Pinghua text of Guangxi dialect

This name existed in ancient times, but its meaning is still unknown. It is still inconclusive which dialect it belongs to. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Pinghua became the common language in Guangxi. According to the History of Song Dynasty and genealogy records, the ancestors of Pinghua residents came to Guangxi from Shandong with Diqing in the Song Dynasty.

Pinghua is mainly used in market towns and some rural areas in more than ten counties, such as Daoxian, Ningyuan, Lanshan and Tongdao Dong Autonomous County, which are adjacent to China Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Hunan. Commonly known as sugarcane garden dialect, Binyang dialect, Tuguai dialect, common people dialect, Tatutan dialect, Hengtang dialect, Yangmei dialect, Jintou dialect, Tingzi dialect, Shajing dialect, Hakka dialect, Liu Jia dialect, Du Hua dialect, local dialect, village dialect, cormorant dialect, white voice and so on. Divide it into two parts: southern Guangxi and northern Guangxi. The residents of Pinghua in the suburbs of Guilin, Yongfu and Nanning are concentrated. From Lingui County along the railway to Nanning City and Hengxian County, and along the upper reaches of Yongjiang River and Youjiang River, there are scattered Pinghua residents near the main land and water transportation routes along the way. Taking Liuzhou as the boundary, it is divided into Beiping dialect and Nanping dialect, which are very different and can't understand each other. Guinan dialect and Goulou Cantonese have great consistency, and no phonetic feature can distinguish them. There are also great differences in Beiping dialect in Guangxi, and Southwest Mandarin, as a strong dialect, has an important influence on Beiping dialect in Guangxi.

The south of Guangxi includes Nanning suburbs and some towns and villages in Binyang, Hengxian, Shanglin and mashan county, Pubei County in Qinzhou City, Fusui, Ningming and Longzhou counties in Chongzuo City, Baise suburbs and some towns and villages in Pingguo, Tiandong and Tianyang counties. The dialects of people in Liujiang, Liucheng, Rongshui, Rong 'an, Sanjiang and Luocheng in Hechi City, Liuzhou City are close to Guinanping dialect, which can also be classified as Guinanping dialect. Northern Guangxi includes Lingui, Lingchuan, Yongfu and Longsheng counties in the suburbs of Guilin, Babu District of Hezhou City, Fuchuan and Zhongshan counties.

Nanping dialect in Guangxi is mainly used in Binyang, Yongning, Hengxian, Guigang, Shanglin and Mashan counties and the suburbs of Nanning, as well as some market towns and villages in Zuojiang and Youjiang basins. The phonetic system of Beiping Dialect in Guangxi is different from that of Southwest Mandarin, Northern Guangxi Xiang Dialect, Hakka Dialect, Cantonese and Min Dialect, with a high degree of mixing and a low degree of generality. Guangxi Nanping dialect is greatly influenced by Cantonese in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, but there is little internal difference. Wang Li once thought it should belong to Cantonese. The phonetic system of Nanping dialect in Guangxi, represented by Tingzi Pinghua in Nanning, has 22 initials and 43 finals.

Guangxi Beiping dialect is mainly used in the suburbs of Guilin, market towns and villages in Lingui, Lingchuan, Yongfu, Longsheng, Fuchuan, Zhongshan, Hexian, Rongan, Rongshui, Luocheng, Liujiang and Liucheng. The internal consistency of Nanping dialect in Guangxi is relatively large. Beiping dialect in northern Guangxi is similar to Pinghua in Rong 'an, Rongshui, Luocheng, Liujiang and Liucheng, and it is also close to Nanping dialect in southern Guangxi. Taking tone as an example, five of the six Shu tones in Rong 'an Pinghua are the same as or similar to Xinxu Pinghua in southern Guangxi. The Pinghua dialect in Lingchuan and Longsheng of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, influenced by Xiang dialect and Southwest Mandarin, is quite different from Rongan, Liucheng and Nanping dialects in Guangxi. The most remarkable thing is that the stop rhyme [-p-t-k] of the entering tone disappears and becomes an open vowel. The original entering tone is self-contained or merged with other soothing sounds. Please compare the tones of the following four Pinghua dialects, such as Xinxu and Binyang, with Nanning dialect and Guangzhou dialect as reference.

Judging from the similarities and differences in tone categories and tone values, the Pinghua in Funing County, Yunnan Province is basically the same as that in Nanping, Guangxi, and the Pinghua in southern Hunan is similar to that in Lingchuan, northern Guangxi. Therefore, Pinghua can be divided into the following three parts:

1. Nanping dialect in Guangxi, including Pinghua in southern Guangxi and Funing area in Yunnan.

2. Liu Rong Pinghua includes Lingui (Wu Tong and Liangjiang areas), Rongan, Rongshui, Liucheng, Luocheng and Liujiang in northern Guangxi.

Linglong Pinghua includes Lingchuan, Longsheng, Fuchuan, Hexian, Zhongshan in northern Guangxi and Pinghua in southern Hunan. In Atlas of Chinese Language, Rongliuping Dialect and Linglongping Dialect are collectively called "Guibeiping Dialect". Most of the people who use Pinghua are Han people, but some Yao Hong and Pingdiyao in Sishui, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Di Jiang, Longsheng County give up their mother tongue and switch to Pinghua. Many Zhuang people in western Nanning and parts of Yongning County, Zhuang and Mulao people in Luo Jing and Long 'an, and Dong people in Tongdao County of Hunan Province also know the nearby Pinghua, and even their folk songs are often written and sung in Pinghua. Pinghua has different opinions in different places, such as Nanning, Yongning, Pingguo and Lingui in northern Guangxi and Ningyuan, Daoxian and Tongdao in Hunan. Rongan, Rongshui, Luocheng, Liujiang and Liucheng call themselves ordinary people.

In addition, some people in Funing County, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province also use Pinghua. As for the population who use Pinghua, previous data show that the population who use Pinghua is around 2 million. This estimate is obviously low. According to our latest survey materials, the number of people using Pinghua in the three regions far exceeds 2 million. In Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, there are millions of people whose mother tongue is Pinghua.