Shi Tian's hometown in Zhang Daoling Memorial Hall

Zhang Tianshi Daoling is a well-known figure at home and abroad. Whenever we talk about Taoism, the authentic local religion in China, we naturally think of Zhang Daoling, the ancestor of Taoism. You can tell many stories about him, and there are many records in various historical books, such as Ci Hai (P 1087): Zhang Daoling (34- 156). Ci Yuan (P0569): "Zhang Daoling, formerly known as Ling, was born in Pei Guofeng in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He is the founder of Taoism in Shi Tian. He once ordered Jiangzhou, lived in Shuzhong when he was in office, studied Taoism in He Ming, wrote 24 Taoist books, and treated diseases with the charm of water. China Dictionary of Names (P963): "Zhang Daoling, a native of the late Han Dynasty, was born in a good family. Yongping abandoned his official position when he worshipped Jiangzhou's order, and hid in North Mangshan, Luoyang. Chapter (Emperor) and (Emperor) are tired of calling, and Zhang Ce is visiting the Dragon and Tiger Mountains. Practice the Tao, and fool the people with water spells when you go to Shu. From the Scholars, it is known as the Five Doors of Rice, and its disciple Zanling is the first. Later generations called Zhang Tianshi, that is, his descendants. "Peaceful Magnolia": "Zhang Daoling, the word auxiliary Han, Pei Guofeng people also. "Han Shi Tian's Family Biography": "Real people are afraid of Daoling, and the word is auxiliary to Han. His surname is Zhang, and he is from Fengyi. Long's "Feng County Records Official Industry": "Zhang Lu, the word, grandfather (Zhang Daoling) studied Taoism in Shu, studied under Lu Jizhi, and was named a teacher." . "Zhang Daoling, the grandson of the eighth generation of ovary ()" in Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, Fengxian County Records and Immortal Interpretation: In addition, there are Immortal Mirror of Past Dynasties, Immortal World, Immortal Biography, Immortal Style and Taoist General History Mirror. All these show that Zhang Daoling was born in the Eastern Han Dynasty, but he knows little about his hometown life and anecdotes, and no one can describe it clearly. Most of them were born in Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang, Guixi in Jiangxi or Hanzhong in Sichuan. In fact, Zhang Daoling is a native of Feilou Village, Songlou Town, Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province, and there are many things to prove. The explanation here is as follows: The Zhang family is widely distributed in China and has a large population. According to the statistics of China Academy of Social Sciences 1994, the Zhang family ranks third among the most popular surnames. According to the genealogy of the Zhang family in Gu Teng and the biography of Feng Xian Zhi Zhang Daoling in Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, Zhang Daoling's family said: "Zhang Daoling, whose word is auxiliary to Han, is the eighth grandson of the ovary." Thus, the Zhang Daoling clan came from the surname Ji. According to the Biography of Sean, he was the son of Ji, and his grandfather and father were and Xuan. After Qin destroyed Korea, he was young and ignorant, and devoted all his money to making assassins in an attempt to avenge South Korea. Qin Shihuang had hired Hercules to assassinate Qin Shihuang in Bolangsha during his crusade, but he failed because he accidentally threw a vice car, so he fled to Pi, changed his name to Sean and lived in seclusion to avoid disaster. After the peasant uprising at the end of Qin Dynasty, Liu Bangping went to Chu to destroy Qin. After the Western Han Dynasty won the championship, the political situation became more and more stable, external troubles were eliminated, and internal contradictions became increasingly intensified. Many princes were killed. "A wily rabbit dies and a running dog cooks; The situation of "birds do their best to hide" is becoming increasingly obvious. Sean, who could understand the mystery, retired from politics, stayed away from home, lived in seclusion by the Weishan Lake, and was buried in Weishan Island of Weishan Lake after his death. The existing tomb of Liu Hou can prove this point, and his descendants will live in Tengzhou and Yanzhou.

