Bian Que was a famous doctor in the period of the Yellow Emperor in ancient times.

When it comes to imperial doctors at home and abroad, we first think of Bian Que, Hua Tuo and so on. Speaking of Bian Que, a doctor in the period of the Yellow Emperor in ancient times, he practiced medicine everywhere and saved lives. People respected him very much, and there are still legends about him until today. There are many stories about Bian Que's life, which one is more correct? Which era does Bian Que belong to? The following will be unveiled for you.

Brief introduction of Bian Que, a famous doctor in Huangdi period.

Bian Que was a doctor in the era of the ancient Yellow Emperor. He practices medicine everywhere and saves lives. People respect him very much. Because he is enthusiastic about treating people, wherever he goes, he relieves people's pain and brings happiness and happiness, so people compare this doctor to a magpie who will bring good news to people. Later, the ancients called those doctors with superb medical skills and noble medical ethics "Bian Que".

"Jiyun" records: "There were Bian Que or ostriches in ancient times." "Guang Yun" contains: "Storks ... take the meaning of magpies flying storks". -that is, what Ji Yun called "birds fly lightly". The feature of "bird body and bird face" comes from the fact that people in primitive tribes regard birds as totems. The coastal areas of Shandong were called "birds and barbarians" in ancient times. In ancient mythology, many gods in this area have the characteristics of human face and bird body.

Among the stone carvings of the Han Dynasty unearthed in Shandong Province, there is an image of ancient Bian Que, a face with a crown on its head and a bird standing upright with a long tail. Bian Que on the Han Dynasty stone reliefs was the drug god in the era of the Yellow Emperor, and he was related to the creation and invention of acupuncture. People described Bian Que as the first bird.

It not only reflects the worship consciousness of primitive bird totem, but also shows that Bian Que is a god in people's minds.

The mystery of Bian Que's life experience

(407 BC-365438 BC+00 BC), Han nationality, Ji surname, Qin family, Yue people (), also known as Dr. Lu, was born in Bohai during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Because of his superb medical skills, he was honored as an imperial doctor, so people at that time used the name of "Bian Que", the imperial doctor of the Yellow Emperor in ancient mythology, to call him. When I was young, I studied medicine in Chang Sangjun, and I passed on my medical skills. I was good in all subjects. Zhao is regarded as gynecology, Zhou as ENT, and pediatrics is famous all over the world. Li Yi, the doctor of Qin Dynasty, had better be assassinated than jealous of it. Bian Que founded the pulse diagnosis method of traditional Chinese medicine, which was the first of its kind in traditional Chinese medicine. According to legend, the famous classic of Chinese medicine "Difficult Classics" was written by Bian Que. According to the records of Boye County in Hebei Province, its tomb was in Boye Road Village and was destroyed during the Great Leap Forward.

According to historical records, he was a doctor in Bohai County, while Dr. Lu meant that he was born in Shandong. It can be seen that "Bian Que" is a general term for people with superb medical skills in ancient times. Qin Yueren is also called "Bian Que". According to the legend of the ancients, doctors cure diseases and save lives, and they bring health and happiness wherever they go, just like magpies bring good news. Therefore, the ancients called those doctors with superb medical skills and noble medical ethics "Bian Que". The doctor's name is Lu, and he was born in Shandong. He has excellent medical skills and profound knowledge. He traveled all over the country to save lives, so it is logical to be addressed as "Bian Que".

Bian Que is the founder of traditional medicine in China. The whole world respects him and thinks he is an excellent doctor. From Sima Qian's Historical Records and some ancient books in the pre-Qin period, we can see that Bian Que's life is both true and legendary. Bian Que created the diagnostic methods of looking, hearing, asking and feeling, which laid the foundation for clinical diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. Bian Que lived in an era of rapid development of productive forces, drastic social changes and turbulence. It is also an era in which talents flow and emerge in large numbers. The competition mechanism in various countries has formed a social fashion of respecting talents and recruiting wise men. In order to enhance their strength, all countries are collecting useful materials. Qin was located in the west of the country and was received by the governors of the Central Plains. In order to change this situation, several princes in Qin attached great importance to attracting talents from eastern countries. In order to recruit talents, Qin adopted the method of collecting talents, creating a place for all kinds of talents to display their talents. In addition to attaching importance to the talents who govern the country, Qin also respects doctors. "Zhuangzi Lieyukou" contains: "The king of Qin is ill, so he needs medical treatment. Those who spend money and get sick get on the bus, and after the cure, they get more and more. " Give doctors generous treatment, and all the famous doctors in the world have been to Qin. It was in this situation that Bian Que became a native of A Qin.

Bian Que is good at internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, five sense organs and other disciplines, using acupuncture, moxibustion, frying, scalding and other methods to treat diseases, and is known as the originator of medicine. Legend has it that he once saved Prince Guo. After Bian Que's death, Prince Guo thanked him for his reconstruction and buried his bones. The tomb is located in the east of Tsinghua Town, yongji city. When Bian Que was young, he was open-minded and eager to learn, and studied his medical skills assiduously. He applied his accumulated medical experience to ordinary people, traveled around the world, practiced medicine everywhere, and relieved people's suffering. Bian Que is the founder of traditional medicine and TCM theory in China.

