Looking at history through the crack of the door: how did Cixi spoil Li and die?

I read the official history and like unofficial history.

Reading the history of the late Qing Dynasty, we can see the shadow of the great eunuch Li. He acted according to the situation, with a humble position and disdain for official history. On the contrary, unofficial history's anecdotes are varied. Li himself, there is more mystery.

There are only three anecdotes about Li and Mo Xiang in unofficial history. One is life experience, the other is wit, and the third is death.

Let's start with the origin. It is generally believed that Li Sheng is located in Jia Cun, Zhili Hejian (now Dacheng County, Langfang City, Hebei Province).

1848 (twenty-eight years of Qing Daoguang). Li, formerly known as Li Yingtai, is an ordinary farmer. According to Li's epitaph and the records of the Qing palace, he worked as a eunuch in Duanhua and then entered the palace from Duanhua. His first name was Li Jinxi, and later he was renamed Li because he was afraid of the name of Empress Dowager Cixi. It is said that the name Li was personally given by Empress Dowager Cixi in the summer of the first year of Tongzhi. Afterwards, Empress Dowager Cixi explained that "Lotus" is a lotus, "English" is a petal, and she is a Galeries Lafayette and a living Buddha. Of course, she has to sit in the lotus.

Its meaning seems to be hoping that Li will serve her all her life.

It is a fact that Li entered the palace as a eunuch since childhood. This, its epitaph has a sentence. Of course, epitaphs are just good words and taboos. It is said that when Li entered the palace in his early years, he also listened to the fortune teller and said, "Don't enter the imperial gate with an empty door." However, unofficial history's account is different. "The General History of Manchu Dynasty" said: "Li was also a member of any government in Zhili. This rogue, who will go to jail for selling whistle sulfur privately, will take off his post to mend his shoes in the future, which is what people call skin cream plums. Villager Shen Yulan, be an internal reference first. Knowing that Nora wanted to comb a new bun, but she couldn't get that person, he went to Lian Win to visit Yulan, and Yulan asked him to imitate the method of the new bun and try to figure it out and succeed. Yulan was recommended to Nora. It is the beginning of winning attendance in a row. " In addition, the slave biography is more detailed. Hejian this place, is a famous eunuch origin, Li Jin Palace, was introduced by a fellow named Shen Yulan. At that time, Empress Dowager Cixi heard that a new comb method of bun was popular in Beijing, and no one in the palace knew it. Li Congyu heard about it, so he "went to a brothel to study" and "deliberately imitated it and finished it in a few days".

",and then ask yulan for help," yulan recommended ". As a result, he became the comb eunuch of Empress Dowager Cixi, and was favored from then on.

These records are widely circulated and widely questioned. One of the questions is that Li is far from the age of entering the palace. Before he entered the palace, how could he be imprisoned for selling nitrate and sulfur at an early age, and how could he be a cobbler? However, unofficial history's things are generally from sources, not groundless. In my judgment, the reasonable explanation should be like this. First of all, Li is not a shoemaker, but his father. At that time, Hejianfu's handicraft industry was developed, and his family may be a semi-agricultural and semi-manual family. "mirabilite plum

"Address, refers to its family composition, which is understandable. When I was in primary school, there was a classmate in our class. We call him the shoemaker.

"Because his father repairs shoes. Secondly, it is Li's technique of learning new places after entering the palace. There is a saying in unofficial history, which I noticed: "Yulan happened to talk about it in the room. "

"。 If you are in a room, there will be a public rest place in the prison. If Li is a rogue, why did he come to the heavily guarded palace? Obviously impossible. The only possibility is that Li heard about it in the palace, sneaked out of the palace (which is possible) and learned the technique of combing his hair. It is no wonder that some ministers impeached Li in the future, and even called Li for the sake of the official throne.

"Little Plum" Is this an accident? Besides, smooth. Li You comb room gold as a manager, "rightness rightness.

