Common sense analysis of yin and yang culture

1. Common sense of ancient Yin and Yang culture

Common sense of yin and yang ancient culture 1. The accumulation of important ancient cultural common sense in the history of college entrance examination, such as Yin-Yang and Five Elements, heavenly stems and earthly branches, etc.

This belongs to the traditional culture of the Chinese nation and the astronomical calendar, because the branch memorial method was used in ancient times, and of course it is still used now. The zodiac is the correspondence of the twelve branches.

(It's a pity that many villains in modern times cheat people with this fortune telling. ) The Five Elements is China's ancient material view. Mostly used in philosophy, Chinese medicine and divination.

The five elements refer to: gold, wood, water, fire and earth. It is believed that nature is composed of five elements, and with the rise and fall of these five elements, nature changes, which not only affects people's fate, but also makes everything in the universe circulate endlessly.

According to the theory of five elements, everything in the universe is composed of the movement and change of five basic substances: wood, fire, earth, gold and water. It emphasizes the whole concept and describes the structural relationship and movement form of things.

If Yin and Yang are an ancient theory of unity of opposites, the five elements can be said to be a primitive general system theory. What are the five elements recorded in China's ancient philosophy? The five elements are the basic elements of everything in the universe. They are gold, wood, water, fire and earth, and they are related.

Five elements coexist: Jinshui, aquatic wood, Muhuo, Huotu and Primary Gold. The five elements coexist: Jin Kemu, Muketu, Tuke water, water, fire and fire, and gold.

The attributes of the five elements-wood, fire, earth, gold and water are as follows: gorgeous wood and elegant personality. Wood stands for benevolence, meaning love and good deeds.

Impatience and self-esteem The representative ceremony of fire is to be modest and prudent, to respect, and not to bully the weak and be afraid of the hard.

Earth-gentle and honest temperament, but confidence in an earthy letter means honesty, gentleness and sincerity.

Kim-strong-willed, self-respecting and self-respecting. Gold stands for righteousness, that is, advocating good and abandoning evil, and everything is reasonable.

Water people are smart and can guess things. Wateriness represents wisdom, that is, careful observation of things, precursor prediction of anything, and good at business tactics.

It can also be said that benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith are the five permanent members. The five elements of traditional Chinese medicine interact with each other, showing the five internal organs: wood is the liver; Fire is the heart; Soil is spleen; Gold is the lung; Water is the kidney.

Five colors: wood represents cyan; Fire represents red; Earth represents yellow; Gold represents white; Water represents black. The five elements are born, born, born, born, born, born, born. The five elements are' mutual birth' and' mutual birth'.

"Five elements are born together" refers to common prosperity, and common prosperity refers to generations and education, and "five elements resist, fight and balance each other". According to the cosmic magnetic field, it used to be a piece of Wang Yang sea (water). Plants (wood) were born in the ocean, and then land (soil) was gradually formed under the irradiation of the sun (fire). Iron minerals (gold) were found on land, and then iron was extracted from iron ore to make water jars.

This is the natural aquatic wood → wood fire → fire born soil → natural gold → gold born water. Trees (trees) must be planted on bare land, and the soil will not be lost when heavy rain comes. When heavy rain will cause floods, it is necessary to build a wall with soil to defend the home (water). In ancient times, a large water tank was placed in front of the house to prepare water in case of fire when it rained. In order to defend our homeland and cook at home, we need knives, guns and axes, so we need to extract stubborn iron (gold).

After the creation of the universe, there must be checks and balances, although there are mutual influences. For example, water will make trees grow, soil will be lost, and wood will destroy soil according to the principle of' Mutuke', which is the state of natural circulation. Heavenly stems and earthly branches, referred to as "dry branch".

In the ancient calendar of China, A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren and Gui were called "ten heavenly stems", while Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai were called "twelve earthly branches". Ten branches and twelve branches are matched in turn to form sixty basic units, and they cooperate with each other in a fixed order to form branches and branches.

Judging from the Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Yin Ruins, in ancient China, the trunk and branch were mainly used to record the days, as well as the months, years and hours. Heavenly stems and earthly branches heavenly stems and earthly branches was born in the Han Dynasty. It takes beginning of spring as the beginning of the year, not the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar.

Heavenly stems and earthly branches and heavenly stems and earthly branches are called "main branches" for short. According to etymology, the meaning of "trunk" is taken from the "trunk" of trees.

