Basic terms of Henan dialect

* [Note ]. 1. The word in front of the brackets is the word used in Henan dialect, and the pronunciation of Henan dialect is in brackets. The dash indicates the corresponding Putonghua word.

2. Pinyin in italics means continuous pronunciation, and Pinyin without tone means light tone.

3. When the pinyin before "A" is pronounced as the sound of "A", "A" is only partially pronounced, and then it should be taken back in a hurry.

4. A word marked ◥ before a word indicates that it is a loan word, and there is no original word in modern Chinese. ① Personal pronouns

I (am not).-Me

You (N and),-You

I (ān),-We

You, you

② interrogative pronouns

Why (zā)?-Why?

Who? -Who?

What (shh), what

Where, where

Nuà & What the hell (nuàlia &；; Farmhouse & ampNèng shà lia), what?

③ demonstrative pronoun

This (zh ǐ a)&; (zh ǒ),-This, this

That (n m) (n ǒ) (n ě i), that, that.

This ◥ (zh ǐ aqiang)&; This way, this way.

◥ (n money)&; There (n m 4 bi á nr),-there, there (1) structural auxiliary.

Ray),-Germany, Germany, Germany

Sample (y ā ng),-sample

② Dynamic auxiliary words

With (Zhu Fei)&(New Year and One),-with.

(Li ā o)，-

③ Modal auxiliary words

Oh (Io),-

Hey (Ray),-?

White (b? Monosyllabic words with different meanings

The meaning of "clock" in 1 (zhóng) Putonghua is mainly central, internal, appropriate, impartial or used after verbs to express continuous state. In Henan dialect, the tone of "zhong" is pronounced as rising tone or rising tone, meaning "success, action and goodness".

2. In Putonghua, the meaning of "flower" mainly includes: flowers, expenses, etc. When expressing plant flowers, a single "flower" refers to cotton, and "flower (huār)" means flower.

3. De (semitone for short) As a notional word, the word "de" in Mandarin has the meaning of "de and he". In Henan dialect, the word "de" is pronounced as dē, and the tone is Shang Sheng. Besides the meaning of Mandarin, it can also mean that life is comfortable or satisfactory. His family is very rich. His family is rich or comfortable.

4. "Burn" means "light something to heat" in both Putonghua and Henan dialect. In Henan dialect, there is also the meaning of "getting carried away by getting rich or gaining power", which is roughly the same as "Sao" in Mandarin. For example: What will you do? What's there to burn?

6. Xun (XIN) "Xun" means "Xun" in Mandarin, and it is pronounced as XIN in Henan dialect, which also means "giving" and "marrying". If someone asks you, "Did you find a boy?" Is to ask if you have found someone.

7. lick (tiān) "lick" means "touch or take things with your tongue" in Mandarin. This verb is mostly used in things rather than people, but in Henan dialect, it can be used in people, meaning "curry favor with others" and pronounced "draw a level".

8. spray (pén) "spray" means "liquid, gas, powder, etc. in Mandarin. Spray out under pressure. " In Henan dialect, the word "spray" is pronounced as "rising tone", which means "chatting" and is often used with the word "pénkóngr". It also means "nonsense, talk big" Spray it! Don't listen to him! (3) they put it here and sprayed it empty!

9. Board (bān) "Board" is a noun in Mandarin, which means "flaky hard object." The word "ban" in Henan dialect is pronounced as "ping Diao" and can be used as a verb, meaning "throw away", except for this meaning in Mandarin. Throw this dirty thing away quickly!

10.(à ng) In Mandarin, the word "Jue" generally refers to something wrapped in skin or shell. In addition to this meaning, there is also the meaning of "bad, weak, soft objects or insufficient air pressure" in Henan dialect, which is pronounced as entering tone. He is a terrible driver. He is stubborn and never dares to speak loudly. This rear wheel is a little inflated.

13. Drink (yǐn) The word "drink" is used with large livestock, which means raising livestock and is homophonic with "drinking cattle".

Disyllabic words with different meanings

1. In Putonghua, "fineness" means "the quantity or general quality of pure gold and pure silver contained in gold coins, silver coins or utensils." In Henan dialect, "Cheng" is pronounced as entering tone, and "Se" is pronounced as S (rising tone), which means "ability and skill". Lao Wang thinks Xiao Li has no color. Lao Wang thinks Xiao Li is incompetent.

Single "single" means "local ruffians and hooligans" in Mandarin (different from "single"). In Henan dialect, "single" means "fierce", "light" is pronounced as entering tone, and "stick" is softly spoken. For example, in Henan dialect, "Why are you single?" It means "What are you good at?"

3. Wife If the word "wife" in Henan dialect is pronounced as "po", it is no longer the meaning of "referring to a man's spouse" in Mandarin, but the meaning of "old woman or old lady". This wife is really interesting. In Henan dialect, it means "this old lady is really interesting"

4. Drinking soup "drinking soup" is pronounced as rising tone. In Henan dialect, it mainly means "eating". Especially in rural areas, at night, parents call their children home for dinner and often shout "XXX, come back for soup!" "

5. In Mandarin, "coming back" means "coming to the original place from another place or after a verb." In Henan dialect, there is not only the meaning of Putonghua, but also the meaning of "later or later". For example, "Let's talk about it when we get back!" In Henan dialect, it means "Let's talk about this later!" The meaning of "hui" is pronounced as entering tone, and "lai" is pronounced as softly.