",after decades of failure, this is also a reason. In unofficial history, there are many clever and tactful sayings about winning in a row. For example, the secret record of the temple says, "winning in a row is alert and can predict the future." "

"I can guess what the queen mother wants, so" pay attention to Chuang as soon as possible.

"。 At the end of Xianfeng, Li fought with Empress Dowager Cixi and Prince Gong in his early years. Send messages between. This point, unofficial history also has a saying, showing its alertness. After Xianfeng's death, Empress Dowager Cixi also sent Li Congcheng to Beijing, taking the opportunity to splash swill. Accept a message, form a political alliance, launch a coup and overthrow the leader of Li Shun.

"Eight Ministers of Gu Ming". This story was told vividly by Mr. Ji Lianhai in CCTV's Lecture Room.

Unofficial history also talked about how Li juggled between Cixi and Guangxu, courting both sides and being meticulous. For example, The Legacy of Dezong recorded one thing, saying that Cixi led the officials of Guangxu and Wu Wen to flee, and then returned to Beijing to stay in Baoding. Empress Dowager Cixi's official residence is elaborately decorated, "for Zhou Bei.

"Our room is Li's second room", which is also good. Emperor Guangxu lived in a miserable place. "The emperor's bedroom is extremely cold.

"。 Empress Li Jianshi was asleep, and she didn't forget to look at the emperor who lost power and influence. "Go to the emperor's bedroom. "

",see guangxu sitting in front of the lamp, little eunuch nobody on duty, ask just know guangxu emperor did not even cover the bedclothes, it was the middle of winter, simply can't sleep. Li immediately knelt down, holding Guangxu's leg and crying: "The minions deserve to die. "

"。 Then he brought his bedding to Guangxu for use. "When I go back to Beijing, I often miss the pain of traveling to the west." I often say, "Without Ang Lee's intention,

), you won't live today. "This one thing shows that lee still has a brain. Although he won the trust of the queen mother, he knew that "the emperor will always be the emperor" in case of "returning the emperor" in the future.

",he can also give yourself a posterior approach. Unofficial history also mentioned that Li's non-participation in politics is also the basic principle for his family to survive. After all, his position is extremely humble and he can't stand the political turmoil. For example, he deliberately maintained his estrangement from Yuan Shikai. Therefore, although Li.

"One man holds his head high to cover the morning sun", and he has made countless money and offended countless people, but he can be an official with four grades. Empress Dowager Cixi "hanged for fifty years and treated her kindly". The reason is "determined by vigilance".

As for the cause of Li's death, the unofficial history records vaguely, and there are two theories: "death from illness" and "year of death". 1908

In June 5438+10, Empress Dowager Cixi passed away. According to "Li Jiapu", "One hundred days of filial piety, leaving the palace to support the elderly.

",Li moved into the home of Mianhua Hutong in Beijing, and spent all day chanting and locking it up. Three years later, Li died of illness. According to Li's descendants, Li died of illness, the cause of death was dysentery, and he died three or four days after getting sick. However, there is one in the archives and epitaphs of Qing history

The word "death" is ambiguous. It was not until recent decades that a major case was solved.

The cause of the incident was the early summer of 1966, before Beijing.

"Children's Day

"Zhao Guangzhi and other teachers in the school, under the supervision of the revolutionary rebels, dug up the original eunuch cemetery in Enjizhuang of the Qing Dynasty (the eunuch cemetery in Enjizhuang was named Yongzheng, and the emperor had allocated 22,000 yuan to build it. It is said that eunuchs are buried in the cemetery.

More than 2700 people) in Li's tomb. Surprisingly, there was only one skull in Li's coffin, but no bones were found. Where is Li's torso? Why was he beheaded? About this past, CCTV's "Exploration and Discovery" program has two episodes, which have been described.

Not mentioned here. In a word, Li, who has only a skull and no body, can't have died of illness. The only reason is that he may have died of "homicide"

"。 In folklore, many of them were killed by Li. 1985 scholar Ms. tong Xun published the mystery of Li's death, 1990 researcher Yan Yimin of Beijing institute of literature and history published the mystery of Li's beheading in vertical and horizontal magazine, which triggered academic debate.

