Folk culture in Fengcheng rural area on the west bank of Yaojiang River

Fengcheng advocated Confucianism and studied Confucian classics since ancient times; Hold on to one's occupation, cultivate and weave diligently; Frugality and emphasis on Qingpu; It is a social fashion to be cautious about the name and to preserve our health. Oppose witchcraft, famine, seeking ghosts and gods, litigation, sudden burial, birthday celebrations, drowning women, abandoning babies and other lewd habits that harm and poison people's hearts. This idea of advocating changing customs and establishing correct moral values and new fashions is still inherited and carried forward by Fengyi people. The bad habits of a few people in a few places, such as witchcraft, worship of ghosts and gods and abandonment of baby girls, are being replaced by breaking superstition, advocating science, carrying out moral education and building socialist spiritual civilization. % I9 ]* | T！ H# A# N

Today, Feng Yi's social customs are still passed down and slightly changed. For example, in the old society, when a man and a woman are engaged, they must get married first, that is, when the man asks the woman for the date of birth. It's called "Year Eight Characters". If the two characters are combined, the matchmaker entrusts the woman to do the bride price. Then, men and women meet to talk about marriage. This form of marriage still exists in a few families in society, and most young men and women can freely fall in love and get married. When a woman gets married, the bride wears a (new) wedding dress and red gauze (cloth), and her brother carries (holds) a sedan chair (horse) or sedan chair. On the way to the wedding, the bride is not allowed to look back at her mother's house, so that when she arrives at her husband's house, she will never change her opinion of her husband. This custom is still popular among people. Another example is the Spring Festival. Generally speaking, the householders and adults don't sleep after the reunion dinner on New Year's Eve. Everyone gathered around the brazier, drinking tea and eating melon seeds, summing up the gains and losses of the past year and planning the production and life in the coming year. This is the custom of sitting until dawn. Opening the door in the early morning of the first day of the first month is called "making money", and every household is extremely cautious about it. In the early morning of the first day, the householder washed his face, put on clothes, offered offerings to his ancestors, lit incense sticks and burned paper money, then opened the door amid firecrackers and chanted "Congratulations on getting rich". After opening the door, some villagers went out to burn incense in the direction of Italy and respect the sky. It's called. Go back to the house to worship the ancestors and pray that the ancestors will bless the whole family to make money. Today, the custom of "going abroad" to worship heaven and earth has been abolished, and the custom of opening a financial door on the first day of the first year has been enduring. u- j7 Y/ M* E2 l w- M4 L0 o' d* n

Birthday, a time-honored etiquette custom, has the wishes of 50, 60, 70, 90 and 100 years old, all of which are birthdays once a year, so it is called "do nine but don't do ten", which means everlasting. Send invitations to friends and relatives before the birthday party. At that time, everyone will prepare gifts to wish their birthdays, and the son-in-law will be the protagonist. Gifts will be exquisite and rich in meaning, such as the homonym of "cake" and "high" in birthday cake, which means high respect, high happiness and long life; The word "peach" and the word "peach" of Shoutao are harmonious, which means that Tao Tao is happy; The word "face" and "destiny" in longevity noodles are harmonious, indicating longevity. The layout of Shoutang is also exquisite. The hall is decorated with lanterns and colorful decorations, and hand-woven, hand-linked and hand-painted are hung around the hall. It has birthday words written on it, such as "Happiness is like the East China Sea; Life is longer than Nanshan ","flowers bloom in the same spring, turtles and cranes get old "and so on. Praise Weng's mother's longevity and her eternal beauty. Some also follow the old habits, hold birthday worship ceremonies, pay homage in turn according to the size of the word generation, and praise the merits, achievements and contributions of the elderly. Eating more noodles on the birthday table is intended to prolong life. As for why 80-year-old doesn't celebrate his birthday, it is said that 80-year-old is one of the great disasters in life, which should not be publicized and can only be quietly passed. Marriage custom In feudal society, young men and women must get engaged in advance, which is an ancient engagement procedure and a traditional folk custom. When a man comes of age, he must ask a matchmaker (mostly a married woman) to propose to her in advance and get a "eight-character", which is called the date of birth. Once the other person is interested, he will write it on red paper. If the woman approves, she will send a boxer post, and the content of the boxer post is the so-called "eight characters"; After the man got this paste, he asked the fortune-teller to calculate whether men and women were "born together" or "overcome each other" according to the theory of five elements of yin and yang. If the "eight characters" are closed, the man will put the written eight-character red stickers on both sides in front of the ancestral shrine. Within three days, if nothing breaks down at home during the day, there is nothing unusual at night, and there is no quarrel at home, it means that love is like oxygen, otherwise forget it. Once the eight characters match, the man will once again entrust the original matchmaker to the woman's house for formal negotiation and give gifts, and both men and women will exchange tokens with each other before concluding the engagement. Crying marriage between mother and daughter, that is, the process of crying marriage when the woman gets married, is a traditional folk marriage custom in Fengcheng. There are many