6. "Old man" means "old man" in Mandarin. In Henan dialect, there is not only the meaning of "old man", but also the meaning of "woman's spouse", which corresponds to "wife" in Mandarin. "Old" is pronounced as flat tone, and "boss" is pronounced as entering tone.

7. Brush In Mandarin, "brush" means "an instrument made of wool, brown silk, plastic silk, metal wire, etc. Remove stolen goods or apply ointment. " In Henan dialect, in addition to this meaning, there is also the meaning of "skill and ability". For example, who dares to take this job without two brushes? "Brush" is pronounced as rising tone.

8. No matter whether "no matter" is a conjunction in Mandarin, it means "the result will not change under any conditions and circumstances", which often echoes adverbs such as "Du, Ye", but in Henan dialect, it means "No, No". For example, Wang Neng Jr. jumped on the bus and Xiao Zhang jumped on the bus. "No" is pronounced as a tonic, and the main vowel "A" in "Gu m 4 n Gu M 4 n" is pronounced as "Mi".

9. "Be careful" means "cautious" in Mandarin and "frugal or stingy" in Henan dialect, and it is often expressed in a sarcastic tone. He is too careful to buy anything. "Zi" is pronounced Rusheng, and "Xiao" is pronounced softly.

10, kuchou is pronounced "Kuchou", which means wrinkled and uneven. Monosyllabic words with different meanings

1. Bai in Henan dialect, "Bai" is pronounced as entering tone, which means "don't, don't", but it is actually a sound change of "don't". For example, you said it in vain, and I fell asleep. Stop it. I already know.

2. "Zhe" can be used as an auxiliary word in Henan dialect. When it is pronounced as a tone, it also means the verb "know". For example, if you don't say it, I will do it. (Needless to say, I also know)

3. Mix is pronounced as a tone, which means "son" or "young man" in Henan dialect. For example, ask him if he is young. Just ask his son. When he gave birth to a baby. It means he gave birth to a son.

4. In Henan dialect, "you" means not only the demonstrative pronoun "then" (the pronunciation of "you" is the same as that of Mandarin), but also the personal pronoun "you", which is pronounced as a flat tone when used as a personal pronoun. You said it, and he believed it.

5. "Bo" (sound: Mou/Mao/Mo) is equivalent to the meaning of "no" in Mandarin. Can be used alone. The word "Tong" in Cantonese is said to have evolved from Henan dialect.

6. Your four tones refer to cows.

Disyllabic words with different meanings

1. Jiuhua 'er in Henan dialect means "Ben" in Mandarin.

2 zho said that "zho Shuo" means "keep saying" in Mandarin in Henan dialect. Zho said it, but you did it. Always say that, but you did. This is a "straight" inflection point.

3. Being tired of Henan dialect means being stingy and generous in Mandarin. He's boring!

4. Diaphragm "Diaphragm" is pronounced as entering tone and softly, which means "disgust" in Henan dialect, but it is actually the sound change of the word "Diaphragm".

5. The word "Ben" here is pronounced as rising tone, and the word "Di" is pronounced as "Dia". Entering tone, "Ben" and "Zou" all mean "Zou".

6. The main vowel of the word "black" under black is read as "rice", and "black" is read as entering tone. In Mandarin, it means "evening or evening".

Multi-syllable words with different meanings

1. Scratching the "e" in the "arm" of the old limb is pronounced as a sound, which means "armpit" in Mandarin.

Bulaogaier means "knee" in Mandarin, in which "bu" is pronounced as rising tone.

3. Squatting there means not the place but the action, which means "crouching" in Mandarin. "Evaluating the pile side" means squatting on one side.

4. Stove fire house means "kitchen" in Mandarin.

Make it clear that breakfast and lunch do not mean breakfast and lunch. Here "morning" is pronounced, "clear breakfast" means "morning" and "lunch" means "noon". He is still here after breakfast. (He was here this morning) Xuchang dialect is called Qingdao Qie, which means this time in the morning.

6. It means "it doesn't matter, it doesn't matter" in Mandarin.

Monosyllabic words with homonyms.

1.Er is the same as Mandarin Er. When it doesn't appear as a consonant, it is pronounced as ler and rising tone.

2. The second one is consistent with the second one in Mandarin. When expressing quantity, the pronunciation is ler and rising tone.

Phonetic changes of Henan dialect, especially northern Henan dialect.

For example, the Z-variant rhyme and D-variant rhyme of Huojia dialect are widely distributed throughout northern Henan and its adjacent areas (including the Yellow River, Shanxi and Hebei).

Representative research achievements in this field include "A Study of Huojia Dialect" (focusing on description), "The Relationship between Syllables and Meaning, Phonology and Lexicalization, Grammaticalization and Subjectivization: A Theoretical Study of Tone Changes in Northern Henan Dialect" (focusing on theory) and so on.