I often hear that there are three religions and nine streams, and secular desires. How to subdivide them?

1. What is "three religions and nine streams"? A: First, the three religions refer to Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. See three dogmas. Jiuliu refers to nine academic schools from pre-Qin to early Han Dynasty. See article 96. Three religions and nine streams refer to various academic schools. Yuan's Wang Shifu and The Romance of the West Chamber, the fourth volume, is the second fold: one is thoroughly taught and the other is full of embroidery. Later, it was also used to refer to various industries or people in society. Jing Hua Yuan ﹋ Back to 99: Look carefully, scholars, farmers, workers, businessmen, all kinds of religions. Also known as nine schools and three religions. Source: Mandarin Dictionary of the Ministry of Education (um =137564 &; Graphicword = yes. Querystring= nine streams) Second, "three religions and nine streams" is a word that people often encounter, but there are not many words that can fully express its content. The so-called "three religions and nine streams" refers to the classification of people's status and occupation in old China. According to the explanation of relevant materials, its specific content is: three religions: Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. "History of Northern Zhou Gaozu" contains: In the second year of Jiande, in December of Emperor Wu of Zhou Dynasty, officials and monks gathered together, the emperor was promoted, and the three religions were successively interpreted. Confucianism comes first, Taoism comes second, and Buddhism comes last. "Nine streams: Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Legalists, Famous Scholars, Mohists, Strategists, Sages, and Farmhouses. According to the traditional method, Jiuxi can be divided into Shangjiuxi, Zhongjiuxi and Xiajiuxi. Shangjiuliu: First-class Buddha, Second-rate Heaven, Third-rate Emperor, Fourth-rate Official, Fifth-rate Pavilion, Sixth-rate Prime Minister, Seven-rate (Jinshi), Eight-rate (Juren) and Nine-rate. Zhong Jiuliu: First-rate scholar, second-rate doctor, third-rate painter, fourth-rate skin (shadow play), fifth-rate actor, sixth-rate gold (divination), seven monks, eight roads and nine chess. The next nine streams: first-class platform, second-rate blowing, third-rate circus, fourth-rate pushing, fifth-rate pool, sixth back, seventh repair, eighth match and ninth prostitute. Source:/yqyd/sjjl.htm+%E4% B8% 8a% E4% B9% 9d% E6% B5% 81+%E4% B8% 8b% E4% B9% 9d% E6% B5% 81& HL = zh-tw & amp； Ie=utf-8 Third, "three religions and nine streams" is generally understood as the name of ancient occupations, and it is considered to refer to people who wandered around the rivers and lakes in the old society and engaged in various industries. The' three religions and nine streams' in ancient vernacular novels often contain derogatory meanings. " "Three religions" refers to Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. "Jiuliu" refers to nine academic schools in the pre-Qin period, which were recorded in the history of literature and art in the Han Dynasty. These nine schools refer to Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang schools, Legalists, famous artists, Mohists, militarists, miscellaneous schools and peasant schools. "Nine streams" are divided into "upper nine streams", "middle nine streams" and "lower nine streams". "Shangjiuliu" are emperors, sages, hermits, children's immortals, literati, warriors, agriculture, industry and commerce. The "middle nine streams" are: Ju Zi, Doctor, Xiang Ming, Dan Qing (painter), scholar, monk, Tao and Ni. "Dirty servants" are: masters, servants, scales (scales), matchmakers, pawns, time demons (kidnappers and witches), thieves, thieves and prostitutes.