Ten-day stems: A (ji ǐ), B (yǐ), C (bǐng), D(Dǐng), E (w ǐ), J (jǐ), G (gēng), Xin(xěn). Twelve earthly branches: Zi (zǐ), chou (Chou), Yin (yín), Mao (m ǐ o), Chen (chén), Si (s), Wu (), Wei (wèi) and Shen (shēn). Ugly: cattle; Yin: tiger; Thumb: rabbit; Chen: Dragon; Rudder: snake; Afternoon: horse; No: sheep; Shen: Monkey; Hey: chicken; Hey: dog; H: pigs. )。

As early as 2697 BC, Emperor Xuanyuan, the ancestor of China, established the People's Republic of China (PRC), and he was ordered to explore the spirit of heaven and earth and the five elements (fire, water and earth in Jin Mu), which originated from A, B, C, D, E, Ji, Ke, Xin, Ren and Gui, as well as Zi (zǐ), Ugly (chǐu) and Zi (ch ǐ u). According to the records in Five Elements of Justice, the main branches and branches were created after great efforts.

Big scraping "takes the five elements of love and builds it with a bucket machine." Party A and Party B use the name of the day as the basis, and the name of the month as the basis. There is something in the sky that uses the sky, and there is something in the ground that uses the moon.

Yin and Yang are different, so it is a famous branch. Heavenly stems and earthly branches: In the China calendar, the time for the moon to orbit the earth once (29.5306 days) is January, and the time for the earth to orbit the sun once (365.438+09 days) is one year. In order to make the average number of days in a year consistent with the number of days in the Tropic of Capricorn, a leap month was set up.

According to records, in the 6th century BC, China began to coordinate the lunar calendar with the solar calendar by the method of 19. Heavenly stems and earthly branches is a symbol designed by the ancients to facilitate the 60-digit system when building calendars.

For ancient China people, the existence of heavenly stems and earthly branches was as simple as a number.

2. Common sense of various cultures in ancient China.

The ancient Kanto refers to the area east of Hanguguan or Tongguan, and the modern refers to the northeast area east of Shanhaiguan.

Cao Cao's "Hao Li Xing": "There are righteous men in Kanto, fighting for the heroes." Refers to the area east of Tongguan.

Kansai refers to the area west of Hanguguan or Tongguan. Battle of Red Cliffs: "Ma Chao and Han Sui are still in Kansai, which is the future trouble of Cao Cao."

Guanzhong refers to different areas, and the ancients used to call the area west of Hangu Pass Guanzhong. "The Hongmen Banquet": "Pei Gong wants to be the king of Guanzhong and make Zi Ying the phase."

"On Qin": "The heart of the first emperor thought it was fixed in Guanzhong." In ancient times, the western regions were called Xinjiang and its western regions.

Yandang Mountain: "According to western books, Arhat Norodom lived on the back of Furong Peak in Yandang Mountain in the southeast of Sinian." Lingqiao Wuling is another name for Yuecheng, Dubang, Zhu Meng, Qitian and Dayu.

"Herb Picking": "Lingqiao grass, smart and not carved." (This refers to Guangdong and Guangxi in particular).

Shuomo refers to the desert in the north, or "Shuowang" for short, refers to the north. Herb picking: "Mastering ink is peach, plum and Xia Rong."

"Mulan Poetry": "The new moon spreads gold, and the cold light shines iron clothes." The new moon refers to the wind in the north.

Lin's Fengxueshan Temple "returning to the north wind" refers to the north wind. Baiyue is also known as Baiyue and Zhu Yue.

In ancient times, Yue people lived in all parts of Guangdong, collectively known as Baiyue. In ancient Chinese, it often refers to the southern region.

On Qin dynasty, "take the land of Baiyue in the south", "collect herbs" and "all say peach, plum and winter fruit". The floorboard of the five famous mountains in Wuyue, namely Mount Taishan in Dongyue, Huashan in Xiyue, Songshan in Zhongyue, Hengshan in Beiyue and Hengshan in Nanyue.

Climbing Mount Tianmu in my dream: "Climbing to the top of the Five Mountains, the shadow runs through China." The capital of gyeonggi province and its surrounding areas.

Zuo anecdote: "Zuo Xiangzu, a public school in Gyeonggi." In the Western Han Dynasty, Sanfu initially referred to three officials in charge of the Gyeonggi area, and later referred to the areas under the jurisdiction of these three officials.

