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Dietary customs of Hubei people;

The raw materials of Chu people's diet are produced in Chu, and its characteristics and level are consistent with the characteristics of natural resources and the development level of productive forces in Chu. The food culture of Chu people most vividly embodies the characteristics of the land of fish and rice, and its main features are:

Rice is the staple food.

A large number of rice husks and paddy rice unearthed from ancient cultural sites such as Qujialing in Jingshan, Maojiashan in Jiangling and Meng Xi in Lixian indicate that clans and tribes living mainly in rice cultivation lived in Jingchu as early as 8,000 to 4,600 years ago. In addition to staple food rice and miscellaneous grains, people's lives have improved with the development of production for thousands of years: food production has also become diversified and refined, such as rice flour, rice cakes, rice cakes, dumplings and zongzi.

Love fish

Archaeological excavations have found a large number of animal remains and lifelike animal pottery such as chickens, sheep and fish. This shows that the ancestors of Chu raised pigs, dogs, chickens, sheep, fish and clams thousands of years ago. In addition to livestock, fish is also an important nutrient in plain valley areas. Mountains, plains and hills all eat pigs, cattle, mutton and game. Today, at the wedding, funeral and festive banquet in Jingchu, it is also "no fish, no table". Jingchu is a land of fish and rice, and the production and consumption of fish are very complicated and dazzling. Dried fish and bacon is a landscape of Chu in the twelfth lunar month in winter: "In first frost in the middle of winter, bacon and salted fish come out of the altar. I'm afraid the cold wave will never end I hang high on the balcony every day. " Some high mountains. Most farmers have no fish except pond farming. In order to have more fish every year, we should go out of the mountains to buy fish before the Spring Festival. For example, farmers in the deep mountains of Dabie Mountain will go to Taihu Lake, Wangjiang and Huangmei fish areas in droves to collect fish.

All kinds of vegetables and food

People in Chu eat vegetables and fruits, which can be summarized as fresh, soaked, salty and dry. Kimchi has a long history and can be cooked all year round. It is very common in Jingchu throughout the ages. Once upon a time, in the deep forest in front of Huoying Mountain in Dabie Mountain, many farmers had several large grain tanks that could hold 3-6 loads of water. Every autumn, vegetables are packaged in different categories, and some peppers and radishes are pickled together. Wrap the vegetables, add some salt and press them firmly. Then, put some pebbles and vegetables, cover them with a wooden cover, seal them with paste, and open the jar when eating. The room is full of fragrance. Take out the hot and sour vegetables and cook them in a hanging pot. Add cucumber, amaranth, lentil, radish and other seasonal fresh vegetables. Sauce-flavored fermented bean curd, hanging pot to cook pickles and fresh vegetables, red rice stove, and family sitting around for dinner are also pleasant. Whether it is soaked or pickled, it has a special flavor, which is sour, hot and crisp, fragrant and delicious, and appetizing. Sun-dried vegetables are also a landscape of Chu State. Radish, cabbage, mustard tuber, shepherd's purse, pepper, eggplant, cowpea, mung bean, potato, lentil, sword bean, Toona sinensis seedling, day lily, bamboo shoot, purslane, sweet potato stem and leaf, Osmunda japonica, etc. Can be dried. Just in case.

There is a lot of soup.

Chu people love soup because of the weather, soil and water, climate and other conditions in this area. People love simmering soup: simmering soup on holidays; Celebrate your birthday by simmering soup; Distinguished guests should simmer soup at the door; Women "sit on the moon" simmer soup; The patient needs to simmer soup after his illness. There are many kinds of simmering soup, such as sparerib soup, chicken soup and beef mutton soup. The most precious are turtle soup and bagua soup. In a word, fish, meat, vegetables, fruits, game and delicacies are all good stew families. The average family's favorite is ribs lotus root soup. There are many ways to make soup, such as boiling, stewing and stewing. Stewed soup at home is often a "casserole jar". Soup stew pays attention to the temperature, strong fire and slow fire, which is what people often say: "porridge is cooked with a big fire and soup is simmered with a small fire." The soup is oily but not greasy, and the soup is rotten but not sticky. Soup is an appetizer and can promote blood circulation. In cold winter, use soup to drive away the cold; In hot summer, appetizing with soup can supplement the salt, water and nutrition needed by the body. What needs to be added here is that in the past, people in mountainous areas had a taboo to eat New Year's Eve, that is, they didn't drink soup, but said that it was very troublesome to go out and rain. In some places in Yingshan, there is no soup at the funeral, and even a spoon is not put on the table.

Good wine and more tea.

