Fortune-telling in Yanjin _ Yanjin

Guandu is located in the north of Xuchang (now Xuchang City, Henan Province), south of the Yellow River, less than 200 miles away from Xuchang. It is a military stronghold from Hebei to Henan and is famous for the Guandu War that shocked the world. Now it is in Guanduqiao Village, 2.5 kilometers northeast of zhongmou county, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province.

Although the vigorous peasant uprising was suppressed at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it dealt a heavy blow to the rule of the landlord class in the Han Dynasty and made the decadent Eastern Han regime exist in name only. In the process of suppressing the Yellow turban insurrectionary, state and county officials monopolized the military and political power, and the landlords organized a trilogy (private armed forces) to occupy the territory, forming separatist forces of all sizes, which evolved into a long-term struggle for power and profit and mutual annexation, resulting in the tragic scene of "white bones exposed in the wild, thousands of miles without chickens crowing" in the Central Plains. At that time, the separatist forces mainly included Yuan Shao in Hebei, JASON ZHANG in Hanoi, Cao Cao in Yu Yan, Lu Bu in Xuzhou, Yuan Shu in Yangzhou, Sun Ce in Jiangdong, Liu Biao in Jingzhou, Gongsun Zan in Youzhou and Zhang Xiu in Nanyang. In the years of these separatist forces, Yuan Shao and Cao Cao gradually developed and expanded.

In the third year of Jian 'an (198), Yuan Shao defeated Gongsun Zan and occupied the land of Qing, You, Ji and Sizhou. In the first year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao took Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty to Xuchang, forming a situation of "holding the emperor to make the princes" and gaining political advantage. In the spring of the second year of Jian 'an (197), Yuan Shu proclaimed himself emperor in Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province). Cao Cao attacked and destroyed Yuan Shu in the name of "Feng Zhao can't be a minister". Then, he destroyed Lu Bu and took advantage of Zhang Yang's internal struggle to gain Hanoi County. From then on, Cao Cao's influence reached Guanzhong in the west and Yanzhou, Henan and Xuzhou in the east, controlling most of the areas south of the Yellow River and north of Huai Han, thus forming a confrontation with Yuan Shao in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Yuan Shao's strength at that time far exceeded that of Cao Cao, so he was naturally unwilling to be under Cao Cao. He is determined to fight against Cao Cao. In June of the fourth year of Jian 'an (199), Yuan Shao selected 65,438+10,000 elite soldiers and 10,000 war horses in an attempt to attack Xu Changnan, and the battle of Guandu began.

The news of Yuan Shaoju's troops going south reached Xuchang, and Cao Cao thought that Yuan Jun was powerful and invincible. However, according to his understanding of Yuan Shao, Cao Cao thought Yuan Shao was ambitious, lacking in courage, despicable and ungrateful, headstrong, too many soldiers to command clearly, and he would be arrogant and have different orders, so he decided to confront Yuan Shao's attack with tens of thousands of troops he could concentrate. In order to gain the strategic initiative, he made the following arrangements: sending and leading elite troops from Langya (now Linyi North, Shandong Province) to Qingzhou, occupying Qi (now Linzi, Shandong Province), Beihai (now Changle, Shandong Province), Dong 'an (now Yishui County, Shandong Province) and other places to contain Yuan Shao, consolidate the right wing and prevent attacking Xuchang from the east; Cao Cao led his troops into Liyang, Jizhou (now east of Xunxian County, Henan Province, on the north bank of the Yellow River), and ordered him to ride two thousand men to guard the important ferry on the south bank of the Yellow River (now north of Henan Province), assist the prefect of Dongjun to guard Baima (now east of Huaxian County, Henan Province, south bank of the Yellow River), prevent Yuan Jun from crossing the river, and at the same time set up a base in Guandu (now northeast of Zhongmou, Henan Province) to stop Yuan Shao. Send someone to subdue Guanzhong, take Liangzhou and stabilize the flank. Judging from the above arrangements, Cao Cao's strategic policy is not to divide his troops to defend the south bank of the Yellow River, but to concentrate his forces, guard key passes and focus on fortifications for the enemy. Judging from the situation at that time, this deployment was appropriate. First of all, there are more Yuan Shaobing than Cao Cao and Serenade, and there are many places to cross the Yellow River. If we divide our forces to stop the code from going south, it will not only be difficult to stop Yuan Jun from going south, but also make his already inferior forces more dispersed. Secondly, Guandu is located in the upper reaches of the gap and is close to Bianshui. Xiaqu, which connects Hulao Pass, Gongguan and Luoguan in the west and Huaisi Pass in the east, is a barrier between the north and the south of Xuchang, an important Tianjin and a battleground for Yuan Shao to seize Xuchang. In addition, Guandu is close to Xuchang, and the logistics supply is more convenient than Yuan Jun. In December of the fourth year of Jian 'an (199), when Cao Cao was deploying to fight against Yuan Shao, Liu Bei rose up against Cao Cao, occupied Xiapi, and moved the capital to Pei County (now Pei County, Jiangsu Province). Increase to tens of thousands of people, and contact Yuan Shao, intending to jointly attack Cao. In order to keep Xuchang in touch with the Qing and Yan States and avoid fighting on both sides, Cao Cao personally led a good soldier to crusade against Liu Bei in February of the following year, quickly occupied Pei County, turned to Xiapi and forced Guan Yu to land. Liu Bei was wiped out and fled to Hebei alone to go to Yuan Shao. At the height of the fierce battle between Cao and Liu, Tian Feng, Yuan Shao's counselor, suggested that Yuan Shao "lead the army to attack the rear", but Yuan Shao refused to adopt it on the grounds that his son was ill, which led Cao Cao to defeat Liu Bei calmly and return to Guandu.