"Zhang Hengchuan": "Hengshan Mountain belongs to the literature and swims in the third auxiliary." "Remember Zhong Wang's Su Gong Ao:" A man and a woman married the wife of an official in Kyrgyzstan. "

After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was referred to as "auxiliary" for short. Sanqin refers to the Guanzhong area west of Tongguan.

After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu gave this place to three generals in Qin Jun, hence the name. Farewell to the governor and enter Shu: "The wall of Sanqin is separated from the water of five rivers."

The administrative region of a county in ancient times. Qin unified the world with 36 counties. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, counties were called each other, and the Ming and Qing Dynasties were called the government.

On Qin, the key counties in the north, Pipa travel, Yuanhe moved to Sima, Jiujiang county for ten years, Battle of Red Cliffs, there are six counties with many soldiers and refined grain. See the article "County" as a country.

"Longzhong Dui": "Since Dong Zhuo came, there have been heroes, and countless people have crossed the state and even joined the county." "Battle of Red Cliffs": "The people of Jingzhou attached symbols, forcing soldiers to take advantage of the situation."

Daoism and Daoism established in minority areas in Han Dynasty are a special administrative region, equivalent to a county. In the Tang Dynasty, Taoism was first a prison area, then an administrative area, and it was an administrative unit at or above the national level.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, roads were set up in provinces, in which road guarding was a small administrative area and road patrol was only a monitoring area. "Tan Sitong" spiraled up Ningxia Road, where "Dao" refers to the Taoist priest.

The administrative region of Lu, Song and Yuan Dynasties is equivalent to the present province. Preface to {Guide to the Southern Tour >: "Except for the right prime minister and the envoys of the Tang Dynasty, all the other military forces are in my charge."

"Forever Yule Jingkou Gubeiting Nostalgia": "Looking at the middle of the road, you can still remember that the fire will be on Yangzhou Road." In ancient landscape, the yin and yang were the south of the mountain and the north of the mountain was the yang, and the south of the mountain was the yin.

"Gong Yu Yishan": "It refers to the south of Henan and reaches Hanyin." "Hanyin" refers to the south of Hanshui River.

"Climbing Mount Tai": "On the day of Mount Tai, wenshui flows westward; It is cloudy and the water flows eastward. " "You Bao Chan": "The so-called Huayang Cave, also known as the sun of Huashan."

Nanjing and other ancient names are also called Jiankang, Jinling, Jiangning and Baixia. Liu Jingting biography: "Taste was ordered by Jinling."

"Sick Plum House": "Longpan in Jiangning ... all produce plums." Plum Blossom Ridge: "Wu Zhongsun, Zhao Gong and Wei Xiao set out to fight and hold on to the white ground."

Another example is that Yangzhou is called Guangling and Weiyang, and Li Bai's "Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou": "Fireworks go to Yangzhou in March." Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow": "Chun Xi's soldiers were given to Japan and given to Weiyang."

For example, Hangzhou is called Lin 'an and Wulin, Suzhou is called Gusu, Fuzhou is called Sanshan, and Chengdu is called Jinguancheng. Liu Jingting biography: "After reading the old story of Tokyo Dream China and Wulin."

"Night parking near Fengqiao": "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, midnight bells ring to passenger ships." "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night": "Look at the red and wet place, the flowers in Jinguancheng are heavy."

Preface: "From Haidao to Yongjialai Sanshan, it is a volume." .

3. Common sense of ancient culture

3. Modesty and respect

Steal: settle, settle.

Boldly: Offensively and boldly.

Meng: Thank you.

Please allow me, please let me.

Driving for nothing: Thanks for your help.

Grant: It means that the other party has given benefits.

Imperial examination officials

After the provincial examination (the applicant's name is "Juren" and the name is "Xie Yuan")

Examination (the candidate's name is "Gong Sheng" and the name is "Hui Yuan")

Court examination (the examinee is named "Jinshi", the first one is named "No.1 scholar", the second one is named "No.1 scholar" and the third one is named "Exploring Flowers".

Worship: to grant an official position.

Except: old posts are deleted from new posts.

Out: as.

Promotion: promotion of official position.

Transfer: transfer official position for promotion.

G: abolish official positions.

Strike: recall and suspension.

Exemption: Exemption from official position.

Destroy: depose, demote.

Chen: Demoted and transferred far away.

Decision: removal from office.

Remove or depose.