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, after Wang Mang usurped the throne, farmers all over the country revolted and took sides. Fan Chong, a native of Langya, Shandong Province (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province), led an uprising in Juxian County in the fifth year of Tianfeng, Xin Mang (AD 18), attacked the city and plundered the land, defeated the mang army, and developed into a "Red Eyebrow Army" with hundreds of thousands of people, which once again set off chaos in the world. In order to escape the war, some clans of the Zhang family moved to other places. According to Zhang's genealogy in Song Lou Town, it was at this time that Zhang Daoling's grandfather Zhang Gang moved to Afang Village in the southwest of Fengcheng (now Feilou Village in Song Lou Town). After Zhang Gang's death, his cemetery was chosen 500 meters east of the village, and now it is cultivated by villager Zhang Xinlou. Although there is no grave, the foundation of the grave still exists, and the ground is much higher than the surrounding area. Although it is wet all the year round, people call it "the land of the gods". The story of "Zhang Laohan skillfully occupying Tianmen point" is still circulating in the local area. There have always been two opinions about Zhang Daoling's native place: one is that he was born in Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang; One said he was from Fengxian. In Fairyland, Cang (not from Fengxian County) wrote: "According to legend, Daoling was the ninth (or eighth) grandson of the early Han Dynasty. His father Zhang Ming is a fluent character. He once lived in Tianmu Mountain with his wife Lin. One day, Lin dreamed that a fairy flew down from Kuixing, the Big Dipper, gave her a bunch of hibiscus flowers and said to her, "I used to live in Fangshan, but now I have come to your house by God's orders. "Lin was pregnant and later returned to Pei (China) to give birth to Zhang Daoling. When Daoling landed, Huang Yun's cage was full of purple eyes, like the sun and the moon, and the grass lingered for days. " Although this statement is far-fetched, it means returning to Daoling, the ancestral home of Fengxian County.

In fact, Zhang Daoling was born in Fengxian, and he was the eighth grandson of Zhang Liang, who stayed in the Han Dynasty. Zhang Daoling's family moved from Tengzhou to Fengxian with his grandfather Zhang Gang and his wife and son Zhang Jin, and settled in Afang Village (now Feilou Village, Songlou Town, Fengxian County) more than 20 miles southwest of Fengxian County. It was a very prosperous place at that time. Inviting the imperial city was in the winter of the twelfth year of Emperor Gaozu (BC 195). After Liu Bang led an army to fight back against Ying Bu, the king of Huainan, he returned to his hometown for mothering. After Peicheng's "Song Gale", he went west to Xianyang. Near the rich environment, the elders of Fengxian once again invited Liu Bang to have a rest in the car. "Zhang took out Niujiu and drank it for three days." Liu Bang said to his elders, "Feng, when I grow up, I will never forget my ears!" After going, my father was proud of it and built the "Inviting the Imperial City" in the rest lane. There is an "Inviting the Emperor Hall" in the city. Every year, the fifteenth day of the first month is a temple fair, which is generally a market. Business is booming and the market is bustling. It was the political and economic center between the two counties at that time. Afang village is a famous historical village, close to the imperial city. Formerly known as "Panzhong Village", it is the graveyard of Pan Geng, the holy king of Shang Dynasty. People thought it was a treasure trove of geomantic omen, and later the whole world lived in it, so it was named "Panzhong Village". In the Han Dynasty, people thought that this village was close to the imperial city, just as Qin Epang Palace was close to Xianyang, the capital of the Han Dynasty, so it was renamed "Epang Village".

