Brief introduction of longtu case-solving books

Longtu Public Security is also called Bao Public Security, and its theme comes from folklore, historical materials, the essence of Quyi or recent current affairs works. Most of the contents are cases of Bao Gong's wanton murder, bullying, robbery and fraud for money, which created an upright and upright image of an honest official and mixed with a lot of feudal ethics and moral preaching and karma thoughts. The story is vivid and tortuous, and the language is plain and mediocre. It has a certain influence on later case-solving novels.

Longtu case-solving is a collection of vernacular short case-solving novels produced in the late Ming Dynasty. The book is divided into ten volumes, including one hundred crime-solving stories. Don't write people.

There are many versions of this book. The bibliography of Tunxi Old Bookstore includes ten volumes carved in the late Ming Dynasty and one to six volumes, which is the earliest publication of this book. At present, two versions are popular: traditional and simplified; Regardless of the complicated and simplified versions, the earlier singles all have the words "Jiang Zuo Tao Yuan inscribed Wu Qiuwu as the guest father" (see Preface to Bao An). There are 10 volumes 100, which mainly include: large-character books published in the early Qing Dynasty, each of which is accompanied by Yu Zhai's notes and illustrations; The publication of "Simitang" is titled "Planting Tree Hall", with pictures, half a week 10 lines, 22 words, titled "Li Zhuowu Review", without comment; Gan Long Shen Bing (17 16) reprint, Yuyutang publication, eight volumes, Zengmeitang publication in the fifteenth year of Jiaqing (1810); Jiaqing twenty-one years (18 16), first published. There are sixty-six simplified edition systems, mainly including: Qinggan Longyixu (1775) book publishing edition, with pictures, nine lines in half a week, and two horizontal lines in the middle, with occasional comments on Yuzhai, titled "Li Zhuowu", in the same form as Simeitang edition; In the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), there are ten pictures, nine lines and two crosses in the first half of the title of "A New Comment on the Judgment of the Dragon Figure God"; Daoguang Guimao (1843) reprinted by Li Zhaolou; Daoguang Yiyou (1849) block print of Sanshetang; Guangxu Gengzi (1900) Shi Yinben, Shanghai Bookstore, changed the title of The 72 Headless Cases of Bao Gong; Jiaqing block-printed edition of Long Tu Feng Gang Case-solving Co-edited, in which Long Tu Case-solving consists of six volumes and 89 articles; 1985 Baowentang Bookstore was founded. There is not much difference in words between the traditional version and the simplified version. The simplified version is formed by deleting some stories from the traditional version, and most of the deleted stories are the last few of each volume.

Longtu Case-solving tells the magic and justice of Bao Gong's trial, which is China's first collection of short case-solving novels. Each story tells a story, and each story has nothing to do with the content between stories. The characters centered on Bao Gong run through the whole story, with a wide range of topics, but except for the skill of cutting the bull's tongue in the Biography of Bao Zheng in the Song Dynasty, the other 99 stories are others' or fiction. Some of the stories in the book come from Bao Gong's deeds circulated among the people, some from historical records, some from Hai Gong An, and some from current events in the Ming Dynasty. Longtu Public Security was published late. Before it, there were many collections reflecting Bao Gong's deeds. Someone has done special statistics. Longtu Case-solving is copied from Hundred Cases 48, Lian Ming Case-solving 22, Detailed Punishment 12, Law Discipline 3 and Xinmin Case-solving 3, with a total of 86 articles, and social problem novels 14, most of which appear in the form of case-solving. The author compares the titles with each other, and simply classifies articles with different contents and properties according to cases, which shows his ingenuity.

Bao Gong, whose name is Bao Zheng, is a real person in history. He was born in Hefei, Luzhou, Northern Song Dynasty. Judging from the existing historical data, there are many stories about Bao Gong in operas and novels, all of which are made out of nothing. However, Bao Zheng is indeed an honest official. Throughout his life, he believed that the people were masters of the country, insisted on being an official and was not mediocre, and even dared to impeach the royalty. Even for the emperor himself, his opinions are very sharp. He left the only poem in his life: "The pure heart is the foundation, and the right path is the plan." Show dry eventually becomes a building, fine steel don't make a hook. The warehouse is full of mice and birds, and the grass is full of foxes and rabbits. There is no shame in leaving a name in history. "It is understandable that people pin their imagined image of a clean, just and wise SHEN WOO on such a person.