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(Buddha's Light Textbook) Volume 10 An Introduction to Religion (1-20) Lesson 15 Buddhist Views on the Three Religions and Nine Streams It has been a long time since Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism were collectively called the Three Religions. Buddhism is Buddhism, and it is the teaching method of Sakyamuni Buddha. In fact, Confucianism refers to Confucian education, such as Confucius and Mencius' emphasis on ethics and etiquette. On the other hand, Taoism takes life as its main purpose, including the teachings of Dante, Zhai Zhai, Fuyong, Jishan and Jingjie. Confucianism and Taoism belong to China's native culture, while Buddhism is spread from India. Therefore, there are many differences in doctrines, thoughts and beliefs among the three religions. However, in the process of the spread of the three religions in China, due to the mutual influence, the theory of the confluence of the three religions came into being. Nine-stream theory is based on Hanshu? According to the records in Yiwenzhi, there are Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, France, famous artists, Yin and Yang, strategists, miscellaneous scholars and farmers. It is an important school of thought in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Nine streams have their own strengths. Confucius and Mencius' Confucian central thought is based on "benevolence", emphasizing the three cardinal guides and five permanents, four dimensions and eight virtues, and learning six arts, so they can be called intellectuals. Laozi and Zhuangzi's Taoism, "taking Tao as the principle, taking morality as the body, taking perseverance as the teaching, taking nothing as the foundation, taking it as the extreme, and even doing everything." Laozi advised me to return to nature and conform to nature. The founder of Mohism is Mo Zhai, who advocates "mutual love and mutual benefit", regards self-suffering and self-interest as sacred, and attaches importance to samurai spirit. Even if you go through fire and water, you will eventually become a ranger gang. Legalists advocated active reform to enrich Qiang Bing, and made all the people submit through severe punishment. Li Kui, Shang Yang, Shen Dao, Shen Buhai and Han Fei are all outstanding among them. This theory played a great role in the process of Qin Shihuang's unification of the six countries, but the tyranny also caused a strong rebound among the people. Famous scholars are academic schools specializing in the relationship between name and reality, and the debate on preference theory has made great contributions to the thinking mode of logic. Hui Shi, Gong Sunlong and others specialize in analyzing names, but they contain contradictory concepts that confuse dialectics. Yin and Yang families explain the rise and fall of dynasties and predict future changes with the theory that the five elements of earth, wood, gold, fire and water are dominant. Zou Yan, the founder, put forward the theory that "five virtues begin at the end", which aroused the curiosity of the governors who competed for the world, but eventually became a prophetic superstition. A strategist is like a modern diplomatic expert. At that time, Su Qin and Zhang Yi, who lobbied among the princes of the Warring States, adopted the policy of "vertical confrontation" and "Lian Heng reconciliation", which greatly influenced the decisions of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States and Qin Shihuang. Miscellaneous scholars tried to "combine Confucianism and Mohism, get the same name and the same law", integrated the thoughts of various schools, and worked out a set of laws governing the country, represented by Lv Buwei in Qin Dynasty. The farmer is an expert in agricultural production technology and is committed to "sowing hundreds of grains, diligently farming and planting mulberry, and having ample food and clothing." Xu Xing, the founder, also advocated "double cultivation of monarch and minister". Nine streams have their own characteristics, which originated from the needs of society at that time. However, due to the changes of the times, except Confucianism and Taoism, they still stand at the forefront of China's traditional culture, and most of them gradually declined after the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. However, if we look at the "three religions and nine streams" from a modern perspective, we find that they are still integrated into various fields of society, such as educational theory, code system, political theory, diplomatic public relations, logical calculus, folk festivals, gang churches, fortune telling, psychological counseling, agricultural knowledge and other industries. The "Nine Streams" in the pre-Qin period really contributed to the development of China society. It is a precious heritage of traditional culture and embodies the wisdom and experience of our ancestors. After the integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, the arguments for practicing and the purpose of saving the world are inevitably similar. For example, Confucianism says "correct mind", Buddhism says "clear mind" and Taoism says "refine mind"; Confucianism "governs the world", Buddhism "governs the mind" and Taoism "governs the body"; Confucianism is close to "humanity", Buddhism is close to "Buddhism and Taoism" and Taoism is close to "heaven"; Confucianism says "be kind to yourself and help the world", Buddhism says "protect morality for a long time, and descend to all beings", and Taoism says "clean your heart and govern by doing nothing". But tracing back to the source carefully, the reasoning of the three religions is shallow and deep, and Chen Yi's tastes are still very different. Confucianism said, "How can you know who you are if you don't know who you are?" . "Everything about the origin of the universe, mysterious phenomena, life and death issues is ignored, and everything is in line with fate. Taoism, on the other hand, combines the creation of the universe with the idea of immortals with the concept of "three cleanses in one breath", and holds that everything in the world is transformed from three cleanses, which is the embodiment of materialism. Buddhism, on the other hand, answers the causal view of the creation, birth, evil and emptiness of the universe by revealing the theory of "emptiness", and breaks people's confusion about life and death with the theory of causality and reincarnation of good and evil. The doctrine of Buddhism is harmonious, which makes Buddhism in the nine streams of Confucianism and Taoism and can be passed down for a long time. Today's "three religions and nine streams" have been thoroughly remoulded and integrated into all sectors of society, forming a brand-new look. Moreover, due to the rapid development of scientific and technological civilization, new industries are constantly emerging, which is not covered by the past 365 lines. There are all kinds of strange things in the new industry, but there are many differences between good and bad, good and evil. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish good from evil by Buddhism's righteous life. As long as it conforms to the pure laws of karma, five precepts and ten virtues, can self-demand, self-purify and arouse the bodhisattva's self-interest, the traditional "three religions and nine streams" and the modern "a hundred schools of thought contend" can make the society better under the norms of the law of goodness and beauty.