After Zhang Gang and his son settled here, they worked hard and the city invited the Emperor City. After more than ten years of hard work, their family wealth has been quite strong. On the 15th day of the first month in the tenth year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 34), Zhang Yun gave birth to a son, and the whole family was overjoyed. Therefore, the son was named Ling, whose word is Fu Han, to commemorate the rich heart of his ancestors. Zhang Lingshi is a descendant of the first generation Zhang after Laifeng. Zhang Gang and his son took good care of this son and raised him carefully. Zhang Ling was born smart and had a strong understanding. I was able to read Laozi's Tao Te Ching at the age of seven, and I was deeply impressed by Laozi's philosophy. At the same time, we can get a glimpse of astronomy, geography and divination of Confucian classics. In April of Jianwu Central Plains (AD 56), Emperor Guangwu visited the capital eastward, granted amnesty to the world, and set an example by recommending Zhang Ling to study in imperial academy. During the period of Yongping in Ming Di, he was appointed as Jiangzhou Order. During his tenure, he tried his best to save the people in from the mire. However, at this time, the dynasty was weak and the wicked were authoritarian. He was framed by traitors, removed from office and transferred to Beijing. The cruel reality made him deeply realize that being in officialdom can't save the working people. Only by learning to heal the wounded and rescue the dying can we really do something good for the people. So, regardless of the dissuasion of his family and the requisition of the court, he resolutely found another way out and abandoned his official.

At first, he wandered between wuyue, knowing that there are many famous mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River, which is a good place to practice and realize Tao. He once went to Yangxian Mountain to cultivate immortality with the real person Wei Boyang (a famous Dan artist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, whose real name was Yunyanazi, a native of Shangyu, Zhejiang). This is the origin of Zhanggong Cave (formerly known as Yangxian County) in Yixing, Jiangsu. Later, he set up an altar to preach in Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang Province, and his reputation spread far and wide, and Fiona Fang was dozens of miles. I have traveled all over the Huaihe River, Yellow River and Luoshui in Zhejiang, and I have been an intern for three years in North Mangshan, Luoyang. My curative effect has been greatly improved, and I can unify my thoughts and gain insight into five stomachs. In the first year of Han Yongyuan (AD 89), Liu Qi, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, wanted to appoint him as a teacher, but he refused to accept these three conscripts. He took Wang Chang, a native of Jiangzhou, as a disciple, and practiced Jiutian Shenwan in Taiping Mountain in Tongbai and Yunjin Mountain in Guixi successively. John young and Zhao Sheng have traveled thousands of miles to find a teacher and study in Yunjin Mountain. With the help of Wang Chang and Zhao Sheng, it was refined in nine days. Since the alchemy, the shape of dragon and tiger has appeared on Yunjin Mountain, so people renamed Yunjin Mountain as "Dragon and Tiger Mountain". Now this mountain is located in the southwest of Guixi County, Jiangxi Province, and has become a local scenic spot. There is a mountain village called Shangqing Town in Nanbali, Shandong Province, which is the home of Zhang Daoling's descendants.

At this time, Zhang Daoling, who was sixty years old, was very proud and healthy. He climbed the mountain more smoothly, traveled around and performed art to save the people. Later, Huang San Neijing, Huangdi Jiuding Jing and Tai Ming Jing were discovered in the stone chamber of Songshan Mountain, Henan Province, and the cause made great progress. Hearing that the land of Bashu was in great trouble, he quickly took two disciples to relieve the sufferings of the people. By the sixth year of Yonghe in Shun Di, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (A.D. 14 1), Zhang Ling had written twenty-four books, calling himself "Tai Qing Xuan Yuan". In the first year of Han 'an (A.D. 142), Taoism was formally established in Hemingshan (now Chongqing County, Sizhou Province), and Laozi was regarded as the ancestor of Taoism, known as the "old gentleman on the throne"; Zhang Ling taught his disciples classic works such as Laozi's Five Thousand Words, Zheng Jing, Tai Ping Dong Ji Jing, and learned the art of self-cultivation. Anyone who enters the church must pay 50 meters as the foundation, so it is called "50 meters teaching", which has a far-reaching impact on that time and later generations. Under his influence, his sons Zhang Heng and Sun Zhanglu continued to develop Taoism and played an important role in political activities in the late Han Dynasty. On the seventh day of the first month in the second year of Han Yongshou (AD 156), Zhang Ling took his wife Yong Shi (later wife), which helped Zhang Ling a lot. The original match was Sun Shi) and two disciples ascended to heaven in the daytime, 123 years old.