Since the Song Dynasty, Bao Gong's story has been the focus of Chinese popular literature. The earliest recorded story about solving crimes is Song's "The Tortoise Guide to Prison Break". In the Yuan Dynasty, the images of Bao in zaju became more and more abundant, and there appeared Guan Hanqing's Three Surveys of Dream Butterfly, Bao Zhi Zhai Lang, Bao Zhihua, and Wuhan Chen's Bao Zhi Zhi Thousand Sound Golden Pavilion. During Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, Bao Gongan, a songbook, was also published. Bao Gong specializes in cracking down on royalty and bullies, protecting the country and defending the country, and vindicating the people, making the case more complicated. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, a case-solving novel appeared, that is, a new edition of The Hundred Cases of Beijing Popular Romance published in the 22nd year of Wanli (1594). Ten volumes and 100 articles of A Hundred Cases of Newly Edited Popular Romance of Beijing School, also known as Biography of Bao Gong. But the text in the book is rough, the characters are perverse and the plot is inconsistent. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the book "Dragon Map Police" came out and was very popular. This book not only inherited the fine tradition of hundreds of cases, but also created the creation of books such as "Two Records of Dragon Map" and "Three Heroes and Five Righteousnesses" in Qing Dynasty.

There are many important social problems in "Longtu Public Security", such as the trial of bullying the city, murder for money, rape and fraud, bribery, killing border residents and killing the enemy for a pretence, losing the imperial examination, losing high school and so on. It should be said that many chapters in the novel have certain value. For example, in the section "Yellow Leaves", it is written that Bao Zheng sentenced Zhao to punishment in Tokyo. Liu Dusai, the wife of an official in Xidu, was raped by Zhao Wang for her beauty. The company quartermaster sneaked into the palace and was found by Wang Zhao. He beheaded the company quartermaster. Only Zhang Gong and the division officer escaped under the gold guarantee of a five-year-old child. The two men followed Uncle Jin Bao into Kaifeng to complain. The second uncle was killed by the prince of Zhao, wrapped in yellow leaves. Bao Gong ran into it, examined the case clearly, cheated the disease, lured the prince of Zhao to Kaifeng House, and captured it. This is about Bao Zheng's fearlessness and integrity. Another "Stone Lion" is about Bao Zheng's execution of Liu Hummer. There was an old man named Cui, who was charitable and saved Liu Ying in the flood and adopted him as his adopted son. Later, mother Zhang Niangniang accidentally lost the jade seal. Elder Cui knew her whereabouts in a dream, and Liu Ying volunteered to report to Beijing on behalf of Cui Qing. Later, Liu Ying was called Xu.

Cui Qing went to find him, and Liu Ying put him in prison. Elder Cui personally went there, but Liu Ying denied it. Bao Gong was observant and arrested Liu Ying. This is also about Bao Zheng's solemnity and selflessness. And "planting" exposed the viciousness of local tyrants. In order to compete for relatives, Wu He was planted twice, angry and guilty. "Ghost Drive" is a cynical and snob. The book says that Zhang Daizhao is crazy, but he has millions of family assets. Dr. Li is perverse but pitiful. Confused, Bao Gong asked the God of Wealth, who said that rich idiots wouldn't hurt others. This is a wonderful irony of the world. Curse Talents is a criticism of the imperial examination system. Sun Che read many books, but failed many times. Wang Ping was admitted to high school because he didn't understand a word. Sun Che's ghost complained to Luo Yan that Luo Yan-Bao Gong sentenced Ding Tan, the test officer, to be short-lived, and Wang Ping was a cow in the afterlife. Jiu Kun is also a similar theme. Zhao was able to study but fell behind, while Mu Si's wife was suffocated for a long time. Yan Jun-Bao Gong personally inspected the marriage department and wrote down Lu Si's record. It turned out that he was mistaken for Yang, and told him that he changed his name to. Sure enough, he joined the family and was adopted by the king. Although these stories are not complicated, they just make people feel happy to read.