There are many tributaries of rivers and lakes in Chudi Port. It has been a habit since ancient times that people farm and fish and drink alcohol properly to drive away cold and dampness. Chu is rich in grain and has had the habit of drinking soju since ancient times. I still like to drink glutinous rice wine. The name of this glutinous rice wine varies from place to place, and some are called "Shuilaogu"; Some are called "double"; Some are called "Juzi wine"; Some are called "sweet wine" or "rice wine" and so on. According to some sources, Dongshan old rice wine in Macheng, Hubei Province is called "head wine". At present, a large number of people in Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan and Sichuan like to drink old rice wine, which may be related to the irrigation of Huguang in Jiangxi and Huguang in Sichuan.

The custom of celebrating the Spring Festival in Hubei

Adults are looking forward to farming and children are looking forward to the New Year. In Hubei, December 23rd of the lunar calendar is the New Year in China. There is a folk saying: "Twenty-three, send lights; Twenty-four, take out the fishbone; Twenty-five, beating drums; Twenty-six, Fu pork; Twenty-seven, decontamination marks; 28. blessed chickens and ducks; Twenty-nine, every family has it. " China Year, which has always been closely related to farming culture, has always been a special festival that people yearn for, whether in the era of material shortage or in the period of economic development. Wu Zhijian, a researcher at Hubei Group Art Museum and a photographer of Hubei folk album such as "Chu Feng Chu Style", said with emotion, "Dragon and phoenix are auspicious, dragon lantern on stilts, seahorse, elephant catching, fire at the age of 30, lantern at the age of 15 ... Among the rich charm of Chu, those ancient and simple Hubei folk customs are really eye-opening!"

"Talk about New Year's Eve", eat and chat to welcome the New Year.

Most of the early residents of Wuhan moved in from the surrounding areas (Mianyang, Hanyang, Huangpi, Xiaogan, etc.). ) late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Therefore, the Chinese New Year custom in Wuhan exudes a strong local flavor: in addition to cleaning up the house, changing the Spring Festival couplets, worshiping the gods, inviting the kitchen god in the next year, and filling the water tank in the New Year's Eve, this is called "the water will flow forever and the children and grandchildren will be rich", which women should do before. On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together and have a big "New Year's Eve" (now called "reunion dinner").

In Wuhan, on New Year's Eve, there are usually "three dishes" (whole chicken, whole duck and whole fish), "three cakes" (fish cakes, meat pies and mutton cakes) and "three pills" (fish balls, meatballs and lotus root balls). Dinner is usually served before dark, and some families eat until the clock strikes, which means "the more you eat, the brighter you get." Since it is "talking about the New Year", they will talk over dinner, look back on the past and look forward to the future, and express their blessings to each other.

On New Year's Eve, there are "grave lanterns" everywhere.

In Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province, especially in rural areas, before the arrival of New Year's Eve, people used to send "grave lanterns" to their deceased relatives, also known as "sending lanterns to light up". Is to send delicious food to the ancestral grave and then light candles to worship the ancestors. However, this custom has disappeared in many places. What impressed Wu Zhijian most was his experience in Yunxi County, Shiyan, Hubei Province. One year, he specially took his son to Yunxi for the New Year.

On the fifteenth night, "Driving Dogs" sang "Lantern Song".

"Play with the dog, play with the dog, play in front of your kitchen ..." The song "Drive the dog away" is still circulating among Tujia people in western Hubei. A hairy dog is a fox. I used to be friends with people, but I often stole chickens. Angered mankind and set fire to its nest. Since then, it has been the custom to set off firecrackers, burn grass and bamboo to drive away dogs on the fifteenth night of the first month. The custom of "driving dogs" is very old, which can be seen in the book Jingchu Times in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. It is said that only when the dogs are driven away will the six animals be safe and weeds will not grow in the fields.

Lichuan Lantern Song originated in Bai Yang, Lichuan City, and has a history of hundreds of years. Many folk songs in Lichuan Lantern Songs come down in one continuous line with ancient bamboo songs, which have high national cultural and artistic value. According to records, since the Qing Dynasty, people have been singing lantern songs at festivals, festivals and dragon boat races. Now the well-known Dragon Boat Tune was originally named Lichuan Lantern Song. At present, Lichuan Lantern Song has successfully entered the protection list of "Intangible Cultural Heritage" in Hubei Province.

In Lichuan, the hometown of Dragon Boat Tune, there is a custom of singing "Lantern Song" on the fifteenth night of the first month. /kloc-On the evening of 0/5, local farmers will form a team of dozens of people, holding high lanterns tied in the shape of dragons and walking through the streets. Whoever passes by the door will set off firecrackers, which is very lively. When the team stopped at someone's door, they began to sing "Lantern Song", and everyone around them sang along.