Who are the descendants of the Ten Witches in Lingshan?

From the Mountain and Sea Classics and the Wild West Classics.

"There is a mountain in the wild called Fengju Yumen, and the sun and the moon enter it." There is also Lingshan, where the top ten witches, Wu Xian, Wu Yi, Wu _, Wu Peng, Wu Zhen, Wu Di, Wu Xie, Wu Luo, rise and fall, all kinds of medicinal materials are here. "Guo Pu's Note:" Witches gather in this mountain. "Take Lingshan as the ladder of the mountain." Ten witches rise and fall from now on, which means "up and down in the sky", proclaiming providence and reaching people's hearts; Collecting herbs should be the rest.

There is a Lingshan, where ten wizards, such as Wu Xian, Wu Ji, Wu _, Wu Peng, Wu Zhen, Wu Di, Wu Xie and Wu Luo, rose to the sky and descended to the earth, where all kinds of medicinal materials grew.

Note: Wu Xian and Wu Peng were famous witches in the Yin Dynasty (see Oracle Bone Inscriptions).

Namely: Wu Xian, Wu Ji, Wu Pan, Wu Peng, Gu Wu, Zhen Wu, Wu Li, Wu Di, Wu Xie and Wu Luo.

One legend is that ...

In the enlightened East, there are Wu Peng, Wu Di, Wu Yang, Wu Lv, Wu Fan and Wu Xiang, all of whom hold elixirs to stay away from them. Those who burst into tears looked like snakes and were killed by Er Fu.

Guo Pu of Jin noticed the six witches and said, "They are all wonderful doctors." Shiben said:' Wu Peng is a doctor.' "Chu Ci evokes the soul" said:' The emperor told Wuyang. "'

Mr. Yuan Ke explained by comparing the names of the "Ten Witches" quoted earlier: "Among the Ten Witches are Wu Peng, namely Wu Peng, and Wu Li. Hao Yixing believes that (courtesy and righteousness are also fulfilled), Wu Fan (the moon is close to the sound) and Wu Xie are witches (Xie and cross talk), and the ten witches are similar to these six witches. "

_ Er (y y y incarnation): The legendary god, originally in the shape of a snake with a human face, was later killed by Er Fu and his courtiers, and became the above-mentioned appearance-the dragon head, the body of a wild cat, and eating people. ?

Shan Hai Jing Overseas Western Classics also recorded "Wu County": Wu County is in the north of the ugly woman, with a green snake in the right hand and a red snake in the left hand. In Deng Baoshan, witches go from top to bottom.

Mr. Yuan Ke thinks: "The country of witchcraft and salt is also a country organized by a group of wizards", "Lingshan, doubt is also another name for climbing Baoshan." In the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen's "Yilin Felling Mountain" Volume 4 "Wushan" quoted Guo Pu's "Wushan Fu" as saying: "Wushan is named after Emperor Yao's doctor Wu Xian."

There is Baoyuan Mountain in the middle and upper reaches of Wuxi today. "Ji Sheng in the Ground" records: According to legend, the white deer lured hunters here and got salt springs. "refers to the original white deer, and the mountain god was born to show people." Therefore, Baoyuan Mountain is also called Ling Bao Mountain.

"Daming-Daning Mountain Unity" says: "Baoyuan Mountain, 30 miles north of Wuxi County, formerly known as Baoshan, has meteorological Pan Wei. The mountains in Daning are unique. There are peonies, peonies and orchids on the mountain, caves in the middle of the mountain, and springs like waterfalls, that is, salty springs. " Pressing the word "Bao" has a precious meaning. Use the word "Bao".

The Collection of Historical Records quoted Guangxu as saying: "All the precious words in the historical records have been preserved." So Baoyuan Mountain in Wuxi used to be called Baoshan, which is Baoshan. "Treasure" refers to salt springs and cinnabar. In addition to cinnabar being regarded as an "immortal medicine" by ancestors, Baoyuan Mountain itself is among the "five famous medicinal mountains" since ancient times, such as Daguan Mountain, Wan Qingshan Mountain, Suoleshan Mountain, Lanyingzhai Mountain and Lintan Cliff Mountain, so it is reasonable for the top ten witches to "hold the immortal medicine from a distance" here.