Therefore, Xu (a native of Fengxian County in the Ming Dynasty, who wrote the article "A Textual Research on the Ancient and Modern Fengyi") said: All the books in Liexian Biography are famous for their stories, but their origins are unknown. The Monument to Shengde written by Kao Yuan and Li Zhengqing, the secretariat, states that Zhang Tianshi was a rich man who traveled to Shu in the third year of Han 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (that is, the first year of Jiankang, A.D. 144). He also said: "Daoling was born in Tianmu Mountain, and it is not true to build Tianmu Mountain as a training ground." Therefore, Zhang Daoling was born in Feilou Village, Songlou Town, Fengxian County. Zhang Daoling has been dead for more than 0/800 years, but his anecdotes, legends and a little remains are still widely praised and taken good care of by the elders in his hometown.

(A) the formation of the "medicine box" shows the birthplace of Zhang Daoling.

"Medicine chest" is a place name, not a thing name. It is located in front of Loufei Village, Songlou Town, Fengxian County. It is a typical irregular pit. There is an allusion to the formation of this pit: Zhang Tianshi Daoling lived in Feilou Village, where he studied and practiced since childhood. After traveling abroad, he became an immortal in heming, Sichuan, and became a god worshipped by the world. As a result, the grass, trees, bricks and tiles related to him have become sacred objects with immortal spirit. After Zhang Daoling became immortal, everyone in his hometown went to his hometown to pinch some soil and take it back to decoct water to drink, thinking that it could cure all diseases. In the era when Zhang Daoling lived, and even for a long period of time afterwards, people who were superstitious about feudalism were very convinced. In addition, the medical level was backward at that time, and the people lacked medical care and medicine, and they went to the hospital in disorder. Those who can't go to the hospital take holy soil or particles like incense ashes as medicine, believing that "holy water" can cure diseases. It is through the magic of "elixir", "holy water" and "magic spell" that Zhang Daoling preached and expanded his influence. Because Afang Village is close to Invited Emperor City and Niuwang Temple, the annual temple fairs and fairs spread the news farther and farther, and people from Fiona Fang Baili come here to "seek prescription" and "get the land of god", which is called "medicine box". Over time, it was dug into a big pit. Although the ancient Yellow River has flooded here several times, it has been flooded and dug repeatedly, and it is still a pit. Facts show that through word of mouth, this is the hometown of Zhang Daoling, which is well-founded.

From the scientific point of view of toponymy, the formation of the name "medicine box" also has its scientific basis. Toponymy holds that: as far as specific place names are concerned, each place name is an agreed language code given by people to a place with a specific location, scope and form in the geographical environment. Not all places have place names. Only those places that have a certain influence on people and have certain recognizable shape and orientation characteristics can be named. Place names not only have the characteristics of language, geography, nationality and relative stability, but also have sociality. Place names are the co-creation of society. Although place names are often put forward by a few people in the early days of their formation, they have become communicative and habitual after being recognized by the society, that is, established. From the perspective of linguistics and folklore, in order to give geographical entities a more popular, clear and vivid name, people often use words that can highlight the shape, color, meaning and other characteristics of geographical entities and are easy to remember and transmit. The name "medicine cabinet" was formed and handed down under such a historical background. On the contrary, it also confirms the location of Zhang Daoling's former residence.

(2) Look at the former residence of Zhang Daoling's hometown from the legend that "Zhang Laohan skillfully occupied Tianmen Cave".

