Information about Mei Lanfang

Mei Lanfang (1894- 196 1), whose real name is Lan, is also known as Zihuahua and Huanhua, the owner of Yuxuan, with a stage name. Taizhou, Jiangsu, 1894 was born in Beijing. He was born in a Beijing opera family. 10 years old, performing "Fairy Couple" in Guanghe Building, Beijing. Hua Dan, 1908, 19 1 held Peking Opera actor selection activities in all walks of life in Beijing. 19 13 performed in Shanghai for the first time, and performed such plays as Colorful Houses, Yutangchun and Woodcut Zhai. AtNo. Dangui 1 at the Daxin intersection of Sima Road. When he first came to Shanghai, he became popular in Jiangnan. At that time, there was a saying circulating in the alley: "Please be like Mei Lanfang and have a son like Zhou." He absorbed the improved elements of Shanghai civilized opera, such as new stage, lighting, makeup and costume design. After returning to Beijing, he created a new fashion drama "Rough Sea". The following year, he came to Shanghai again, and performed such famous works as Five Flowers Cave, True and False Pan Jinlian and Drunken Lady, and sang for 34 days.

After returning to Beijing, Mei Lanfang continued to rehearse the new plays "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon", "Spring fragrance makes snow" and "Dai Yu buries flowers". 19 16 came to Shanghai for the third time and sang for 45 days. 19 18 and then moved to Shanghai, which was the pinnacle of his dramatic art, and he performed on the Tianchan stage many times. Combining the performances of Tsing Yi, Hua Dan and Beijing Opera blues, it created a mellow and beautiful singing voice and formed a unique Mei school. 19 15 years, Mei Lanfang rehearsed a large number of new plays, and made unique artistic innovations in singing, chanting, dancing, music, clothing and other aspects of Beijing opera, and was called the master of Mei School.

1965438+In April 2009, Mei Lanfang went to Japan to perform Scattered Flowers at the invitation of Imperial Theatre in Tokyo, Japan.

Plays such as Hosta. Return to China in a month. 192 1 The new drama Farewell My Concubine was edited and performed. 1922 presided over Chenghua Society.

During 1927, Shuntian Times held the first China actress selection. Mei Lanfang, with her profound foundation, mellow voice and beautiful appearance, is also known as the four famous Peking Opera artists with Cheng, Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng.

1In the spring of 930, Mei Lanfang led a delegation to the United States and performed Peking Opera in new york, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles and other cities, which was a great success. The newspaper commented that China's plays are not realistic, but artistic, a disciplined performance method and more profound than real life. During this period, he was awarded a doctorate in literature by Pomona University and the University of Southern California.

193 1 After the September 18th Incident, Mei Lanfang moved to Shanghai, staying at Cangzhou Hotel first, and then moved to Mas South Road 12 1. He rehearsed plays such as Anti-Nomads, Life and Death Hate, and promoted patriotism. 1935 led a delegation to perform in the Soviet Union and Europe and visit foreign dramas. Among Peking Opera artists, Mei Lanfang visited China the most and received the most foreign artists. He introduced the performing arts of Chinese Peking Opera and the humble and simple qualities of artists to people all over the world, so people called him the cultural messenger of Chinese Peking Opera from 1920s to 1950s.

After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese Puppet tried to buy people's hearts with Mei Lanfang to decorate Taiping, but was refused several times. Considering that she could not stay in Shanghai for a long time, Mei Lanfang 1938 went to Hong Kong. He performed Liang Hongyu and other plays in Hongkong, which inspired people's fighting spirit. 194 1 After the fall of Hong Kong, he arranged for his two children to study in the rear area. 1942 returned to Shanghai.

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Mei Lanfang returned to Shanghai and often performed Kunqu Opera. 1948 filmed the color film "Life and Death Hate", which is the first color opera film in China. After the liberation of Shanghai,1June, 949, he was invited to Beiping to attend the first National Congress of Literary and Art Workers and was elected as the Standing Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. /kloc-returned to Beijing to settle down in 0/950 and served as the president of Peking Opera Research Institute of the Ministry of Culture; 195 1 year as president of China opera research institute; 1952 President of China Peking Opera Theatre, and was elected as a deputy to the National People's Congress. 1955 filmed Mei Lanfang's stage art, including his representative works in various periods, such as Cosmic Front and Broken Bridge, as well as his life fragments and drama fragments, such as "Spring Fragments Noisy Garden", which were performed in factories and stages. 1956 He led a delegation of Chinese Peking Opera to perform in Japan. June 1959 performed "Mu Shuai Shuai" in Beijing as a gift program for the 10th anniversary of the National Day. 196 1 passed away in Beijing on August 8th. He is the author of Collected Works of Mei Lanfang, Selected Plays of Mei Lanfang and Forty Years of Stage Life. Representative plays include Drunk Maid-in-waiting, Goddess Scattered Flowers, Cosmic Front, Fishing and Killing Family, etc. More than 65,438,000 students have been trained and taught.

