What are the main contents and words of reading notes in Taoyuan and Yuanzhou?

Reading Notes: Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden has been deeply rooted in people's hearts for thousands of years, and all readers who have read it yearn for this ideal paradise. However, Shen Congwen, the author of this paper, described the real life and environment of Taoyuan people for us from the reality, which made readers have a new understanding of the real Taoyuan and made it clear that the reality is cruel and cold. The Xanadu written by Tao Yuanming can only exist in literary works and people's imagination.

Main contents: Part I (1): Starting with the influence of Peach Blossom Garden on people, the real customs of Taoyuan County are introduced. ?

The second part (2-3): Writing about the overall disorder of Taoyuan County in reality is in sharp contrast with the situation that "Ya" people come here to "visit the secluded place to explore the victory", which highlights the fiction and unreality of the fairyland. ?

The third part (4-7): Writing about the human landscape of Taoyuan County, emphasizing its secular but wild and powerful beauty, highlighting the difference from the life landscape in the Peach Blossom Garden, and arousing people's deep thinking about the ideal and reality. ?

Good words and sentences:

1, take a boat from Taoyuan County to Yuanshui River. The boat went to Baimadu and headed for the south bank, forgetting the distance of the road. After a while, the Peach Blossom Garden was just around the corner.

There are coffin shops, official pharmacies, teahouses and pubs, rice shops, monks and Taoist priests, brokers and matchmakers in the city. Most temples and ancestral halls are manned by troops, and armed comrades must stand guard outside. Tuzhan Tobacco House is protected by the local military and police because it pays taxes according to regulations. On behalf of local production, there are dozens of jade works in the small street, which are dyed red with precious stones and cut into wine glasses and pen holders. The quality of the goods is average, but the price is not cheap.

I am really ill, so I can't make a living by doing business. Sometimes I go to the western pharmacy for an injection, and I will stick it a few times at 6: 03, or ask the doctor to write a prescription and take cinnabar poria cocos for a while. As long as I can hold on, I will never sit down and eat rice.

(1) Original: Taoyuan and Yuanzhou

Scholars all over China, probably from the Tang Dynasty, are destined to read a Peach Blossom Garden, so they regard Taoyuan as a paradise. Everyone knows that the place was discovered by Wuling fishermen. Peach blossoms are in full bloom and the grass is delicious. When the guests from afar arrived, the country people killed the chicken and warmed the wine to welcome them. Rural people are adherents who have lived in seclusion since the Qin Dynasty, and they don't know about the Han Dynasty, let alone the Wei and Jin Dynasties. For thousands of years, the literati's impression of Taoyuan has not changed much, so whenever the country is weak and accidents happen, many people want to be adherents. This article has also increased many people's fantasies and increased many people's drinking capacity. As for the people who live there, no one thinks that they are adherents or immortals, and no one has seen them.

Taoyuan Cave is twenty-five miles away from Taoyuan County. Take a boat from Taoyuan County to the Yuan River. The boat went to Baimadu and headed for the south bank, forgetting the distance of the road. After a while, the Peach Blossom Garden was just around the corner. Although the peach blossoms in that place are not very touching, the bamboo forest is very interesting. Like bamboo rafts and columns, poems carved with knives by predecessors can be seen everywhere. Freshmen never give up, but also engrave the titles of English letters. Brave people lurking in the bamboo forest sometimes jump out from the roadside while waiting, imitating the heroic behavior in the water margin to make profits for tourists, which makes people unprepared and inevitably brings a little surprise. Taoyuan county is similar to a small county in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. When entering the city gate, the most striking thing is the announcement of stamp duty and some kind of public debt. There are coffin shops, official pharmacies, teahouses and pubs, rice shops, monks and Taoist priests, brokers and matchmakers in the city. Most temples and ancestral halls are manned by troops, and armed comrades must stand guard outside. Tuzhan Tobacco House is protected by the local military and police because it pays taxes according to regulations. On behalf of local production, there are dozens of jade works in the small street, which are dyed red with precious stones and cut into wine glasses and pen holders. The quality of the goods is average, but the price is not cheap. In addition, there is a place called Houjiang, where countless prostitutes, whether public or private, live seriously and run their own businesses. Some people live in garden bungalows, while others live in empty boats. Although the place is dirty, it is very poetic. These women used their naked bodies to comfort the military and political circles and conquered the cigarette vendors, timber merchants, ship owners and all kinds of passers-by who were on business in the Yuanhuan River Basin. Empty every customer's wallet, maintain many people's lives and promote local prosperity. As usual, the county magistrate is a scholar. I know from historical records that this is one of the oldest occupations of mankind. It existed before there was a county. Banning it does not conform to the "custom" and affects the lives of some people. Therefore, it is very legitimate to formulate some rules and regulations and collect a tax from these people (and use a beautiful term called "flowers") to supplement local administration, public security, or urban and rural areas with this money.