The author is also simple and lively in dealing with the structure of writing. Most of the 100 stories in the book are positive narratives. Write the case first, then solve the case and judge the case. Several of them also used interpolation and flashback, but they were not confused. For example, in the section of "woodcut", it is written that Bao Gong went to Henan for disaster relief. When I stayed in Chen, I found flies around his horse's head, and I couldn't get rid of them. He suspected that there was a grievance, so he sent someone to follow him and found the headless man's body. On-site inspection revealed that there was a small wooden print selling cloth and stamps on the waist of the deceased. Bao Zheng, take it back. In order to solve the case, he pretended to use a lot of cloth and asked the cloth dealer to bring a cloth sample to choose. From it, the cloth with the same mark as the wooden seal of the deceased was found, and Li Sandeng, the cloth dealer, was arrested. Case solved. This is to write the case first, and then write the case. Another example is "cutting the cow's tongue", which is the only thing recorded in history books. It is said that the tongue of a cow in Liu Quanyou was cut off. Liu Quan complained to Bao Gong. Bao Gong told him to kill the cow and sell the beef when he got back. He also posted that there will be many rewards as long as there is the first person to report the killing of cattle without permission. Liu Quan's neighbor Bu Anxian sued Liu Quan. Bao Gong asked him why he cut off the bull's tongue and complained. It turns out that Buan bears a grudge against Liu Quanyou, so he cut off the cow's tongue and tried to frame him. Although this story is superb, it makes sense to think about it carefully.

People often say that Bao Zheng is an "arrow pile character" and a "snowball character", and snowballs have been rolling since the Song Dynasty. Rolling around, the image of a judge with unlimited authority and wisdom is produced. Bao Gong is not only wise and insightful, but also very compassionate and human. This is another soft light on Bao Gong's black face. For example, "Two Families Wish to Marry" said that Lin, the son of a millionaire, and Qian Niangzi, the daughter of Zhang, meant to marry. After the Lin family's downfall, the Zhang family wanted to break off their marriage, but Qian Niangzi refused. She made an appointment in the evening to give him gold and silver to report. Pei Zan, the butcher, heard it. He went into the garden first, killed Xiangmei, the maid, and took the gold. I was sent to prison for this. Bao Gong ordered the prostitute to dress up as a maid and go to Peizan to kill her. Pezan admits. To win, Bao Gong married his daughter. Bao Gong always stands on the side of young men and women in love, sympathizing with them, understanding them and even sheltering them. This makes Bao Gong not only strong and straightforward, but also gentle and lovely.

Longtu case-solving is vividly written, but the theme of the full text is jumbled and the language is dull. Lu Xun said in "A Brief History of China's Novels" that it was "very clumsy in meaning and concealed the actions of people who only knew words". Nevertheless, the story of this book is still widely circulated among the people, especially in the field of traditional Chinese opera. According to the statistics of Zheng Zhenduo's Selected Works of China Opera, there are 14 kinds of stories from Long Tu Gong An in Beijing Opera alone. It can be seen that Bao's story is deeply rooted in people's hearts. When people resent corrupt officials, they place their hopes on such a person and always dream that someone will avenge them. In the Qing Dynasty, Yu Yue's "Three Chapters of Tea Fragrance Room" once pointed out something that did not belong: Zheng Ming's "Two Hearts" said: Zhou Zuoren was the king. When I want to travel, I suddenly blame the wind, blow off the cover and roll off the wings of the gauze cap. The cover character pleaded guilty and said, "The villain took risks because of Zhang Qingfeng." Zhou Shensi, a long-term competent arresting officer, arrested Zhang Qingfeng. The two men discussed it: "Catch the wind and catch the shadows. Is there such a truth? " Naixiang went to a restaurant. There is a disease being talked about upstairs, and the doctor is ineffective. One person said, "If Zhang Qingfeng is invited, there must be a physiological reason." The second policeman went to his house because he asked Zhang Qingfeng. Value bird, arrest his wife to the county. Weekly newsletter. The woman said, "Qu Ben is not my husband. My husband was ill, so I sent him to the canal for treatment. When he saw my beauty in the canal, he poisoned my husband and died, so he wanted to marry him again. As soon as I tell the truth after drinking, I want to die. I was born here because I don't want revenge. I felt wronged when I met the rooftop today. However, if the canal is extended by a family, it will be detained. " Before Zhou Ming died, he was sent to the detention center. According to: Novelists nowadays are all performing filial piety, and they have to take off their hats. I don't know why.

Longtu Public Security was banned in Tongzhi seven years (1868). Ding Richang, the governor of Jiangsu Province, banned erotic novels, and listed "Dragon Map Case-solving" as the first one, which was tied with "Hua Bao Jian" published by Daoguang at the end of the year. Probably because it says "rape, theft and fraud". In fact, there are few neutral descriptions in "Longtu Public Security" and there is no exaggeration of the case. Most of the books listed in the same bibliography are history of flattery, history of eroticism and history of waves, such as interesting history of Zhaoyang and history of flattery of concubines. This is actually very inappropriate. But at that time, the Qing government was particularly sensitive and was looking for reasons for such a "war catastrophe" as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Therefore, it is inevitable that "Long Tu Gong An" will encounter this disaster.