In Miaochengji, twenty miles southwest of Fengxian County, there was a geomantic gentleman named Miao. One day, he said to his three sons, "I have watched Feng Shui all my life, and found that the low-lying place under the Liu Yin on the Sesame Lake is a treasure trove of Feng Shui, which is a Tianmen cave. If it can be occupied, its descendants will be superior. Now I'm old and sick, and I'm terminally ill, and I'm going to die soon! After I die, I will push the body there at night when no one is there, and read the formula "Open the sky and Mr. Miao will come in". There will be a hut where you can put me. "

On August 15, Mr. Miao passed away. The three sons discussed that Sesame Lake was far from here, and it was not easy to carry the body there. If you don't allow it, wouldn't it be a waste of time? Why don't you go and have a look before you decide? So the eldest brother and the second son came to You Xiang Lake and found a low-lying place under the Liu Yin by moonlight. They read according to the formula: "Tianmen is open, the underground palace is open, and Mr. Miao Lao walks in." If the hut did appear, they were overjoyed and hurried home to push the old man's body.

At that time, there was an old man named Zhang in Afang Village (now Feilou Village) on the Hunan coast, who went to Temple City to do business and came back very late. When I passed by Sesame Lake, I suddenly felt thirsty and wanted to drink the water in the lake to quench my thirst. When I walked to the lake, I suddenly found a hut with lights under Liu Yin. He thought, since there is a light in the room, there must be someone else. Better go in and find some tea. So I went to the hut and saw the door wide open, but no one was there. There are tables, chairs, teapots, teacups and other things in the room. So I went in and poured tea. At this point, the hut suddenly collapsed, then sank into the ground and raised a big grave.

The Miao brothers hurriedly carried their father's body to the back, but the original hut was gone. In front of them is a new grave, which is very surprising. Read the formula again and the hut will not appear. Helpless, I had to choose another place in Liu Yin, dug a grave and buried my father's body.

Lao Zhangman, who occupies the Tianmen Cave, is Zhang Daoling's grandfather Zhang Gang. He happened to occupy the Tianmen point, made great contributions to Zhang Ling, Zhang Heng, Zhang Lu and others in later generations, founded Taoism, and became a "heavenly teacher" in past dynasties. The Miao family deviated from the main cave when digging the tomb, and it was not until the Song Dynasty that a military strategist named Miao Guangxi appeared.

There is no need to investigate the credibility of this magical story, but it can be formed and circulated in this area for more than a thousand years, which is enough to show that Zhang Daoling has lived here for generations, and this is his hometown.

(3) Looking at the origin of Zhang Daoling and Fengxian from the resurrection of the "town demon symbol".

"Demon Curse" is one of the magic weapons of Zhang Tianshi in folklore. Painting spells and giving them to the people can exorcise evil spirits, and even this behavior is widely recorded in history books. A myth about Zhang Daoling's grandparents was reprinted in Feng County Records in Qing Dynasty. (Zhang) (Zhang): Ling Shou (Zhang) always recorded all kinds of secrets, two swords to fight evil, jade books and seals, and always awarded Lu as the satrap of Hanzhong. Cao Cao attacked it, and Lu painted the land and became a huge river. The raging waves were raging, and the soldiers could do nothing. When the water army is reunited, and Lu paddles the river by hand, it will rise from a peak, more than a thousand feet high, and the soldiers will be invulnerable. There is another cloud: the ancestor of Shu (Liu Bei) attacked Lu, and Lu took off and returned to the truth, leaving an invisible fairy. Whether it is credible or not, do another test. Here is a true story:

Du Maojun, a native of Feilou Village (formerly Afang Village), Songlou Town, Fengxian County, 1944 served as the lieutenant of the Kuomintang military station in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, and had many contacts with some local celebrities. Knowing that Zhang Tianshi (the sixty-third generation of Enpu in Zhang Tianshi) was a descendant of Zhang Daoling, and that Shi Tian's descendants often stayed in Dongyue Temple near their residence, they sprouted the desire to meet Shi Tian, so they invited friends to meet on the grounds of fellow villagers, and Shi Tian readily agreed.