Since Taoyuan is a famous place, many "elegant" people naturally admire the ancient name of Taoyuan every year. In February and March, they went to Taoyuan County to inspect the victory with reference materials such as Selected Works of Tao Jing, Poetry Integration and Four Treasures of the Study. Before and after writing poems to Taoyuan Cave, these people will definitely have the opportunity to take a trip to the river, be instructed by friends or experts, sit in one room and another, light a cigarette and have a cup of tea. Look at the woman you like, ask the market, spend three yuan and five yuan, and then spend the night in a dirty flower bed used by thousands of people, holding the poor woman's chest loose. Therefore, several untitled love poems were added to Ji You's poems, and allusions such as "Witch Girl", "Gao Han Xie Pei" and "Liu Ruan Tiantai" were quoted. After seeing the peach blossom cave, if this person is usually cautious, he will feel that he should walk in front of the doctor, so he hurried home. As for the goddess who once received such a foreign "elegant" person, she may have received three Mayang sailors in succession the night before and accompanied two cowhide businessmen in Guizhou Province the night after. As usual, these women may also be stragglers, bailiffs of the county government and secretaries of the public security bureau. Or a local hooligan has kept it for a long time. When the guests came, the man went to the cigarette shop for the night, and after the guests left, he came back to burn cigarettes for the women.

The number of prostitutes accounts for a large part of the population of this city. Therefore, it seems that for various reasons, their age is more unrestricted than other big cities. Some people are over 50 years old, but they are unwilling to give up. They took their 16-and 17-year-old granddaughters to participate in this life struggle, and took turns to receive sailors and fire cases in the military camp every day. There are also people who are only 14 or 15 years old and haven't taken off their milk smell, and they are there to entertain guests for the night.

Their skill is to burn opium and sing some popular songs. If the visitors are people who run around the grain, they have to sing the military song "Dang Ge" and the new songs of current movie stars to socialize and increase interest. Some of their income can go to 230 yuan once, and some can only get 1.80 yuan all night. It's not the same thing that these people are sick. I'm really sick and can't make a living by doing business. Sometimes I go to the western pharmacy for an injection, and I prick it a few times at six o'clock and three o'clock, or I ask the doctor to make up the medicine and eat cinnabar and poria cocos for a while. As long as I can hold on, I will never sit down and eat rice. It was not until he fell ill and was completely hopeless that he asked Mao Gang to carry it back to an old woman who lived on an empty boat with a door panel and swallow her last breath. When he died, his relatives cried for a while, and all the monks were asked to chant Buddhist scriptures. Then he asked someone to buy a four-headed coffin on credit, or borrowed a "big plus one" to buy a thin plate, once buried in the soil, it would be over.

There is a highway in Taoyuan, which leads directly to Wuling (Changde), which is known as the throat of Xiangxi. Every day, eight and ten new buses run on the expressway at certain times. It's about ninety miles from Changde, and the fare is one yuan and zero. This road leads from Changde to Changsha, the capital of Hunan Province. It takes about four hours by car and the fare is about six yuan. When the expressway was opened to traffic, some people said that it was of great significance to the economy of Hunan Province, which meant that it would be convenient for Guizhou Province to export "specialties". This person doesn't seem to know that special goods have to carry 300 tons and 500 tons at a time when crossing the border. There are only a dozen cars going back and forth on the expressway every day. How much can they ship every day if the special supply is not good? With regard to the refinement of special products, who among the civilians has the courage to engage in such illegal acts in the propaganda of strict prohibition of smoking in various provinces? If someone is in a shop in Taoyuan County, you can try to buy a little yellow powder medicine as a chat tone, and you will understand that the source of this goods is well-founded. Believe it or not, the word "age" and "son" of major shareholders, as well as the supervision along the Yangtze River and the reputation of Shanghai. And understand that production is not Taoyuan County. Sixty miles up the river, there are 20 machines working day and night. When they are transported for export, they can go straight to Hankou by ship, without having to be transported to Changsha by road car.