The doctor's seven emotions: joy, anger, sorrow, joy, love, evil and lust.

Six desires: eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and mind.

The Buddha said he knew six things: eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and mind.

Produce six dust colors, sounds, tastes, tastes, touches and methods.

So there are seven emotions: joy, anger, sorrow, joy, love, evil and desire.

The seven emotions in a Buddhist dictionary refer to the seven emotions that ordinary people have: joy, anger, sorrow, fear, love, evil and desire. The six desires recorded in the second volume of Great Wisdom refer to the six desires of ordinary people to the opposite sex: lust, appearance, dignity, voice, smoothness and humanity; Or refers to the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and mind. The term "secular desire" used today refers to people's emotions and desires. Apply the "six desires" in Buddhist scriptures.

What are the seven emotions? Book of rites? Liu Yun said: "Happiness, anger, sadness, fear, love, evil and desire can all be learned." It can be seen that emotion is an emotional expression or psychological activity of emotion, and desire is one of the seven emotions. Strangely, the "seven emotions" of Buddhism are almost the same as those of Confucianism. They all refer to the seven emotions of "happiness, anger, worry, fear, love, hate and desire" and put desire at the end of the seven emotions. The theory of traditional Chinese medicine has changed slightly. Seven emotions refer to seven emotions: joy, anger, worry, thinking, sadness, fear and surprise. Excessive excitement of these seven emotions may lead to imbalance of yin and yang and stagnation of qi and blood, which may lead to various diseases. It is thought-provoking that Chinese medicine does not include "desire" in the seven emotions.

So, what are the six desires? "Lu Chunqiu? Gui Sheng first put forward the concept of six desires: "The so-called whole-born person has all six desires. "So what exactly are the six desires? Gao You, a philosopher in the Eastern Han Dynasty, commented on this: "Six desires, life, death, ears, eyes, mouth and nose. "Visible, six desires refers to people's physiological needs or desires. People should live, be afraid of death, and live with flavor and color, so they should eat with their mouths, taste with their tongues, see with their eyes, hear with their ears and smell with their noses. These desires are innate and can be learned without teaching. Later, some people summarized this as "seeing desire, listening desire, fragrant desire, taste desire, touching desire and desire". However, the Buddhist theory of great wisdom is far from it. It holds that the six desires refer to lust, appearance, dignity and posture, speech and sound, fluency and human desire. Basically, the six desires are defined as the six natural desires of laymen for the opposite sex, which is what modern people often say.