On that day, Du Maojun invited some friends to prepare food and wine for Shi Tian. A few days later, Shi Tian came for an appointment. I saw him of medium height, thin, about 60 years old, with a long white beard, bright eyes, a bun on his head, a robe, steady steps and sage like type. When everyone saw Shi Tian driving here, they rushed out to meet him and let the supreme leader sit down to greet him. While serving food, Shi Tian suddenly disappeared from his seat. All the people present looked at each other, wondering how Shi Tian left.

Du Maojun was invited for the first time. When he saw Shi Tian leave without saying goodbye, he had an indescribable taste in his heart, but he admired him for leaving quietly. Let's invite friends to meet. Shi Tian should come again. Last time you attended, you took the opportunity to attend. When the banquet was held, Shi Tian suddenly disappeared, and everyone was disappointed. However, the phenomenon of disappearing without a trace is staggering, adding to the magic color of Shi Tian, and no one can guess why he left without saying goodbye. Therefore, Du Maojun's wish to meet Shi Tian could not be realized and he decided not to meet again.

The next day, Du Maojun was sitting at home alone, and Shi Tian came from outside. As soon as he entered the door, he said, "Are you alone at home today?" Du quickly got up to meet him and said, "Yes, I am the only one at home today." "good! All right! You and your ancestors are neighbors in the same village, so don't mention it. It was rude of me to leave without saying goodbye the first two times! " "There, there, aren't you coming again?" Du smiled happily.

"At that time, it suddenly occurred to me that since I was a person of hometown, I should give you a gift as a souvenir, so I left without saying goodbye and hurried back. By the time I came back, you had been fired. When I came for the second time, I saw that there were too many people present, and some things were inconvenient to say, so I avoided it again. It would be great if you were alone at home today. "

Du Maojun sat Shi Tian down and said, "You have tea first, and I will come as soon as I go out." Ten minutes later, Du Duan came back with tables and found the room empty again. Du Bai was puzzled: he took the initiative to come to the door, why didn't he leave without saying goodbye? He searched indoors and outdoors, but there was no trace. Suddenly, I found something pressing under the cup on the table. I picked it up and opened it. I saw a yellow silk, about 1 m long and about 0.35 m wide. There are some winding lines written on it, and Zhang Tianshi's seal is printed on it. I think: this may be a souvenir he left me! He folded it up and treasured it. After being pointed out by celebrities, I realized that the zigzag characters on yellow silk are Zhang Tianshi's "town demon symbol", which can ward off diseases and ward off evil spirits, and are extremely precious treasures.

1948, Du Maozhi of Feilou Village went to Shanghai for help due to illness. Du Maojun arranged for him to stay in Shanghai, showed him the "town demon symbol" and told him the origin of the "town demon symbol". He also said: "You can stay in Shanghai for a few days, cure your illness first, and take Fu home when you leave." When Du Maozhi returned to Feng, Du Maojun gave him the "town demon charm" and took it home to treat relatives and friends in the village (there are witnesses who can testify in this world). Later, he got lost because of borrowing money. Some people said that he didn't want to be exposed and his whereabouts were unknown. However, it is true that Du Maojun got the "town demon curse" in Jiangxi and was sent back to Feilou Village in Fengxian County for treatment. Regardless of the validity of this symbol, the fact that Fengxian is the ancestral home of Zhang Daoling and obtained this symbol is enough to show the deep feelings of Zhang Tianshi for Fengxian and Feilou Village in past dynasties. Up to now, Zhang Daoling's descendants and Taoists at home and abroad all know that Fengxian is the ancestral home.

To sum up, various facts show that Zhang Daoling, the ancestor of Taoism, was born in Feilou Village, Songlou Town, Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province. How to develop and utilize this historical relic and promote Taoist ideology and culture is our top priority, so we should write it down and remember it.

Taoism has extended its salary for more than a thousand years, and the meaning of teaching riding is widely circulated; This division has become a powerful force, and our ancestors have never surpassed Zhang Ling.

World-famous, the meaning of three is right; Enjoy the ceremony and worship the immortals, and the people in the city will honor their hometown.