There are three theories about why Li was killed.

One was killed by a revolutionary. Because he supported Empress Dowager Cixi and attacked the imperial party in the struggle between Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu, some people even thought that he poisoned Emperor Guangxu. However, some scholars objected that Li did not participate in the party struggle in the imperial court and could not offend the revolutionaries. The point is, when he died, he was already out of the palace.

Three years has no influence on politics, and there is no point in killing him.

Second, he was killed by Jiang Chaozong and Zhang De. This statement is mainly the view of Mr. Yan Yimin. He even quoted the "details" provided by Jiang Chaozong's son in his article.

"Jiang Chaozong said that at that time, nine local governors invited Li to dinner, and then sent someone to kill him in Beijing's Houhai. Those who support this view think that Jiang Chaozong is 1.

Yuan Shikai's confidant, Xiao is Li's successor. Two men killed Li for different purposes. Li once offended Yuan Shikai, which is a fact, so Yuan Keneng will instruct his cronies to start; On the other hand, Xiao Zhang De killed people for his inheritance. However, some people immediately opposed this statement.

Some scholars say that Jiang Chaozong Xuan Tong was in charge of Hanzhong in Shaanxi for two years (19 10) until.

19 12 years (in the second year of the Republic of China), he returned to Beijing and served as the Beijing garrison commander of Beiyang government. Jiang Chaozong is thousands of miles away, not in the so-called "Nine Magistrates".

"Ren, how is it possible to invite Li He to dinner and then set him up to kill him? At the same time, some people think that DeDeZhang and Li have never worked together, and there is no conflict of interest between them, and there is no motive for killing. The most interesting thing is that some people say that people usually kill people with their heads. How can they walk with their bodies? Third, he was killed by bandits on his way to Shandong to collect debts. This view has also been questioned by countless experts. With Li's wealth, how could he go out to collect debts himself? However, those who support this view have something new to say. They said that Li had a granddaughter who married in Wudi County.

Once I went to visit my granddaughter in Shandong and visited Mount Tai by the way. I was killed at the junction of Shandong and Hebei. At that time, the two followers who followed were scared out of their wits and took Li's head back to Beijing with only one bag. Similar to this view, some people say that after Li left the palace to live in seclusion, he also wanted to go out. For example, he has always been grateful to Empress Dowager Cixi. Every year, he goes to Dongling to visit the mausoleum of Empress Dowager Cixi, only to be killed halfway. His head was thrown at the door of the Li family in Beijing.

From these legends and viewpoints, we can roughly sort out the following clues. First, it is a fact that Li died of homicide, and the theory of illness and death is only the statement of his family, which is not credible. Second, Li was killed by his enemy. In spite of his wit and alertness, Li still has a large number of enemies. "Power to the right.

"People must climb on other people's bodies. The enemy can be a revolutionary, a colleague in the palace, or someone instructed by Yuan Shikai. In fact, the person who is most likely to kill him is Zai Feng, the younger brother of Emperor Guangxu, who was the regent of the country at that time and was in power for a period of time. He also had a motive to kill, because some people said that Li poisoned Emperor Guangxu and avenged his brother's death. As for the theory of robbery and murder by bandits, it is a bit far-fetched. Third, the location where Li was killed is not exact. Therefore, it is very likely that the murderer returned Li's head. Li Guzhi could not find the body, so he had to bury his head and shell.

Li was rich before his death, and was buried after his death. In front of his tomb, there are couplets that read "Great and Medium-sized Consolidate the Future", and there is a saying that "Canon is equal to the founder"

"Ming, however, after his skull was dug up, he was kicked by students as a football and finally thrown into the cesspit of the school toilet ... until one night, the man who personally dug up Li's tomb returned to Beijing.

Mr. Zhao Guangzhi, a teacher of the June 1st school, took a dung spoon, fished out his head and buried it under a hillside. No one knew it from now on.

His idea is also simple: after all, it is a bit disrespectful to treat the dead like that.