It can really be called a famous Taoyuan product. It is worth noting that domestic chickens lay the same eggs. You can't find this huge and solemn creature anywhere in the streets, and it often weighs more than ten or twenty kilograms. When passers-by first see eggs in this place, they will think they are duck eggs or goose eggs. Secondly, there is a boat in Taoyuan. It is fast, stable and clean, and it can be called second to none in Shui Yuan. A traveler from other provinces wants to inspect the distribution of Miao people in Hunan from Yongsui, Gancheng and Fenghuang in western Hunan, or inspect the tung oil production from western Hunan to Youyang and Xiushan in Sichuan, inspect the cinnabar and mercury production in Tongren, Guizhou, inspect the bamboo materials in Yuping, and pay attention to the handicraft production of making flute and paper. He can rent a boat at the bottom of Kuixing Pavilion in Taoyuan County and go upstream along the Yuanshui River to reach his destination.

A Taoyuan rowing boat can only hold one or two guests. As usual, we need a helmsman to manage the stern and mobilize the surrounding ships. Hang the sail, stretch the sail rope and catch the breeze in the valley. Pay off and pull the boat, measure the width of the river and the water potential of the river, and stretch the bamboo cable. In addition, workers should be stopped to watch the water when going up and down the beach. Before the accident, the helmsman should be reminded to avoid stones, bad waves and streams, and the pole should be accurately and steadily clicked after the accident. Such people also need courage, strength and experience. Pull the mast and lower the rope quickly when sailing and lowering the sail. The windward ship flies like an arrow, and it crouches at the bow, screaming and laughing at the backward ship. If a person's boat falls and is laughed at, he has to be scolded back, and others have to answer with songs when singing. Be reasonable when two ships collide. Don't let others take advantage. When you start fighting, first take out the pole and hold it in your hand. Ships are forced into rapids and dangerous beaches. No matter in winter or summer, they should take off their clothes quickly and bravely, rush to rapids, and do their best to get the ships out of danger in the water. Because of an accident, the helmsman didn't do his duty, so he crossed the stern from the top of the boat and became a temporary helmsman. If there are sailors on board, you should take care of them and give them advice. There is also an unshirkable responsibility, that is, in all faults, we should insult each other, scold our ancestors, steer the boat and continue to let the boat move forward. In addition to these two people, the ship also needs a small sailor to live in chores, washing rice, cooking, cutting vegetables and washing dishes. Sail and sail, we must help each other in the same boat, and we must also help each other in the same boat. Most of these young sailors should pay attention everywhere and gain experience and skills in their studies. In addition to learning to watch the water, watch the wind, remember stones and use paddles, you also learn to be beaten and scolded. All kinds of strange words reverberate in my ears all day long, so I leave them in my memory and use them to insult others when I grow up. There was no wind blowing on the river, and a man was pulling a boat along the desolate riverside path with fiberboard and a section of bamboo cable. When the ship is moored at the dock, it must obey the rules. As for their financial situation, the helmsman has been employed by boatmen for many years, with an average of 80 cents a day. The foreman has worked for many years. If he is young and experienced, his salary is similar to that of a helmsman. If it's only a short round trip, the average day 10 or 50 cents on the uplink, and you can try your best to eat on the downlink. As for young sailors, the duration of study depends on their age and ability. Some people can get 20 cents pocket money a day, and some people eat for nothing on the boat for three to five years. I was careless when I went to the seaside, and I didn't know that my penny was thrown into the torrent of rocks. I was not good at swimming and drowned in the water. The owner of the ship wrote a written evidence, and parents can't ask about life and death. After the helmsman handed over the remaining clothes of the deceased to the parents to explain the situation of falling into the water, the procedure of burning hundreds of dollars of paper was clear.