In the first month of the fifth year of Jian 'an (200), Yuan Shao sent Chen Lin to write a campaign and published it, in which Cao Cao was cursed. In February, he marched into Liyang, attempted to cross the river, and sought a decisive battle with the main force of Jun. First, he sent Yan Liang to attack Ada, the satrap of Baima East County, in an attempt to seize the key points on the south bank of the Yellow River to ensure that the main force crossed the river. In April, in order to take the initiative, Cao Cao won the first battle and personally led the troops to the north to rescue the white horse. At this time, Xun You, the counselor, thought that Yuan Shaobing was numerous, and suggested that a diversion should be made to disperse troops. First, lead troops to Yanjin, cross the river in disguise, attack Yuan Shaobing's rear, make Yuan Shaobing divide his forces to the west, and then send Qingqi to attack Yuan Jun, who is attacking Baima. By surprise, Yan Liang will be defeated. Cao Cao adopted this suggestion, and Yuan Shao was sure to divide his troops and delay Tianjin. Cao Cao took the opportunity to lead a Qingqi and sent Zhang Liao and Guan Yu as pioneers, eager for a white horse. Guan Yu quickly approached Yan, and Yan Liang was killed in a hasty battle (although Yan Liang was killed by Guan Yu here, it can't be considered as a one-on-one hit, but Guan Yu rode a red hare and rushed forward to kill Yan Liang, saying that Guan Yu came forward to talk to Yan Liang and explained that he was Liu's younger brother, and then suddenly killed Yan Liang), and Yuan Jun was defeated. After Cao Cao solved the siege of Baima, the people who migrated to Baima retreated westward along the Yellow River. Yuan Shao led the army to cross the river in pursuit, and the army went south to Yanjin, and sent generals Wen Chou and Liu Bei to continue to lead the troops in pursuit of Jun. At that time, Cao Cao had only 600 cavalry, stationed under Nansakan (Baima South), while Yuan Junda rode five or six thousand, followed by infantry. Cao Cao ordered the soldiers to untie their saddles and release their horses, deliberately leaving the trench by the roadside. As soon as Yuan Jun saw the recruits, he began to fight for property. Cao Cao suddenly attacked, finally defeated Yuan Jun, killed Wen Chou (died by mutinous soldiers, not by Guan Yu), and returned to Guandu smoothly.

Yuan Jun lost the first battle, but his troops still had the upper hand. In July, he marched into Wu Yang (now Zhongmou North, Henan Province) and prepared to attack Xu Changnan. In August, Yuan Jun's main force approached Guandu, and camped in the sand pile, which was about dozens of miles wide from east to west. Cao Cao also camped and confronted Yuan Jun .. In September, Cao Jun once attacked, failed to win, and returned to the camp to hold on. Yuan Shao built a tower and a mountain, and hit Cao Ying with an arrow. According to counselor Liu, a lightning car with a riprap device was built and the new building was destroyed. Yuan Jun dug a tunnel to attack again, and Cao Jun also dug a long trench in the camp to resist. After three months of stalemate between the two sides, Cao Cao almost lost the confidence to persist, because of the difficult external environment, the lack of food in the front serenade, the fatigue of the foot soldiers and the instability in the rear. Yu Xun gave Cao Cao determination, so that Cao Cao persisted in the crisis and strengthened his defense. Ren Jun, who is in charge of logistics supply, was ordered to take the 10 road column as one, shorten the distance between the front and rear of the motorcade, and use multiple arrays (two arrays) to strengthen the escort to prevent Yuan Jun from attacking; On the other hand, they actively searched for and captured fighter planes, defeated Yuan Jun, and soon sent Coss and Shi Huan to intercept and burn thousands of grain wagons in Yuan Jun, which increased Yuan Jun's supply difficulties.

