. The real pyramids were built in the hands of Sneferu, the first Pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty. His son Gufu carried them forward and successfully built the largest pyramids in history. Then came the heyday of the pyramid age, when he inherited the Pharaoh Kabra, and the real pyramid became the mainstream.

However, the size of the pyramids gradually decreased in the later period of the Mongolian koala era. When Mengkoala succeeded Pharaoh Shep Cesca, it was built into the tomb of Mastaba. During the Fifth Dynasty, the size of the pyramids continued to shrink, but this was because the focus was on the complexity and internal relief of the temple, which was an accessory building of the pyramid complex.

Nevertheless, after the end of the ancient kingdom, the power of Pharaoh declined, making it impossible to build pyramids. Egypt was reunified in the Middle Kingdom era. Although the pyramids were built during this period, the technology was not as good as that of the ancient kingdom. Then, in the era of the new kingdom, the small golden pagoda of the first Pharaoh, Ahmed I, and its affiliated mausoleum were finally replaced by rock tombs.

The tomb of Mastaba, the predecessor of the pyramid.

In the early dynasty before the pyramids appeared, a tomb named "Mastaba Tomb" was built. "Mastaba" means bench or bench in * * * language. As the name implies, several tombs will be set on a rectangular platform. The large tomb of Mastaba in the early dynasty was concentrated in Sakala.

Tomb of Zomastaba

Although Zuo Saier built the famous stepped pyramid, before that, he built Mastaba's tomb with sun-dried clay bricks in Beit khalaf, north of Abedos.

The development and decline of pyramids

It reached its peak when it developed from the ladder pyramid to the Guff pyramid. Then it turns from prosperity to decline.

Pyramid of Unnis

Height: 43 meters

Location: Sakala.

Construction period: 2342 BC? Before 2322

The Wunis Pyramid in the Fifth Dynasty was the smallest pyramid in the ancient kingdom.

Shep Cesca's Tomb of Mastaba

Height: 18m

Location: South Sakala

Construction period: 2486 BC? 2479 years ago

Built in South Sakala, far from the belief center of the sun god Giza.

Pyramid of Monkoala

Height: 66.5 meters

Venue: Giza

Construction period: 25 14 BC? 2486 years ago

One of the three great pyramids. Smaller than the other two.

Great pyramid of gough

Height:146.5m.

Venue: Giza

Construction period: 2579 BC? 2556 years ago

The largest pyramid. The internal structure is also very complicated.

The Arc Pyramid of Sneferu

Height:105m

Venue: Dashur.

Construction period: 26 14 BC? Before 2579

From ladder pyramid to transition pyramid, challenge the real pyramid.

Left stepped pyramid

Height: 63 meters

Location: Sakala.

Construction period: 2665 BC? 2645 years ago

The earliest pyramids in the world and the oldest stone buildings in Egypt.

Brief introduction of the author

Kondo Jiro

195 1 was born in Suginami, Tokyo. Professor of Archaeology and Director of Egyptology Institute, Waseda University. After graduating from the Department of Western History of the First Literature Department of Waseda University, he entered the Department of Literature Studies of the Institute of Waseda University to study for a doctorate in archaeology, and dropped out after the course expired. 1976 joined the Egyptian investigation team of Waseda University.

198 1 year1October ~1September, 1983 as an international student sent by the Ministry of Education, Asia and other countries to study at Cairo University in Egypt. After that, he engaged in the excavation and investigation of ancient sites all over Egypt. Investigate and study the grottoes and tombs of Thebes cemetery group on the west bank of Thebes during the new kingdom of Egypt. Specializing in Egyptology, Archaeology and Ancient Astronomy.

His main works include The Origin of Fifty Things (a new book by Yanbo Junior), Appreciation of Ancient Egyptian Scriptures (a new book by Jiyingshe), Egyptian Archaeology (a new book by Tongcheng), Egyptian Archaeology (published by Waseda University on demand), Mythical Origin of Known Constellations: Nile Constellation in Egypt, and Mythical Origin of Known Constellations: Ancient Mesopotamia Constellation. There are many translations, such as The Golden Mask of Tutankhamun by Nicholas Reeves (original research), Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Valley of the Kings by Nicholas Reeves/Richard H Wilkinson (original research), Egyptian Fine Arts by Romil Malec (Yanbo Bookstore), and Lecture on the First Experience of Scripture by Bill Manley (original research). (The above titles are all temporary translations).