Wu Xian: "The Left Part of the World": "Wu Xian is in mourning." Stone, use yarrow to predict good or bad luck. Epilogue III of the History of Taoism in Song Dynasty claims that Shennong made Wu Xian proficient in divination, and Wu Xian was the wizard who presided over divination when Emperor Shennong was in power. Volume 79 of "Magnolia in Peace" quoted the cloud of "Returning to Tibet": "In the past, the Yellow God and the Inflammation God fought for the wild field of Zhuolu and lost to Wu Xian, saying,' If there is any fruit, they will be blamed. "

The conclusion of divination is: if there is war, there will be disaster, and Wu Xian is also a wizard of the Yellow Emperor; "Taiping Yulan" Volume 721 quoted Zhong Song from Shiben, saying: "Wu Xian also took Hongshu as the doctor of Emperor Yao." Wu Xian is also the physician of Emperor Yao; Magnolia, Volume 79.

Quote "Foreign Map" cloud: "In the past, Emperor Dawu of Yin made Wu Xian pray in the mountains and rivers, and Wu Xian lived here for Wu Xian's people and traveled thousands of miles to the South China Sea." Wu Xian was also a famous minister of Yin Zhongzong. In Qu Yuan's Lisao, there are sentences such as "My sage will descend in the evening", and Wang Yi notes: "My sage, the ancient god Wu Ye, is the world of Yin Zhongzong." Yin Zhongzong was the great Wu of Emperor Yin. Some people think that Wu Xian is still a "craftsman who is good at making salt" because salt was called "salty" in ancient times.

Wu Peng: The First of the Six Witches in Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Xi Jing. "Preface to Books" "Yi Yi praises Wu Xian." Zheng Note: "Wu Peng, Wu Di, Wu Yang, Wu Fan and Wu Xiang are all wonderful doctors." Shuo Wen Jie Zi explains the cloud of "medicine": "Wu Pengchu, an ancient man, became a doctor." Paragraph Note: "This is a book on earth:' Wu Peng set out to cure diseases. "'

"Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals Without Bow" also said: "Wu Peng set out to cure diseases." According to the ancient word "medicine", it is also called "medicine", which comes from witchcraft; Knowing wizards and doctors is a job.

Witch _ (class): The Notes to the Classic of Mountains and Seas in Qing Dynasty holds that "Ten Witches" are divided into "Five Witches", and "Li" is similar to "Witches" in "Six Witches". That is, the surname of the witch country was later carried. Shan Hai Jing Huang Da Nan Jing: "Wu Zai (Zhi), surnamed Li," Guo Pu's Note: "Tone modulation is also the substitution of sound."

Annotators often call it "generation and Dan are disyllabic, Dan and Christmas are homophonic", so "five years" is also called "five Dan". The Ba nationality "killed the king first, so he was born a witch." Therefore, we know that "Wu _" is also the distant ancestor of Ba people, which will be discussed in Wu Zaiguo below.

Witchcraft ceremony: According to Hao Yixing's Notes on the Classic of Mountains and Seas, the witchcraft ceremony in "Ten Witches" is the "witchcraft shoes" in "Six Witches". "Shuo Wen Jie Zi": "Courtesy is also good, so worship God." His duties are mainly witchcraft rituals.

Wu Xie: According to Hao Yixing's Notes on the Classic of Mountains and Seas: "Thank you and turn to the sound." Therefore, "Wu Xie" in the Ten Witches, that is, "Wu Xiang" in the Six Witches, is also the "Shi Xiang" of one of the five surnames of Lin Jun tribe of Ba people (see Chapter 2 of this book for details). They look at each other, choose and praise, so Wu Xie (the wizard) is also a wizard praised by the Lord.

Gu Wu: There is a legend of the goddess of salt water in Wuxi, saying that the ancient martial arts among the "Top Ten Witches" in Lingshan is the goddess of salt water in Wuxi.

However, according to legend, the goddess of salt water is the goddess of Wushan. But there is no mention of the goddess of salt water in the literature.

Moreover, the "witch aunt" among the "Ten Witches" in Shan Hai Jing has not been mentioned as the "goddess of salt water" in the documents cited by various scholars. Therefore, turning ancient Wudang into a goddess of salt water or Wushan can only be verbally echoed by local people.

Zhen Wu: Some commentators believe that Zheng in Ba Zi's "Five Surnames" comes from Zhen Wu, and "Zhen" and "Zheng" are homonyms.

Wu Luo: "Shi Ben Shi Zu": "Luo, Xiong surname, there is a cloud behind all the faces." In On Bashu Culture, Mr. Xu Zhongshu thinks that Luo is the first of the "seven surnames" of Bancaoman in Ba county, and they are all the most common surnames, so it is the first of the Ba nationality in later generations.

A wizard is a wizard or a doctor, but there are no specific deeds recorded.