forms of crying marriage, such as one person crying, sisters crying, brothers and sisters crying together, parents crying with relatives and friends, crying in a low voice, crying loudly and so on. The content of crying is generally to tell the parting feelings of parents, brothers and sisters, brothers and sisters and other relatives who have lived together for more than ten or twenty years. The daughter cried and begged her parents to thank her for raising her. Mother should say something like "Mother is in the east, daughter is in the west, no more than daughters" and "Be careful in everything and pay attention when going up and down the stairs". Some cry for help and care from their brothers and sisters, some cry to their brothers and sisters who have been friends for many years, and some tell them to listen to their parents and elders in the future; Mothers will also cry to their daughters: "When a daughter arrives at her parents-in-law's house, she should obey the rules, manage the house diligently, teach her parents-in-law, unite with her sister-in-law, be considerate of her husband and live in harmony with her husband" and other ethical words. On the wedding day, the bride wore a wedding dress with two flowers on her head. When I get to my in-laws' house, I will put one on my mother-in-law's head to show that the relationship between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law will be harmonious in the future. Before leaving, kneel down to your elders and put on red gauze, which is called "poncho gauze". My brother carries a sedan chair horse or sedan chair. New Year's Day custom, Lunar New Year's Day is called Spring Festival, which is the first time to open the door. The opening time of New Year's Day is marked on the calendar on the day of Spring Festival. It is said that this is the key to family forgiveness for one year, and people are extremely cautious about it. Regardless of the rich or the poor, people should stick up door gods, New Year pictures, Spring Festival couplets, and hang signs. Dress up the house in advance to welcome the new year. At the same time, prepare offerings commonly known as "Fupan" and incense sticks and firecrackers. During the period from midnight to the early morning of the first day of the first month, lay people must first change their clothes and take good care of their children, and then piously place offerings in front of the ancestral tablets, burn incense and paper money, set off firecrackers, and open the door wide in the firecrackers. Then, he led his male relatives and carried incense sticks to the threshing floor in front of the village. According to the direction of Italy indicated in the almanac, he will be respectful. Tomb-Sweeping Day's "hanging green" and "hanging green" are important customs in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Various clans or clan friends in Fengcheng have always had "Tomb-Sweeping Day", including real estate, fields, forests and shops. And their income is mainly used to sweep graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day. At that time, Tomb-Sweeping Day will have to prepare sacrifices, that is, chicken, meat, fish and so on. , called "Fupan"; Prepare incense, candles, paper, firecrackers and paper flags, gather male members of the family to the ancestral grave, arrange sacrifices, light candles, burn incense, shovel dirt and cultivate the grave, and insert triangular white flags or long white flags in front of the grave; Then burn money to turn paper into paper, set off firecrackers, bow down devoutly, remember the kindness of ancestors, and silently complain about their willingness to repay. At this time, the elders will generally tell the younger generation not to forget the burial place of their ancestors, saying that they should cherish the morality and grace of the deceased in their lives and never forget it. Dragon Boat Festival is inserted into Puai Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanyang Festival and Chongwu Festival, that is, the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, which is named because it coincides with Duanyang. It began in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and is said to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. On that day, every household in Fengcheng urban and rural areas planted new wormwood and hung calamus. Legend has it that Ai is the flag, so it is also called "Ai Qi"; It is also called "Pu Jian" or "Long Sword" because Ai Zhi is a knife and Pu is a sword, to show that body demons can dispel evil souls and ensure peace. He also said that mugwort leaves are spicy, because the Japanese picked mugwort leaves and stuck them at the door to remove poisonous gas. On the Dragon Boat Festival, there are customs such as eating zongzi, bread, boiled eggs, boiled garlic, drinking realgar wine to remove the five poisons, hanging dragon boats and racing dragon boats. Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as "Mid-Autumn Festival" and "Reunion Festival", is exactly half of Sanqiu on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, hence the name "Mid-Autumn Festival". It is also called Lantern Festival and Dragon Boat Festival as three traditional festivals. On this day, people in Fengcheng have the custom of offering sacrifices to the moon, Yue Bai, enjoying the moon and eating moon cakes. The so-called sacrifice to the moon is another form of ancestor worship. On the occasion of the full moon in the evening, every family puts on a few cases, puts on moon cakes and melons, and puts them in front of the hall. When the moon rises and the clear light enters the portal, they burn incense to Yue Bai, so that their families can be safe outside and reunited at an early date. Moon-watching activities, that is, when the moon rises to the east, families gather in the courtyard and balcony to place moon cakes, grapefruit, some taro, peanuts and so on. Watching the moon and talking about music all night, some children play all night. It is a traditional folk custom to sacrifice ancestors on the solstice in winter. Ancestor worship is also called "winter worship" and "winter worship". There are two forms, one