In October of the same year, Yuan Shao sent a car to transport grain, and Chunyu Qiong led the troops with 10,000 escorts, stationed in the old city (in Yanjin County, Henan Province) and Wu Chao (now southeast of Henan Province) about 20 kilometers north of Yuan Jun Daying. Just then, Yuan Shao's counselor Xu You defected to Cao Cao and suggested that Cao Cao go into battle lightly, raid the lair and burn its trench. Cao Cao immediately put it into practice, leaving Cao Hong and Xun You to guard the camp, personally leading the troops to ride 5,000, falsely using the banner, and people tied their horses to shut up, each with a pile of firewood, and attacked Wu's lair in the dark. Upon arrival, they immediately surrounded and set fire to it. When Yuan Shao learned that Cao Cao had attacked the Wu Dynasty, he only sent light cavalry to rescue him, while the main force stormed the camp in Cao Jun. I just know that Cao Caoqiang can't attack. When Jun rushed to Wu Chao Chunyu Qiong Barracks, Yuan Shao's reinforcements were approaching. Cao fought to the death, defeated and killed Chunyu Qiong, and burned all his provisions. The front line in Yuan Jun heard that the Wu Dynasty was broken, which caused the morale of the army to be shaken, the internal division and the army to collapse. Yuan Shao hurried back to Hebei with 800 riders, and Cao Jun successively annihilated and killed more than 70,000 Yuan Jun.

Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao by winning more with less. Later, the remnants of Yuan Shao were wiped out in Jiangbei.

This campaign strengthened Cao Cao's strength and laid a solid foundation for Cao Cao to unify the north.

The battle of Guandu was the key battle for the transformation of Yuan Cao's power. At that time, the northern part of China was divided and unified, which had an extremely important impact on the development of the history of the Three Kingdoms. Cao Jun's victory in this battle was not accidental. Although the dispute over the merger of Yuan and Cao belonged to the struggle between feudal separatist forces, it objectively satisfied the people's desire to achieve regional reunification.

The battle of Guandu was a famous battle in the history of China and even at the end of Han Dynasty, and it was also a turning point for Cao Cao and Yuan Shao to compete for northern hegemony. After the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao finally reversed his previous disadvantage to Yuan Shao and laid the foundation for his unification of the North. Cao Cao was at a disadvantage at the beginning of the war, and all Three Lai people-Ye Liu, Xun You and Xu You-helped him through the difficulties.

1. When Yuan Shao and Cao Cao were at loggerheads on the White Horse, Yuan Shao ordered the construction of an arrow tower and shot arrows at Cao Cao's camp for several days, which shook Cao Cao's morale. Later, Ye Liu presented a thunderbolt, which smashed Yuan Shao's crossbowmen and gave Cao Cao a hiding place in Guandu.

2. Cao Cao is under the control of Li Yang and Yuan Shao. He wants to withdraw his troops and make another plan. Xun You offered a plan, saying, "Since the serenade was defeated, we can share its potential. When you go, if you cross the soldiers to the latter, Shao will echo it in the west, and then tap the white horse to cover it up. Yan Liang can escape. " Break through Yuan Jun ..

3. From August of the fifth year of Jian 'an, the two armies met again in Guandu, and the two sides won and lost each other. Later, Cao Cao's army was short of food, and it happened that Xu You, Yuan Shao's counselor, disagreed with the soldiers in the camp and defected to Cao Cao. Xu You proposed to burn Yuan Shao's rations, but Yuan Shao was defeated without a fight.

The key to Cao's eloquence and final victory lies in the way of employing people. We can break it down into: Ye Liu, Xun You and Xu You are all talented people, who contributed strategies and turned the situation around. From this perspective, it can be said that talents are needed. As for Cao Cao, he is a talented person who knows people and makes good use of talents and can accept what others say. Therefore, it is not enough to be afraid of Yuan Shaobing. As the saying goes, there are not many soldiers, and he cares whether he can go out or not.

The battle of Guandu is one of the famous examples in the history of our country listed by Mao Zedong in the article "Strategic Issues of China Revolutionary War", that is, "the strength of both sides is different, and the weak takes the first step and then leads, thus winning". The outcome of the war depends on the political, military and economic conditions of both sides, but first of all, it is the contest of military strength of both sides. In the battle of Guandu, Cao Cao's strength was obviously inferior to Yuan Shao's, and both manpower and material resources occupied an absolute advantage. But he attacked more with less, took advantage of it, and finally won a great victory. The way to win is worth pondering.