A small boat in Taoyuan, three sailors like this, plus a passenger who needs to hurry, be patient and not be too lonely, and can spend 230 yuan, the boat will move up and down a crystal clear Yuan River. The first person recorded as a passenger on this boat in this river should be Qu Yuan, the crazy Chu Zhu Chen. He said in his article: "Wang Zhuxi in the morning, Yang Chen in the evening." If his article is worth quoting, we can still estimate that he may take this boat upstream to Yuanzhou, which is rich in herbs and fragrant flowers, according to the sayings of "Yuan Youzhi, Li Youlan" and "Going to Yuan by boat". Not far from the upper reaches of Yuanzhou, there is a white rock stream in which Cao Zhi grew, and it can still be seen everywhere. This orchid is rooted in the crevices of cliffs or spread to the branches of pine trees, with long leaves fluttering and flowers hanging in a long string. The flowers and leaves are softer in shape and lighter in fragrance than Cymbidium hybridum. Those who swim in Baiyanxi can go by boat. If people on the boat can reach out and pick flowers at will, it will become a bunch in an instant. If the cliff stone is too high, you can also put flowers down with bamboo poles, try to fall into the stream of Qingxi, and then pick them up from the stream. Besides Lan Zhi, there are many fragrant flowers of vanilla, which breed under the cliff by the stream. The colorful cliff stone carvings, the fragrant and dazzling exotic flowers and grasses, and the small swirling flow combine into a sacred place with unspeakable charm! Without these places, Qu Yuan would be a little crazier. I think his article may not be so good-looking.

Who read this record of mine? If he was fascinated by Yuan Zhou's use of incense, he actually chartered a boat from Taoyuan to Yuan Zhou, hoping to solve several vegetation problems in Chu Ci on the spot. When you arrive at the south gate of Yuanzhou, you may accidentally catch a glimpse of the darkness on the door. Because I want to know out of curiosity, I can't ask anyone at the moment. What he saw was just a new piece of blood, not a monument. Before and after the Qing Party, a young man named Tang in Huangzhou, a graduate of Beijing Agricultural University, led more than 20,000 farmers and a group of young students in four townships in Huangzhou County, Yuanzhou, and went to the city to petition with various farm tools on his shoulders. The Chief Executive has ordered the garrison soldiers not to petition the masses to enter the city. So the two sides naturally clashed. On the one hand, there are flags, sticks, shouts and anger, on the other hand, there is condescension, a machine gun and ten rifles. As the street was too narrow, the Commissioner standing at the front, together with more than 40 young students and farmers, all died at the gate. When the rest of the farmers saw that the situation was wrong, they threw down their farm tools and ran away. The Commissioner's body was then stabbed with bayonets by soldiers on the city gate board for three days. Three days later, together with other victims, they were thrown into the clean stream praised by Qu Yuan and fed the fish. Over the past few years, the local people have been sent to donate Ralph in repeated civil wars, and they have muddled along with the officers and gradually forgotten this matter.

Taoyuan ship was carried to the original state capital, and the helmsman carried the guest's luggage ashore. When they get the money to buy drinks and return to the boat, these sailors will take the opportunity to walk through the cobblestone street outside the south gate. That place is similar to Houjiang in Taoyuan, and there are many people who run the oldest occupation. This place is not a commercial port, so the price is reasonable. Pay 50 cents to close the door once, and you can get a pack of buttered tobacco when you get on board. This was the rule ten years ago. According to the current situation that everything is expensive, of course everything has changed, and the cost of spending money may be higher. Customers who collect money may have already changed to "Meika" instead of "Cleaning Silk". Or someone suddenly met a sailor in cobbler street and asked the sailor, "boatman,' fat water doesn't flow outside', if you let others use some at home, you have to spend money on others'." Does this count? "

Sailors will pat the suede pocket around their waist and answer with a smile: "Uncle,' the wool is on the sheep', this money is not my money from Taoyuan, it is calculated."

He only answered the second half of the sentence, not to mention the first half. I am in Yuanzhou, six or seven hundred miles away from Taoyuan, which is not his business.

Because of this philosophy, the life of sailors seems to be much more free and easy than that of "elegant people". If I don't say taboos, no one will doubt that I "protect the proletariat". I also want to say that their behavior is much more moral than those "elegant people" who read some quotations from Confucius, took "500 Romantic Poems" to Taoyuan for a tryst, and then came to Jiangxi for experience.