Modern people seem to prefer to refer to "secular desires" in general, without distinguishing them specifically. There is a popular song called "secular desire". I can't remember the lyrics clearly, but a few words are very impressive. They said, "I'm drunk, but it hurts more when I'm awake." "I don't want you to stop crying when I spend a period of time with you suffering from worldly desires/I don't want you to stop/worldly desires are overturned/laughing and crying, thinking about your appearance ..." Although the singer in "Secular Desire" didn't make it clear, he actually became a modern youth.

Speaking of which, love and desire seem to have been unified. In other words, love and desire are inseparable. Where can there be desire without love? Where can I get love without wanting or asking? No love, no desire, six clean, four empty, no fireworks, no affection, no joys and sorrows. Such people are either nuns, monks, immortals or ghosts.

From this point of view, secular desire is the basic physiological requirement and psychological motivation of human beings, the foundation of human nature, everyone's nature and the most basic color of human life. But people are different, and the manifestations of secular desires are varied. As the saying goes, everyone has worldly desires, and there are great differences. Because of this, how to express people's secular desires has become an inexhaustible source of literary and artistic creation and a colorful topic.

However, emotion is not equal to desire after all. In the concept of modern China people, emotion and desire are not exactly the same thing.

Emotion mainly refers to people's emotional expression, which belongs to the category of people's psychological activities; Desire mainly refers to the needs of human survival and enjoyment, and belongs to the category of physiological activities. There is a proverb that love is too sad and desire is too strong to hurt the body, which shows that love and desire belong to two closely related but different fields: mind and body. Secondly, emotion and desire interact and complement each other, emotion can give birth to desire, and desire can also give birth to emotion; The satisfaction of desire requires emotional input, and emotional pleasure also depends on the satisfaction of desire. However, if you have to put your feelings and desires in order, you might as well have a debate. I'm afraid both sides can make sense, and the discussion will be as lively and interesting as chicken or egg. Ask young men and women in love. Although they are there, it is hard to say what is the relationship between love and desire. If a literary work is heartless, it is probably not a literary work, but if we want to find the answer from a literary work, it may be even more confusing.

However, scientists have made it clear. In the world we live in, everything can be divided into three categories: minerals, plants and animals. Minerals are lifeless; Plants have life but no desire, only accept without feeling; Animals have life and desire, and they know how to feel. People are animals, of course, have a basic desire for survival, so Mencius said: "People are different from animals." But after all, man is not an animal, but a more advanced animal, the "spirit of all things", and of course much more advanced than the desire of animals. That is to say, human beings can not only receive and feel information, but also be moved, excited and impulsive by giving and receiving information, and control or deal with it rationally, so as to develop the desire of animals to the height of emotion and rationality, while the desire and feeling of ordinary animals only stay at the instinctive level. In a sense, literature and art are the art of expressing secular desires. There is an important sign that a literary work is exquisite, elegant and popular, that is, the degree or height to which emotion and reason adapt to the times when the work expresses secular desires.

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As the saying goes, flowers are colorful and people have secular desires.

What are the seven emotions? "Li Yun" said: "Happiness, anger, sorrow, fear, love, evil and desire can all be learned." It can be seen that emotion is an emotional expression or psychological activity of emotion, and desire is one of the seven emotions. Strangely, the "seven emotions" of Buddhism are almost the same as those of Confucianism. They all refer to the seven emotions of "happiness, anger, worry, fear, love, hate and desire" and put desire at the end of the seven emotions. The theory of traditional Chinese medicine has changed slightly. Seven emotions refer to seven emotions: joy, anger, worry, thinking, sadness, fear and surprise. Excessive excitement of these seven emotions may lead to imbalance of yin and yang and stagnation of qi and blood, which may lead to various diseases. It is thought-provoking that Chinese medicine does not include "desire" in the seven emotions.