is outdoor memorial service and the other is indoor memorial service. Outdoor memorial service refers to holding a memorial service at the grave of grandfather or father. The process includes: first, adding soil to the grave, commonly known as "adding soil". According to legend, it is to strengthen the house of the deceased so that it will not be damaged by freezing. In fact, it is to prevent the influence of rain. There is a custom that "soil can only be added in winter to the sun, and soil is not allowed to be added to the grave on other days"; There is also a saying that "it can only be a tombstone in the sun, not a tombstone erected on another day." "After adding soil to erect a monument, some paper money was pressed on the top of the tomb, and some even inserted three sticks of incense, set up trays with the tomb, lit candles, burned incense, burned paper and set off firecrackers, silently paid homage to the ancestors and remembered their merits. Indoor memorial service is mainly organized by the heads of families. Since the night before the winter solstice, incense tables and offerings have been arranged in the ancestral hall in advance. At about eleven o'clock in the evening, the patriarch made sacrifices and led the whole family of men to worship in order of seniority and status. When offering sacrifices to ancestors, there should be three sacrifices (pigs, sheep and chickens), and three sacrifices should be made, and the ancestor worship text should be read. Patriarch, gentry or new champion, juren, Jinshi, etc. Share the main sacrifice, share the offering, accompany the sacrifice, etc. All people over 60 should take part. Other customs: Plum Candle Bench Dragon Fengcheng is bounded by Ganjiang River, which naturally forms the geographical "Hedong" and "Hexi". Popular folk activities in Hexi area mainly include "social fire" and dragon lantern. Among them, the plum candle in Qingxi village of the imperial city is the most famous. The origin of plum candle (Wolong) in Qingxi village of the imperial city is a legend. In Li Shimin in the Tang Dynasty, a "dragon dew god" was given a shower to save the land that had been dry for a long time, but was beheaded by heaven. In order to commemorate "Lulong", people weave lanterns with bamboo and dance in long queues. Afraid of Tianwei, many villages later dared not "dance against the wind". Since Li in Qingxi is descended from the royal family, this traditional folk custom has lasted for thousands of years and gradually formed a spectacular "plum bamboo". Qingxi Meizhu is held on the 13th night of the first month every year. People are ready early on this day. Every household lights candles, and the gongs and drums specially responsible for delivering letters inform the blackboard of the time from door to door in the village. According to the custom, each family gives a tripod, a tripod and a board with three bamboo lanterns fixed on it and red candles lit inside. The bench has a board and no feet, and there are holes in the front and back. The Y-shaped tree fork is inserted into the front hole so as to be inserted into the rear hole of the front bench and connected with the front bench. Each family should be inserted first according to the age order, and each room should be connected into a long queue according to the size. After the lantern was lit, the bench dragon gathered at the entrance of the ancestral hall, waiting for the ancestor to lead four spherical lanterns to the "Niuwang Temple" to invite the dragon head, and then connect with the dragon body. Suddenly, the whole dragon body seems to be activated, eager to try its vigorous posture. Starting from Youlong, we should follow a fixed route and walk around the village three times. Once, a bench dragon with 300 boards 1000 lights nearly a mile long roared freely in the deafening firecrackers and fireworks like a beating note. People are also possessed, old and young, running with dragons, full of flames, full of people, huge and spectacular. In front of every household, every family naturally lights candles, firecrackers are ringing, and laughter is heard. Finally, the dragon stretched into a long dragon and reached the farm outside the village. As the patriarch gave the order, the long dragon instantly turned into thousands of small pieces, and people from all families rushed home desperately, saying that whoever got home first would be blessed. Plum blossom candles also ended successfully in this climax. Pray for the new year to be a social fire, that is, "temple fair", commonly known as "story meeting" It is the largest sacrifice activity in Fengyi with a long history in urban and rural areas. Hedong area used to be called "temple fair", while Hexi area was called "social fire meeting" and "story meeting". The social fires in Hexi area are mostly in August, September and 10 after beginning of autumn. At this time, farming is becoming more and more idle, and Yang happens to be. Near and far markets, towns and villages began to compete for social fires. As soon as the social day arrives, the towns and villages set up stages one after another, and the "Peking Opera Class" invited from provinces and cities and the local "Flower Drum Class" took turns to perform. There are also acrobatics and other art groups coming here from other places, and they will also perform stunts. Dragon dances, lion dances, lanterns, colorful lotus boats, "immortal bodhisattvas", "folding stage" and "story meetings" are constantly emerging in various villages. The procession of immortals stretches for miles, and golden drums and firecrackers are ringing. It's really "boasting and fighting", and the audience is very busy, jostling with each other and competing for beauty. 2. Traditional Culture Program 1, Plum Candle in Fengbei City (Intangible Cultural Heritage of Yichun City) 2. Yuejiashi in Fengcheng (Jiangxi intangible cultural heritage, Yichun intangible cultural heritage) 3. Fengcheng Shehuo (Yichun Intangible Cultural Heritage) 4. Fengcheng Flower Bell and Drum (Yichun Intangible Cultural Heritage) 5. Production technology of quick-frozen rice candy in Fengcheng, an intangible cultural heritage of Yichun City