[Edit this paragraph] The origin of the stage name

Mei Lanfang, a master of Peking Opera, was born in a family of Peking Opera. His grandfather Mei Qiaoling was a famous actress in the late Qing Dynasty, and his uncle Mei Yutian played the Beijing Opera and Huqin.

Go home. The father's name is Mingrui, the word Zhufen, the son's name is Hua Dan, and the mother is Zhang Yu, the eldest daughter of Yang Longshou. He studied art at the age of 8 and studied under the brother of Zhu Suyun, a famous young student.

Zhu took the stage at the age of 1 1. He studied hard and practiced constantly, inherited and developed the traditional art of Peking Opera, and formed a unique "Mei School", which became the first of the four famous artists. His performing arts have long been well-known at home and abroad, but it was not until 16 that he got the stage name "Mei Lanfang".

In the autumn of Guangxu thirty-four years (1908), Ye Chunshan, the squad leader of Xilian, led a class to perform in Jilin. One morning, Niu Zihou, an enlightened man from Xi Liancheng, organized by Ye Chunshan, went for a walk in Beishan, Jilin. When they climb the mountain, they chat. Suddenly, they found a man practicing sword in the Woods. But seeing that he is light and agile, the sword is dancing with cold light, and the wind is whistling, enclosing himself in an arc aperture that can't splash water. Niu Zihou was completely stunned. He loved Peking Opera all his life, and he also saw many performances by martial arts masters. But there are not many unparalleled swordsmanship like this, and he can't help clapping his hands again and again. Hearing the applause, the sword dancer quickly put away his sword, blushed, wiped the sweat on his forehead with a handkerchief and bowed respectfully: "Boss Niu, I like to make a fool of myself."

At this moment, Niu Zihou stepped forward and looked at it carefully. He saw the young man in front of him, handsome and dignified. He is really a leading role material and asks, "Have you ever had a stage name?" Ye Chunshan replied: "I gave him a stage name' Xiqun'." Niu Zihou pondered for a long time, and said, "This child has good looks and good conduct, and it won't be long before he succeeds. How about renaming him Mei Lanfang? " Ye Chunshan and his disciples readily agreed. Since then, I have been using Mei Lanfang, a famous stage name at home and abroad.

Japanese puppet blackmail angrily destroyed the painting.

Mei Lanfang has performance income. When she went to Hong Kong, she took it to Hong Kong and deposited it in the bank. However, shortly after returning to Shanghai, Hong Kong under the rule of the Japanese aggressors froze all this high deposit and could not withdraw it. Mei Lanfang, who has been living on interest, suddenly has difficulties in family life, and how the whole family can survive has become a problem that Mei Lanfang thinks day and night. He asked his wife what to do. The woman said, "Recently, the newspaper published the news that Ms. He Xiangning sells paintings for a living. We might as well learn from her. Give full play to your painting talent. How do you make a living by selling paintings? "

In fact, Mei Lanfang had this idea for a long time, but she didn't say it, for fear that her wife wouldn't agree. Since the lady took the initiative to speak, he naturally nodded. The two set out to conceive, the wife grinds ink and the husband paints. In less than eight days, I drew more than 20 pictures of fish, shrimp, plum and pine. When the public saw the eye-catching advertisement "Our store sells Mr. Mei Lanfang's latest works, welcome to visit", they snapped them up one after another. In less than two days, more than 20 paintings were all sold out.

After the news came out, the Shanghai literary and art circles, the press and the business circles reacted very strongly. Many celebrities proposed to hold an exhibition for Mei Lanfang. Mei Lanfang was particularly excited when she learned that. In order to live up to expectations, he practiced hard for half a month and painted dozens of works for the organizers to arrange. The organizer selected the Double Ninth Festival to be exhibited in the Shanghai Exhibition Hall, and invited Mei Lanfang and his wife to attend the ribbon-cutting ceremony.