Retirement: (1) Revocation or demotion of official position; (2) Resign yourself.

Reject: screen out.

Go: leave your post and be transferred.

Move to the left: reduce official transfer.

"Promotion and selection.

Grant: seal of official position.

What are nine nobles and three publics?

Both Qinghe Palace are official names. According to historical records, in the Western Zhou Dynasty, both the Zhou Dynasty and the governors had ministers, which were divided into upper, middle and lower levels. During the Warring States period, many countries used it. Shang Qing was the highest official position at that time.

The theory of "Jiuqing" began in Qin and Han Dynasties, and refers to nine official positions: Taichang, Guangluxun, Wei, Tingwei, Taifu, Dahonglu, Zong Zheng, Dasinong and Shaofu.

Specifically, Tai Chang is responsible for the sacrificial ceremony and etiquette of the ancestral temple; Guang Luxun is in charge of the guards and guards of the imperial court; Wei Wei is responsible for guarding the palace gate; The courtiers were in charge of the emperor's chariots and horses; Ting Wei is the highest judicial official, in charge of prisons and trial of cases. Dahonglu, also known as Dianke or Dahongling, is responsible for foreign affairs and ethnic affairs; Zong Zheng is responsible for the management of royal and clan affairs; Dasinong, also known as the internal history of millet management or agricultural order, is in charge of grain, goods, taxes, taxes, finance and so on. Shaofu is in charge of the tax revenue of Shanhai pond and supports the emperor. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, there was a young lady under the Qing Dynasty, which was abolished in the late Qing Dynasty.

The theory of "three publics" also began very early. Sima, Situ and Xi 'an were the three publics in the Zhou Dynasty, and the Prime Minister (Da Situ), Qiu (Da Sima) and Tai Yi (Da) were the three publics in the Western Han Dynasty. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, the names had changed, referring to Qiu, Situ and Sima respectively. The three fairs, also known as the "three divisions", are jointly responsible for military and political affairs.

4. How much do you know about ancient culture?

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Five tones, like the simple theoretical forms of yin and yang, five elements, five flavors, five colors, five facial features and five grains in ancient times, are the whole aesthetic concept of China in his early days, and are regarded as the basic form of the whole oriental music by westerners.

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Five tones, like the simple theoretical forms of yin and yang, five elements, five flavors, five colors, five facial features and five grains in ancient times, are the whole aesthetic concept of China in his early days, and are regarded as the basic form of the whole oriental music by westerners.

Ancient music and entertainment. Four Books, Five Classics, Six Classics, Thirteen Classics, Three-character Classics, Thousands of Poems, 300 Selected Poems of Tang Poetry, Compilation of Ancient Documents and Words, Twenty-four History, Tongzhijian, Poems of Taiping Guangji, Naming of Historical Books, and Writing of Literary and Historical Classics.

5. Comprehensive study of ancient cultural knowledge, astronomy and geography.

Regarding the structural classification of China ancient culture, the standards of various schools are different, and the classification is also different: there is a dichotomy between matter and spirit; There is a dichotomy of matter, system and spirit; There are four divisions: material, system, behavior and mentality; There are also six branches: material, social, spiritual, art, language and customs. Although these divisions have different levels, they are all based on the development process of human creation culture, from material to spirit, from perceptual to rational, which is suitable for professionals to study and study. The ancient culture of China in middle school students' learning materials should be divided according to different educational functions.

The ancient cultural knowledge involved in middle school Chinese textbooks includes astronomy, geography, literature and art, philosophy and religion, administrative calendar, military criminal law, yin and yang elements, family etiquette, music and art, food and clothing, crown of horses and chariots, cultural foundation, political and economic system, strategy of governing the country with talents, values and moral sentiments. However, because there is no special text in the textbook to introduce China's ancient cultural knowledge, this knowledge is scattered. Teachers are difficult to teach and students are even more difficult to learn. Therefore, in teaching, we should sort out and classify the scattered ancient cultural knowledge according to the different functions of education. Each category is divided into several knowledge points. Taking an ancient cultural knowledge point as a breakthrough, it is fanned out, broadening the scope and developing in depth. Then discuss the next knowledge point. This has three advantages: first, classify the scattered knowledge in the text into systems and establish knowledge chains. Second, when teachers spread scattered knowledge of ancient culture, they can adopt the method of special lectures. The third is to provide students with a research-based learning method, open their minds and develop good academic habits.