Analysis: The historical significance of Chen Sheng being king.

Chen Sheng was the first leader of the peasant uprising and the first person to stand up against the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty. Because of its appeal, it promoted the national anti-Qin wave at that time and fundamentally shook the rule of the Qin Dynasty.

However, these are not enough to sum up the full significance of Chen Sheng's being king. His greater significance lies in that Chen Sheng's reign as king has opened a brand-new era. From him, civilian representatives began to move towards the highest political stage, which was of epoch-making political significance. Chen Sheng, a native of Yangcheng (now southeast of Dengfeng, Henan), lives by giving people a long life. Although he comes from a poor family, he is ambitious.

When he was young, he once said to people who were carrying long-term jobs together, "If one of us is rich in the future, don't forget each other!" All the people who carried the work with him laughed at him and said, "You are just hired by others to plow the fields. How can you have money? " Chen Sheng sighed and said, "How can sparrows know the great ambition of geese and swans?" Swallows know the ambition of swans.

In July of the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), Chen Shengfeng was called to guard Yuyang (now southwest of Miyun, Beijing), and when he assembled and stationed in osawa Township (now southeast of Suzhou, Anhui), there were 900 people. Chen Sheng was singled out as a conductor because of his big size. Among the recruited colleagues, there is also a man named Guangwu, who is also the head of the chariot. At this time, it was catching up with the heavy rain and the flood flooded the road. These guards had to stay for a while and wait for sunny days.

They probably missed the deadline set by Yuyang. According to the law of Qin dynasty, if they miss the deadline, they will be beheaded by everyone. Chen Sheng and Guangwu discussed that this place is thousands of miles away from Yuyang. Anyway, we can't meet the deadline. Will we die in vain? Guangwu suggested running away, and Chen Sheng said, "If you run away and get it, you will still be executed. If you rebel and do great things, you will die. It is also death. It is better to die for the country. "

Chen Sheng continued: "Today, people all over the world have suffered from the long-term suffering of the Qin Dynasty. It is said that Emperor II is the youngest son of the first emperor. He should not inherit the throne, but his son Fu Su should. The first emperor sent Fu Su to lead the troops outside the city. He was innocent, but he was killed by the second emperor. People all know that Fu Su is virtuous, but they don't know that he is dead. There is also Xiang Yan, who was originally a general of Chu. He made many meritorious deeds and cared for the soldiers. The people of Chu state like him very much.

Some people think that he is dead, while others think that he has escaped and gone into hiding. Now, if we call on the world in the name of childe Fu Su and Xiang Yan, there should be a lot of people to support us. Guangwu thought it was correct, so he went to divination and got the result that "things can be done". At the same time, the fortune teller told them that they must pray for good luck or bad luck to ghosts and gods.

So they wrote the words "Chen" on white silk with vermilion, and then stuffed them into the belly of carp. The guards bought fish and cooked it. They found the silk book, which is very strange. At night, a bonfire was lit in a ruined temple, imitating the fox's cry and shouting: "Chu Xing, Chen" (the bonfire fox sounds). Indeed as expected in the defense of stroke caused a lot of discussion, everyone looked at Bobby Chen with strange eyes.

With this idea, the next step is to find opportunities. Guangwu used his prestige to defend the stroke, threatened to escape, and deliberately angered the drunken county commandant to insult himself, so as to anger the defender. The county commandant whipped Guangwu and drew his sword to kill Guangwu. Guangwu struggled to win the sword, killed the county commandant, and killed another county commandant with Chen Sheng.

Chen Sheng immediately called all the guards and said, "We have missed the deadline, and we will be beheaded. Even if we are not killed now, most of us will die in the future. One can't die like this. If he dies, he will die. Are those princes born like this? The defenders supported in unison, so they raised the banner, called Da Chu, and held an uprising with Chen Sheng as the general and Guangwu as the surname.

The insurgents successively conquered osawa Township and Qixian County, and then conquered Luo, Mao, Qiao and other places. When they arrived in Chen county, they had 700 chariots, 1000 cavalry and tens of thousands of infantry. Chen Sheng then established himself as king, with the title of Zhang Chu.

Chen Sheng's claim to the throne has greatly inspired people all over the world who have suffered from Qin Zheng. In response to Chen Sheng, they arrested and convicted local officials all over the country. Many famous rebel leaders, even the descendants of the former six countries, took part in the anti-Qin war under the banner of Chen Sheng.

