Why does the observer cause the observed quantum state to collapse?

In quantum mechanics, the motion state of microscopic particles is called quantum state.

Quantum states are characterized by a set of quantum numbers, which are equal to the degrees of freedom of particles. Scholars in the industry have raised different questions about this theory, such as Li Qichuan: "Einstein said: The real physical world should be simple. Describing quantum as a sphere is not an absolute model of classical quantum theory. The apparent model of physical theory tends to establish an understandable model, and the spherical model is just suitable for this situation.

Its foundation comes from the three-dimensional model of our space, and the sphere is the best embodiment of such a space. Ring quantum violates the base of such a space, so it is incomplete to describe it in topological space. Although this theory can explain many problems, it is not self-consistent.

Extended data:

Basic equation of wave-particle duality;

Solving particle problems in quantum mechanics often boils down to solving Schrodinger equation or stationary Schrodinger equation. Schrodinger equation is widely used in atomic physics, nuclear physics and solid physics, and the results of solving a series of problems such as atoms, molecules, nuclei and solids are in good agreement with reality.

Schrodinger equation is only applicable to non-relativistic low-speed particles, and it does not contain a description of particle spin. When the relativistic effect is considered, the Schrodinger equation is replaced by the relativistic quantum mechanical equation, which naturally includes the spin of particles.

The basic equation of quantum mechanics proposed by Schrodinger. Established on 1926. It is a non-relativistic wave equation. It reflects the law describing the state of microscopic particles changing with time, and its position in quantum mechanics is equivalent to Newton's law of classical mechanics, which is one of the basic assumptions of quantum mechanics. Let the wave function describing the state of microscopic particles be ψ (r, t), and the Schrodinger equation of microscopic particles with mass m moving in the potential field U(r, t) is.

The wave function ψ (r, t) can be solved under the given initial and boundary conditions and the single-valued, finite and continuous conditions that the wave function satisfies. From this, the distribution probability of particles and the average value (expected value) of any possible experiments can be calculated. When the potential function u does not depend on time t, the particle has definite energy, and the state of the particle is called steady state. The steady-state wave function can be written as a formula, in which ψ (r) is called the steady-state wave function, which satisfies the steady-state Schrodinger equation and is called the eigenvalue equation mathematically, where E is the eigenvalue and the steady-state energy, and ψ (r) is also called the eigenfunction belonging to the eigenvalue E.

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