Fortune-telling for Truman _ The Eight Characters of Truman

What is the practical significance of Truman Doctrine?

1March 947 12, the United States put forward "Truman Doctrine".

After the Second World War, Germany, Italy and Japan were completely defeated, and the strength of Britain and France was also seriously weakened. Only the United States has achieved a dominant position in the capitalist world by virtue of its economic and military strength developed in the war. On February 2 1947, Britain sent a note to the State Council, claiming that due to domestic economic difficulties, Britain could no longer provide economic and military assistance to Greece and Turkey after March 3 1 and hoped that the United States would continue to provide assistance. 1947, 12 In March, President Truman of the United States read a national pirated document that was later called "Truman Doctrine" and made a speech hostile to socialist countries. After debate, the two houses of Congress passed the aid bills for Greece and Turkey on April 22nd and May 8th respectively. The US Congress allocated $400 million to the Greek and Turkish governments to help them suppress the people's revolutionary movement. "Truman Doctrine" is synonymous with interference in other countries' internal affairs, and its proposal marks the official beginning of the "Cold War" between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Truman Doctrine

This is President Harry Truman's speech to the National Assembly on March 1947 12. This article clarifies the direct background of the speech. The idea that the United States supports free countries to resist "totalitarian regimes" is generally regarded as a new drastic change in American foreign policy, and its influence on the whole world is equivalent to 1823' s announcement that the western hemisphere is no longer dominated by European colonialism. The Soviet Union regarded Truman Doctrine as an open threat from the United States to Soviet-controlled areas and Soviet-Russian expansion.

The grim situation facing the world today forces me to attend the joint meeting of the two houses of Congress. Let's talk about China's foreign policy and national security.

I want you to consider and decide on a current situation, which is related to Turkey and Greece.

The United States has received an urgent request for financial and economic assistance from the Greek government. ...

Today, the survival of Greece is threatened by the terrorist activities of thousands of armed men led by * * * *, who are fighting the government's jurisdiction in many places, especially along the northern border of Greece. ...

If Greece is to become a self-reliant and self-respecting democracy, it must receive assistance. The United States must give such assistance. We have given Greece some relief and economic assistance, but it is not enough. Democratic Greece has no other country to turn to for help. No other country is willing or able to provide the needed support for the democratic Greek government. ...

Turkey, Greece's neighbor, also deserves our attention. Turkey will become an independent and economically sound country in the future. For all freedom-loving peoples in the world, this future is obviously as important as the future of Greece. ...

After the war, Turkey asked Britain and the United States to provide more financial assistance to implement the modernization plan necessary to safeguard national integrity. Turkey's national integrity is crucial to maintaining order in the Middle East. ...

As in the case of Greece, if Turkey wants the assistance it needs, it must be provided by the United States. We are the only country that can provide such assistance. ...

One of the main goals of American foreign policy is to create an environment in which we and other countries can shape a non-threatening lifestyle. This is a basic problem in the war against Germany and Japan. Our victory is to defeat those countries that want to impose their will and way of life on other countries.

In order to ensure that the peaceful development of all countries is not threatened, the United States advocates the establishment of the United Nations. The United Nations was established to make all its Member States enjoy permanent freedom and independence. Unless we are willing to help free countries defend their liberal system and national integrity and oppose those aggressive actions that impose totalitarian political system on them, we will not be able to achieve our goal. Obviously, the totalitarian political system imposed on free countries through direct or indirect aggression destroyed the foundation of international peace and thus the security of the United States.

People in many countries in the world have recently been forced to accept totalitarian political systems against their will. The U.S. government has repeatedly protested the use of pressure and threats by Poland, Romania and Bulgaria because it violated the Yalta Agreement. I must also point out that many other countries have similar developments.

At the present stage of world history, almost every nation must choose one of the two lifestyles. Most of this choice is not free choice.

A way of life is based on the wishes of most people, which is characterized by a free system, a representative government, free elections, personal freedom, freedom of speech and belief, and freedom from political oppression.

The second way of life is imposed on the majority based on the will of a few people. It relies on terror and oppression, manipulated newspapers and broadcasts, default elections and suppression of individual freedom.

In my opinion, American policy must be to support all free countries, those countries that resist armed minorities or try to conquer their external pressure.

I believe that we must help free countries to arrange their own destiny in their own way.

I think our help is mainly through economic and financial support, which is necessary for economic stability and an orderly political process.

The world is not static, and the status quo is not sacred. However, we can't listen to methods such as coercion or tactics such as political infiltration and change the status quo in violation of the UN Charter. The United States helps free and independent countries to defend their freedom, which will help the principles of the United Nations Charter come into play.

We only need to look at the map to understand that the survival and integrity of Greece are very important in view of the far-reaching situation. If Greece falls under the control of a few armed forces, it will have a direct and serious impact on its neighbor Turkey. Chaos and turmoil may spread throughout the Middle East. Moreover, people in some European countries, on the one hand, are treating wartime wounds, on the other hand, they are overcoming all difficulties and striving to safeguard their freedom and independence. If independent Greece is destroyed, it will also have a serious impact on these countries.

It would be an unspeakable tragedy if these countries, which have struggled for a long time under very unfavorable circumstances, lose the victory they have paid for it. The collapse of the free system and the loss of independence are not only a disaster for them, but also a disaster for the whole world. Those neighboring countries that strive to maintain freedom and independence will soon lose confidence and may even fall into failure.

If we don't help Greece and Turkey in this critical period, the impact will not only affect the West, but also reach as far as the East. We must take decisive action immediately. ...

The seeds of totalitarian political system are nourished and developed by suffering and lack. They spread and grow in the disaster land of poverty and unrest. When a nation's hopes for a better life are dashed, such seeds will grow into great plants. We must keep this hope. Free people all over the world expect us to support them in defending their freedom.

If we hesitate to play a leading role, we may endanger world peace and certainly endanger the prosperity of our country. ……

Influence: The guiding principle and expansion plan of the United States seeking world hegemony after World War II. 1March, 947 12, American president H.S. Truman put forward "containing communism" as the guiding ideology of the country's political ideology and foreign policy in his speech on aiding Greece and Turkey. The latter guiding ideology is called Truman Doctrine. The State of the Union address pointed out that the direct reason for aiding Greece and Turkey is that the United States will replace Britain and fill the vacuum in the Eastern Mediterranean. He also pointed out that people's revolutionary movements and national liberation movements in any country "endanger the foundation of international peace and the security of the United States." Declare that the world has split into two hostile camps, one is "totalitarian regime" and the other is "free country", and each country is faced with two different lifestyle choices; Therefore, it is declared that "American policy must be to support those free peoples who are resisting the conquest attempts of armed minorities or external pressure", that is, the United States should undertake the mission of "guardian of the free world" and act as the world gendarmerie. The message initially expounded the domino theory, and believed that if Greece fell, it would immediately endanger Turkey and the whole Middle East, and its influence would not only affect the East, but also the democratic system in the West. Therefore, he asked Congress to take immediate action to provide 400 million US dollars of military assistance to Greece and Turkey. 1947 On May 22nd, Truman formally signed the aid bill for Greece and Turkey. According to this bill, by 1950, the United States will provide $659 million in aid to Greece and Turkey.

Truman Doctrine is a major turning point in American foreign policy. Together with the Marshall Plan implemented by the United States at that time, it formed the basis of American foreign policy, which marked the end of the Sino-US-Soviet alliance in World War II and the beginning of the Cold War, and also marked the establishment of the world hegemony of the United States as the largest country after the war. In the following 30 years, Truman Doctrine has been the basic principle of American foreign policy and played a leading role.