Although Chen Sheng's uprising failed for various reasons, the fire he lit burned angrily, and the Qin Dynasty was finally destroyed by this fire. As the history books say, although Chen Sheng died, the princes and princes he appointed and dispatched eventually destroyed the Qin Dynasty. Therefore, Chen Sheng dug the first shovel in the Qin Dynasty, and Chen Sheng opened the era of civilian participation in politics.

Chen Sheng said, "What kind of prince would you rather have?" We people now can't personally feel how powerful he is, but at that time, it was really shocking. This is a declaration that has changed the political landscape for thousands of years. He summed up the struggle dreams of scholars for hundreds of years since the Warring States Period.

Are there any better "seeds" for emperors and generals? There were really "seeds" at that time. People like Chen Sheng would never dream of being a vassal, so people who worked with him would laugh at him. Why can you be rich as a carrier? Chen Sheng also knew this, so he had to turn to these "courageous" people-Fu Su, the son of the king of Chu, Xiang Yan, the general of the king of Chu, and ghosts and gods of heaven and earth.

Even after him, many people still dare not think like him. Xiang Liang, Xiang Yu's uncle, rose up after Chen Sheng. He dared to kill the satrap of Huiji and rise up against Qin, but he dared not stand on his own feet as king. After crossing the river, Chen Sheng died, and Xiang Liang had the most powerful anti-Qin army in the world, but he still listened to Fan Zeng's advice and found a shepherd to pretend to be the grandson of Chu Huaiwang, while he only made a Wu Xinjun himself.

Why is this? Just because he is the son of Xiang Yan, the general of Chu, and Xiang Yan is the general of Chu, the highest title of General Wang should be the "Jun" of the marquis, which is the rule in his bones and the concept of many people at that time. Chen Ying, who was originally the magistrate of Dongyang County, was forced to make him king after the rebels killed him. Chen Ying's mother said that since I became the daughter-in-law of your Chen family, I have never heard that your Chen family has dignitaries, so I advised my son to attach himself to others. Chen Ying really listened to her mother's words and dared not be king. She gave the army to Xiang Liang and attached herself to others.

Liu bang is more telling. During the uprising, he was originally a fugitive, hiding in Mangdang Mountain and living a precarious life. After the uprising, the county magistrate was killed, and people elected him as the county magistrate. He is still pushing from pillar to post. It turns out that Xiao He and other county officials are not even worthy of this county magistrate. Liu bang later became Hanwang and finally became emperor. It's hard to say that he was inspired by Chen Sheng's claim to be king before he made his grand plan.

Chen Sheng died and was buried in Dangxian County. When Liu Bang became emperor, he arranged for 30 families to guard his tomb and offer sacrifices to him on time, which showed that Liu Bang recognized the king. Chen Sheng is different from Xiang Yu after all. Xiang Yu was a bully, and Liu Bang was once attached to an uncle. His Hanwang was blocked by Xiang Yu, but Chen Sheng didn't give Liu Bang any kindness. Liu Bang still attached great importance to Chen Sheng, so he had to find the reason from the spiritual level.

The era opened by Chen Sheng was also recognized at that time and later generations. At that time, ordinary insurgents wanted to play his banner, and even the old nobles of the six countries played his banner and even accepted his appointment. The compilation order of Historical Records is Ji and Biography, that is, from high to low. Sima Qian listed Chen Sheng as a family, and he was also a historian appointed by the court during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It can be seen that Chen Sheng has been recognized by both rulers and historians.

With Sheng, Liu Bang, the emperor, gained some confidence. Of course, Liu Bang's confidence is still slightly insufficient, so there are so many signs, such as a dragon falling on his mother and giving birth to him. The elusive fortune teller said it was expensive when he saw him, and there was always a mass of air on the ground, so there were stories like the snake-cutting uprising.

This is determined by the level of people's understanding at that time. Chen Sheng can only give him an example, but he can't completely solve the problem of people's concept, so he has to move "Tian" to make people accept him, that is, to accept Tian's will. They are all civilian emperors, and Zhu Yuanzhang's divine sign is not Liu Bangduo. In terms of status, Zhu Yuanzhang is worse than Liu Bang and should need such things more, but people's ideas have changed a lot.

This change of concept began in Bobby Chen. As a result, Chen Sheng's reign as king ushered in a new era, and the people stepped onto the highest political stage.