However, the news spread like wildfire, and the Japanese, puppet and traitors colluded with each other and made trouble at will. They sent a group of plainclothes policemen into the exhibition hall in advance, and many visitors left one after another. Mei Lanfang was surprised to find that the door was empty. When he entered the exhibition hall, he found a note pinned to each painting, which read "President Wang's Order", "Vice President Zhou's Order" and "Chief Okamura Ningji's Order" ... Some of them read "Send to Tokyo for Exhibition". Mei Lanfang and his wife saw this scene, and their eyes were burning. They immediately picked up the paper cutter on the table and stabbed the picture. "wow! Wow! Hey! " After a few minutes, the Chinese painting turned into a piece of paper.

Mei Lanfang's indignant destruction of paintings soon spread throughout Shanghai and the whole country. The newspaper of Shanghai authorities published the first news, saying: "Minister Chu was dumbfounded, and an art exhibition was a false alarm!" Soong Ching Ling, Guo Moruo, He Xiangning and Ou Yangyuqian delivered speeches of solidarity, praising Mei Lanfang's integrity and being admired by the world. The masses also sent letters to support Mei Lanfang's patriotic action. Mei Lanfang was moved to tears when he saw that the people of the whole country appreciated and supported him so much. He excitedly said to his wife, "I, Mei Lanfang, am no longer a lonely swallow!" "

Make a living by borrowing money.

Mei Lanfang was cut off from economic resources and lived in natural poverty. He had to sell his house in Beijing in tears, and then sold his collection for many years. Nevertheless, I borrowed money from my relatives and friends. A friend learned that his family's life was desperate, so he donated money to help each other. Ye Yuhu, an old painter, proposed to hold a Chinese painting exhibition in cooperation with him, highlighting the theme of plum and bamboo and expanding social influence.

In the occupied area of Shanghai, there is chaos and panic, and people have to live in fear because of water and electricity cuts or air raid alarms. It is in this difficult environment that Mei Lanfang made great progress in painting and overcame a series of unimaginable difficulties. After eight months' hard work, he painted more than 70 works of/kloc-0, with a wide range of subjects, including ladies, Buddha statues, flowers, pine trees and plum blossoms. Together with Ye Yuhu's works, it was exhibited in a villa of China Bank on Chengdu Road in the spring of 1945, which was well received by the majority of visitors.

After the exhibition, Mei Lanfang was forced to sell most of her works in order to make a living. Income is to pay off debts, to arrange the livelihood of the family, and to support people with more difficulties in the troupe. Mei Lanfang bitterly recalled the vicissitudes of these years and said gloomily to his friends, "I can't describe the pain of an actor who refused to perform on stage because of his beard because he resisted the harsh social environment." I paint partly to make a living and partly to amuse myself. Otherwise, I really want to suffocate. "

During the Anti-Japanese War, Mei Lanfang resolutely refused to perform for the national enemy, which showed the indomitable strength of a generation of artists. This incident has become a touching story of China, widely praised by the people of China, and greatly inspired the determination of the people of China to fight bravely.

Be good at playing roles

In Beijing Opera, Mei Lanfang is the best performer. In Beijing opera, women are collectively called Dan, which can be subdivided into many occupations according to the age and personality of the role. The woman who plays a well-off family and has status is called Zheng Dan, and Zheng Dan is commonly known as Tsing Yi in Beijing Opera, because the role of Zheng Dan often wears a blue robe. Dou E, the heroine in the Peking Opera Dou E Yuan, is a typical Tsing Yi character. Tsing Yi's performance is solemn and demure, beautiful, elegant and gentle, and mainly focuses on singing. Generally speaking, Tsing Yi's singing is beautiful and delicate.

[Edit this paragraph] Contribute

Mr Mei Lanfang has made outstanding contributions to the cultural exchange between China and the international community. He is the pioneer of China's spreading Peking Opera overseas. On 19 19, 1924, 1956, he visited Japan three times, 1930 visited the United States, 1935, 1952 visited the Soviet Union twice. His activities not only enhanced people's understanding of China culture, but also made Chinese Peking Opera enter the world drama forest.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Mei Lanfang was successively elected as a deputy to the National People's Congress, a member of the Standing Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a vice chairman of the Chinese Federation of Literary and Art Circles and a vice chairman of the Chinese Dramatists Association. He has served as director of China Theatre Research Institute, dean of China Theatre Academy, and dean of China Peking Opera Theatre. He joined China in July 1959 and made various contributions to the socialist construction of the motherland.

Mr Mei Lanfang is a symbol of China's performing arts and the pride of our people.