Who is the author of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival? When was it finished?

China is one of the top ten famous paintings handed down from generation to generation. The genre paintings of the Northern Song Dynasty, with a width of 24.8 cm and a length of 528.7 cm, are the only representative works of Zhang Zeduan, a painter of the Northern Song Dynasty, and belong to the first-class national treasure. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival vividly records the urban life of China in the12nd century, which is unique in the painting history of China and even the world.

In the form of a long scroll, the work uses the composition method of scattered perspective to bring complicated scenery into a unified and changeable picture scroll. This painting is mainly divided into two parts, one is the countryside and the other is the market. There are 8 14 people, 83 livestock, 29 ships, more than 30 buildings, 13 cars, 14 cars, 17 bridges, and about 180 trees in the painting. They wear different clothes and look lifelike, with various activities interspersed.

This painting depicts the prosperity of Bianjing in the Qingming period. It is a witness to the prosperity of Bianjing in that year and a portrayal of the economic situation of the city in the Northern Song Dynasty. It vividly depicts the daily social life and customs of Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. Through this painting, we can understand the city appearance of the Northern Song Dynasty and the life of people from all walks of life at that time. In a word, The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is of great historical value.

The center of the Riverside Map on Qingming Festival consists of a rainbow-shaped bridge and the street surface of Qiaotou Street. At first glance, crowded and chaotic; A closer look shows that these people are from different industries and engage in various activities. There are some vendors and many tourists on the west side of the bridge. There are knives, scissors and groceries on the stall. There are tea sellers and fortune tellers. Many tourists lean against the railings by the bridge, or point at them, or watch the ships coming and going in the river. On the sidewalk in the middle of the bridge, there are bustling people; There are people who ride cars, ride horses, carry loads, drive donkeys, transport goods and push unicycles ... The south side of the bridge is connected with the street. On both sides of the street are teahouses, pubs, pawn shops and workshops. There are many vendors with big umbrellas in the open spaces on both sides of the street. The street extends eastward and westward to the quiet suburb outside the city, but there are still pedestrians on the street: some are carrying goods, some are driving ox carts to deliver goods, some are driving donkeys to pull trucks, and some stop to watch the scenery of Bianhe River.

There are many boats coming and going on the Bian River, which can be described as a race in Qian Fan. Some are parked near the dock, and some are driving in the river. Some big ships were overloaded, and the owners hired many trackers to tow them. A big ship carrying goods has passed under the bridge and will soon cross bridge opening. At this time, the boatman on this big ship is very busy. Some people stood at the top of the canopy and put down their sails; Some people are struggling to support the pole by the boat; Some people hold the ceiling of bridge opening with long poles, so that the boat can pass safely with the water. This tense scene attracted the attention of tourists on the bridge and nearby boatmen, who stood by and cheered. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival vividly depicts the busy and tense traffic scene on the Bianhe River, adding more vitality to the painting.

Zhang Zeduan has a high artistic generalization, which makes The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival reach a high artistic level. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is unprecedented in its rich content, numerous characters and grand scale. The picture of Riverside Scene on Qingming Festival is dense and orderly, from quiet suburbs to bustling city streets, attracting people everywhere.

Based on Qian's Zhuo? 6? According to the statistics in Volume VIII 1 of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, there are 1659 characters and 209 animals, which are better than the classical novels Romance of the Three Kingdoms (1 195), A Dream of Red Mansions (975) and A Dream of Red Mansions.

The whole picture of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival can be divided into three sections. When the picture unfolds, the first thing you see is the scenery on the outskirts of Bianjing. The middle section mainly depicts the busy scenes on both sides of Shangtu Bridge and Bianhe River. The second half depicts the street view of Bianjing City. The size of the word is less than 3 cm, as small as a bean. If you look at them carefully, they are both physically and mentally interesting.

According to the textual research on the inscription of Li Dongyang, a Ming Dynasty man, there should be a landscape map of the outer suburbs in front of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which is inscribed with Song Huizong's fine gold lettering and Ssangyong's small seal for his collection, but now these have disappeared from the painting. There are two reasons. One possibility is that this picture has been circulated for too long, and the beginning part was broken after being enjoyed by countless people, so it was cut off when later generations mounted it; One possibility is that Song Huizong's inscription and Ssangyong Xiao Zhuan are valuable, and later generations deliberately cut them off and sold them as another painting.

Many experts suspect that the second half of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is missing, because this painting should not come to an abrupt end just after entering Kaifeng City, but should be painted all the way to Jinming Pool. However, more experts believe that the name of this painting is Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which means that Tomb-Sweeping Day goes to the river (what to do is not discussed for the time being), and the willow at the end of the painting is the protagonist of reverie, so the meaning of the name of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival can be completely interpreted. On the contrary, some experts think that the beginning of the painting is abrupt, as if it had been artificially cut off, because the original painting has an inscription on it at the beginning, and the statement that it was cut off for profit is more credible. The author briefly introduces Zhang Zeduan, a native of Wu Dong (now Zhucheng). He studied in Bianjing in his early years, then studied painting, and worked in Hanlin Painting Academy during the reign of Song Huizong Evonne (11-1124). Chinese painting uses a marker and ruler to draw lines, which is used to express themes such as palaces, terraces and houses, especially boats, cars, shops, bridges, streets and battlements. His paintings are unique and unique. Most of Zhang Zeduan's paintings are scattered, and only The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is well preserved.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, Bianjing was extremely prosperous, with four rivers passing through the city and four land routes. It used to be the national land and water transportation center, ranking first in the country in commercial development, with a population of more than 654.38+0 million. There are many lively markets, shops and even night markets in Bianjing City. On holidays, the capital is even more lively. In order to show the prosperity of Beijing, Zhang Zeduan chose the scene of Qingming, an important festival, and gave 59 performances. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival shows the land and water transportation and busy market in the capital of Northern Song Dynasty.

Before the Northern Song Dynasty, China's figure painting was dominated by religion and aristocratic life. Although Zhang Zeduan worked in the Hanlin Painting Academy, his works were all called "courtyard paintings" or "courtyard paintings", but he extended his brush to the lives of people from all walks of life and created social genre paintings describing urban and rural life. The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival draws a large number of various figures. Moreover, the movements and expressions of each character in Zhang Zeduan are vivid. This fully shows that Zhang Zeduan's life is very rich and his creative skills are very skillful.