To sum up, the Ten Witches in Lingshan include five of the six witches in Ming Kai except Wuyang. They are all wizards who can touch ghosts and gods, and many of them are imperial doctors; Among them, Wu Yuefen, Zhen Wu and Wu Xie are the ancestors of Wuzai (Wu Dan) tribe and Bazi's five surnames. Wu Luo is the distant ancestor of Luo, the leader of the "seven surnames" of Banmudun in Baxian County.

Shan Hai Jing Huang Da Nan Jing records the situation of witch-carrying countries: there is a country that carries people, and the emperor Shun is born without prostitution, which is called witch-carrying people. Wu Zaiyue surnamed Shibuya. Without performance, there is no service; Without crops, there would be no food. There is a black dance. Wu Luan sings and the phoenix birds dance; All kinds of beasts, all kinds of valleys converge.

Shun Di sent his son Wu Yin to govern the witch-carrying country, which marked the earliest infiltration of Central Plains culture into Hu Ba. Shiben said: "Witches were born before Lin Jun." I have read a new examination of Ba Shi by Lei Qixiang and Ba Shi by Guan.

Some people say that the annotator thinks that "witch-carrying" means "witch-carrying", but the fact that Shun Di's son came to cure witch-cutting does not mean that Bazu is a descendant of Shun. Because Emperor Shun's surname is Yao, there is Yu's family; Wu Zai's surname is _ (Ban), so his ancestors came from the family with this surname, not from the people sent by the Central Plains to rule this nation or tribe.

Extended data

Witch is also the pioneer of etiquette system in later generations. Ye Shuxian's China Myth Lu Xun: A Brief History of Chinese Novels. Yuan Ke: The Myths and Legends of China, Volume I, Chapter II. Qian Mingzi: Myth and primitive religion originated from a unity, Journal of Beijing Normal University, No.2, 198 1.

Ren Naiqiang: Wizards, alchemists and (Shan Hai Jing), published in the Journal of Literature and History,No. 1985. In the first chapter of Philosophy, after analyzing the discussion of "rites and music" in Historical Records Le Shu, it is pointed out that the sacrificial activities of later generations evolved from the religious ritual activities presided over by primitive tribal wizards: "With the establishment of civilization, the country came into being.

In fact, early anthropologists such as Fraser have revealed that the original king was born from chiefs and wizards in prehistoric society. "

Witch is also the ancestor of later artists such as songs, dances and dramas. Nine Songs of Chu is an art in which wizards (witches) and wizards (wizards) greet and entertain the gods through the trinity of song and dance performances of poetry, music and dance. Zhu's Preface to Nine Songs in the Collection of Songs of Chu said: "In the past, the southern city of Chu, between Yuan and Xiang, was popular in believing in ghosts and worshiping ghosts. Its sacrifice will make witches enjoy it and dance to entertain the gods. "

Wang Guowei, a famous scholar in modern times, thinks in the Song and Yuan Dynasties: "Nine Songs performed by wizards is the bud of later operas: among wizards, there must be pictographs and figures, which are regarded as the basis of gods, so they are called spirits or protectors? If it is, it will be the duty of the spirit, or like god, or like the joy of god, overshadowing the germination of later dramas, and some people have survived. "

As mentioned above, witches in ancient times were actually intellectuals in primitive society. They are not only wizards who communicate with god, preside over sacrifices, pray and divination, but also ancestors who are engaged in medical treatment, collecting medicines and refining alchemy, and pioneers of social etiquette system and performing arts. As some scholars have pointed out, witches "have knowledge of science, culture, history and art, and are the predecessors of intellectuals".

Witch culture is the source of southern civilization. This is also confirmed by archaeological excavations in recent years. From Daxi, Dachang, Chaotianzui and Gongjiadagou in Wushan to Siduhe, Yangjiawan, Baimiaozi, Sandouping, Baozhong Island, Wuxiang Temple, Qiaomailing, Taipingxi, Xisiping, Baima Village and Majiaying in Ziyang, Shaanxi, they are all Neolithic sites, and quite a few of them are later.

The goddess of Lingshan is the same as Huba Mountain in Wuzi country. In fact, during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties of slavery, the witch and Chu culture covering half of southern China originated from the witch culture of Huba Mountain; Witch culture not only gave birth to Ba culture, but also spread and promoted Chu culture. Therefore, scholars call it "the source of southern civilization", which really lives up to its reputation.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ten Witches in Lingshan

Baidu Encyclopedia-Top Ten Witches