Because Bian Que has traveled around the world all his life and visited many places, there are some disputes about the birthplace of Bian Que. There are ancient records of Mo people in Bohai Sea (now Renqiu, Hebei Province). Bian Que saw Cai Huangong and wrote about the Mo people in the Bohai Sea. Zhang Shoujie's Historical Records of Justice of the Tang Dynasty quoted the Yellow Emperor eighty-one. It is hard to say: "(Qin Yueren) was born in Lu, and he was called a doctor in Lu because of his life." Lu, in today's Shandong Changqing. "Bohai County" is in the south-central and northwest of Shandong Province. "Zheng" is in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. A lifetime of creation: a difficult classic.

If you look at the historical records, you will find that Bian Que has three names: one is Bian Que. Literally, Bian Que refers to a bird and a magpie. The word "ping" is pronounced bi m ? n; When reading Pian, scholars and students in Qing Dynasty once said that the apartment "takes the meaning of magpies flying in Historical Records", that is, magpies fly freely. Second, Qin Yueren. "Historical Records" said: "Bian Que, Zheng Renye of Bohai County, surnamed Qin, is a Vietnamese." The third is Dr. Lu. According to historical records, "home is in Lu", also known as Doctor Lu. Through the analysis of these three names, we can find that Bian Que was a doctor in the period of the ancient Yellow Emperor. He practiced medicine everywhere, saving lives, and people respected him very much. People compare this doctor to a doctor because he is enthusiastic about treating people and relieving their suffering wherever he goes.

Magpies bring good news. This shows that Bian Que is a legend.

In the Han Dynasty stone carvings unearthed in Shandong, there used to be the image of Bian Que. He has a face with a crown on his head, and a bird stands upright with a long tail. People describe Bian Que as the first bird, which not only reflects the worship consciousness of primitive bird totem, but also shows that Bian Que is a god in people's minds.

It should be said that Qin Yueren is a real person. According to historical records, he was a doctor of Zheng in Bohai County. Dr. Lu means that he was born in Lu.

It can be said that Bian Que turned out to be a legend with superb medical skills. Qin Yueren practiced medicine everywhere and was respected by people, so he was also called Bian Que. (fortune telling)

What era did Bian Que come from?

In the historical materials about Bian Que, it takes a long time to record Bian Que's activities. For example, Bian Que first treated Cai Huanhou in 695 BC; The time to treat Prince Guo was about 655 BC. About 385-357 BC, he treated the Duke of Huan. According to the Warring States policy, Bian Que saw Qin Wugong in about 309 BC, which was the last patient he saw.

In this way, Bian Que's activity time range is more than 300 years, and people can't live such a big age. Therefore, it is difficult to determine which era Bian Que belongs to.

In my opinion, Qin Yueren, as a folk popular doctor, has been endowed with many myths, so some activities are not all his personal actions, but are attached by future generations, and may even be arrogant. So, which era did Bian Que come from?

There are three ways to define the approximate age of Bian Que's life:

First, according to the List of Ancient and Modern Characters in Hanshu. Ban Gu listed 14,500 people from ancient times to Qin Dynasty in the Table of Ancient and Modern People, and arranged Bian Que, Zhao Jianzi and Gou Jian, the King of Yue, at the same time according to their personalities. Zhao Jianzi is Zhao Yang (? -458 BC) At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Jin was in the Qing Dynasty. Gou Jian (? -456 BC) King of Yue. Therefore, Bian Que should come from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Second, choose the most credible story from Bian Que's medical practice, and define the specific time of Bian Que's activities. Many people think that it is more credible for him to go to Qin to see Qin Wuwang, because he was killed in Qin. Therefore, it is appropriate to set the date of birth and death of Bian Que from 407 BC to 3 10 BC.

Thirdly, if it is difficult to accurately research the activity time of Bian Que, it can be said that Bian Que was from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (or the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period). There are many true stories and fables about Bian Que's diagnosis, some of which are credible, others are not, so there is no need to be too serious.

Major achievements

Bian Que applied the comprehensive diagnostic technology of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis of diseases, that is, four diagnostic methods summarized by Chinese medicine later: visiting the doctor (looking at the face, etc. ), sniffing (hearing what the patient has done recently makes him sick), asking (asking if he has done anything that can cause disease) and pulse diagnosis (seeing his pulse). At that time, Bian Que told them to look at the color, listen to the sound, write the shadow and feel the pulse. These diagnostic techniques are fully embodied in some of his medical records recorded in historical books. He is good at looking at the color, judging the disease and its course evolution and prognosis by looking at the color. For example, when he visited Cai Huanhou, he judged that Huan Hou was ill, but his illness was still superficial, and the location of the disease was only superficial. He suggested that Cai Huanhou receive treatment, otherwise, his condition would get worse. Huan Hou refused treatment because he felt good about himself. Soon, when Bian Que met with Huan Hou again, he pointed out that his condition had deteriorated and the disease had developed into his vein, and persuaded him to receive treatment again to avoid further development of his condition. Huan Hou still refused treatment and was very unhappy, thinking that Bian Que was showing off and making money. When Bian Que saw him for the third time, he thought that his condition had worsened and the disease had entered the stomach. If he is not treated in time, it will be difficult to treat in the end. Huan Hou still ignored it. For the last time, Bian Que judged that Huan Hou was in critical condition and had gone deep into the bone marrow. He is terminally ill and cannot be treated. As expected, Qi Huanhou soon became ill and finally died. This case shows that Bian Que was able to make good use of the interview at that time, and the diagnosis level was quite high.