So, what are the six desires? Lu Chunqiu-Guisheng first put forward the concept of six desires: "The so-called whole life is suitable for all six desires." So what exactly are the six desires? Gao You, a philosopher in the Eastern Han Dynasty, commented on this: "Six desires, life, death, ears, eyes, mouth and nose." It can be seen that six desires refer to people's physiological needs or desires. People should live, be afraid of death, and live with flavor and color, so they should eat with their mouths, taste with their tongues, see with their eyes, hear with their ears and smell with their noses. These desires are innate and can be learned without teaching. Later, some people summarized this as "seeing desire, listening desire, fragrant desire, taste desire, touching desire and desire". However, the Buddhist theory of great wisdom is far from it. It holds that the six desires refer to lust, appearance, dignity and posture, speech and sound, fluency and human desire. Basically, the six desires are defined as the six natural desires of laymen for the opposite sex, which is what modern people often say.

Modern people seem to prefer to refer to "secular desires" in general, without distinguishing them specifically. There is a popular song called "Secular Desire". I can't remember the lyrics clearly, but a few words are very impressive. They said, "I am drunk, but it hurts more when I am awake." "I don't want you to be in tears when I accompany you through a secular desire and tasted/loved your suffering. /worldly desires knocked over/crying and laughing and thinking about your appearance; ..... "The specific secular desire singer didn't make it clear, but he sang the mentality and feelings of modern young people who are lovelorn to the extreme and dying.

Speaking of which, love and desire seem to have been unified. In other words, love and desire are inseparable. Where can there be desire without love? Where can I get love without wanting or asking? No love, no desire, six clean, four empty, no fireworks, no affection, no joys and sorrows. Such people are either nuns, monks, immortals or ghosts.

From this point of view, secular desire is the basic physiological requirement and psychological motivation of human beings, the foundation of human nature, everyone's nature and the most basic color of human life. But people are different, and the manifestations of secular desires are varied. As the saying goes, everyone has worldly desires, and there are great differences. Because of this, how to express people's secular desires has become an inexhaustible source of literary and artistic creation and a colorful topic.

However, emotion is not equal to desire after all. In the concept of modern China people, emotion and desire are not exactly the same thing. Emotion mainly refers to people's emotional expression, which belongs to the category of people's psychological activities; Desire mainly refers to the needs of human survival and enjoyment, and belongs to the category of physiological activities. There is a proverb that love is too sad and desire is too strong to hurt the body, which shows that love and desire belong to two closely related but different fields: mind and body. Secondly, emotion and desire interact and complement each other, emotion can give birth to desire, and desire can also give birth to emotion; The satisfaction of desire requires emotional input, and emotional pleasure also depends on the satisfaction of desire. However, if you have to put your feelings and desires in order, you might as well have a debate. I'm afraid both sides can make sense, and the discussion will be as lively and interesting as chicken or egg. Ask young men and women in love. Although they are there, it is hard to say what is the relationship between love and desire. If a literary work is heartless, it is probably not a literary work, but if we want to find the answer from a literary work, it may be even more confusing.

However, scientists have made it clear. In the world we live in, everything can be divided into three categories: minerals, plants and animals. Minerals are lifeless; Plants have life but no desire, only accept without feeling; Animals have life and desire, and they know how to feel. People are animals, of course, have a basic desire for survival, so Mencius said: "People are different from animals." But after all, man is not an animal, but a more advanced animal, the "spirit of all things", and of course much more advanced than the desire of animals. That is to say, human beings can not only receive and feel information, but also be moved, excited and impulsive by giving and receiving information, and control or deal with it rationally, so as to develop the desire of animals to the height of emotion and rationality, while the desire and feeling of ordinary animals only stay at the instinctive level. In a sense, literature and art are the art of expressing secular desires. There is an important sign that a literary work is exquisite, elegant and popular, that is, the degree or height to which emotion and reason adapt to the times when the work expresses secular desires.