Pingjinqiao Fortune Telling _ Where is Pingqiao Fortune Telling?

Before the July 7th Incident, the Japanese army had been conducting military exercises in the urban and suburban areas of Ping Jin. One of the important intentions is to deter China's soldiers and civilians and put psychological pressure on each other first. In the eyes of the Japanese, China people were afraid of Japan at that time, which has become a common psychology. Once threatened, they never give in. They don't want to lose their fighting power in front of 29 army officers and men who are already awesome at home and abroad. Not only did they not buy the Japanese account, but they also confronted the enemy and boldly implemented psychological anti-deterrence.

When the Japanese army held a tank infantry street fighting exercise in the western suburbs of Beiping, the Japanese army left the west gate of Wanping County and arrived at the bridge head of Lugou Bridge. According to the agreement between the two sides, they stopped crossing the stone bridge, drove north for about one kilometer, then crossed the railway and arrived near Dawayao Village, ready to start the exercise. This time, the Japanese line of action is actually equivalent to turning a 90-degree right angle. According to the normal route, from far to near, there is no need to pass through Wanping County. Starting from Fengtai, you can go straight to Dawayao. Obviously, the Japanese want to demonstrate to the people of China through this move.

China people are not to be outdone. On both sides of the streets in Wanping County, the sentry posts of China soldiers are like trees on the roadside, extending all the time. These sentries are dressed in British uniforms and armed with rifles equipped with excellent spears. Because 29 army attached great importance to the training of soldiers' physical fitness, every soldier stood in a pile and stared at the Japanese infantry and tanks passing by. The patrolling generals often praise them: "I have not humiliated the people of China!"

After June 1937, the Japanese military's exercises in Fengtai with the defenders of Lugouqiao as imaginary enemies escalated day by day. First, they do it at sunrise and return at sunset, then they return at sunset, then they do it at sunrise, and then they continue to exercise day and night, even for days and nights. The first is the general air bomb training exercise, followed by live ammunition actual combat exercises. Generally speaking, Japanese military exercises have a strong purpose, such as street fighting exercises targeting a street and a lane, and offensive exercises targeting an army in a certain place as an imaginary enemy. The purpose of China's military exercises is vague, and most of them are "demonstration" exercises, that is, "Don't steam steamed bread". Little consideration is given to the characteristics of the enemy, possible situations, the enemy's combat effectiveness and the general's method of using troops. One day, the headquarters of the Japanese Fengtai Muyi Qingzhi Brigade, led by officers riding high horses, entered the east gate of Wanping County with great energy and prestige, and slowly advanced to the west gate. The officer Qingqi looked around and saw armed China soldiers lined up on both sides of the road, a bit like a guard of honor. This has even exposed the prestige of the Japanese imperial army! Although Japanese war horses are well trained, they are not the "first snow" to protect the emperor. Seeing this often, this horse feels strange. Just then, the broadsword of China soldiers standing on the roadside flashed in the sun, and the dazzling flash was directed at the horse's head. The officer's mount was surprised and hid from the road. He stepped on a small tree, which fell under the horseshoe. Next to the little tree stood a sentry with a gun in China. As soon as the young soldier saw the tree fall, he reached for the reins of the horse's head and shouted at the Japanese officer, "Fine 20 cents!" "

This time, Japanese officers began to be very horizontal and wanted to meet. China's officers and men surrounded him and said that he had damaged trees in China and must pay compensation. Looking around, he saw that the squadron had arrived in the city center, and there were machine guns on all sides of the wall. Maybe there was an ambush in the surrounding buildings. Once they begin, China people will not catch turtles in a jar, but their own flesh and blood will suffer first. Heroes don't suffer immediate losses. He weighed the pros and cons, but blushed and reluctantly took out twenty cents.

The "twenty cents" incident was widely celebrated at that time, and the people were full of praise for the patriotic behavior of the soldiers.

On the afternoon of July 7th, 1937, the 8th Squadron of the 3rd Brigade of the 3rd Brigade 1 Team of the Japanese Army stationed in Fengtai, led by the squadron leader Jielang Shimizu, arrived near the North Longwang Temple in Lugou Bridge. That night, the Japanese army conducted exercises at Longwang Temple and Dawayao.

10 or so, the 37th division of China Garrison in Wanping 1 10 brigade suddenly heard gunshots in the northeast of the city, so they paid close attention to the Japanese army.

At about 12 in the evening, Taihei Matsui, the head of the Japanese special agent in Beiping, called the Foreign Affairs Committee of Jicha Government Affairs Committee and lied that a squadron of the Japanese army was practicing in Lugouqiao at night. It seemed that he heard several shots fired by the garrison of Wanping ancient city, which caused the drill troops to be in chaos for a while and lost 1 soldier. He requested to enter Wanping ancient city for search. 29 army's army rejected the unreasonable demands of the Japanese army, and replied: Lugouqiao is the territory of China, and the Japanese army exercised there without our prior consent, which violated public international law and hindered China's sovereignty. We can't be responsible for the lost soldiers, and we don't allow the Japanese to go into the city for inspection, which leads to misunderstanding.

At 2: 00 a.m. on July 8, Japanese reinforcements from Fengtai led by the third brigade commander, Yimu Masataka Shimizu, joined his men and occupied the sand hills in the northeast of Wanping as planned. In order to prevent the situation from expanding, the authorities agreed to send personnel to investigate. The Chinese side appointed Wang Lengzhai, Governor of Wanping County, Lin Gengyu, Commissioner of Foreign Affairs Committee of Yoshicha Government Affairs Committee, Zhou Yongye, Deputy Director of Transportation Department of Yoshicha appeasement Office, to negotiate with Tokutaro Sakurai, Japanese consultant of Yoshicha appeasement office, Tadao Hiraji, Japanese assistant of Guansi, and Saito, secretary.

At 5 o'clock in the morning, when the two sides were still negotiating, the Japanese army ordered an attack on the China army in the Lugouqiao area and shelled Wanping County.

Driven by the national anti-Japanese upsurge, China garrison 29 army 1 10 Brigade rose to resist, which opened the prelude to the national anti-Japanese war. They said, "I would like to live and die together with the Lugou Bridge." "If the Japanese army asks our troops to withdraw from the Lugou Bridge, there will be death. The Lugou Bridge can be our grave." Jixing Art Troupe repelled the Japanese attack three times in a row. The third brigade of the Japanese army went straight to Longwang Temple and the nearby railway bridge. There are only two rows of 29 army guarding the bridgehead position. They said, "I would rather die as a ghost than be conquered people" and fought bloody battles with the Japanese army. In the end, more than 60 soldiers died heroically because they were outnumbered. The Japanese also left hundreds of bodies on the river bank.

On the night of July 8, around 12, the young soldiers of Jixing Art Troupe Commando climbed out of Wanping Ancient City with rope ladders, unexpectedly wiped out the 1 squadron of the Japanese army on the railway bridge, recaptured the railway bridge and Longwang Temple, and greatly boosted morale. On the same day, Chiang Kai-shek sent a telegram to Song: The ancient city of Wanping should be adhered to and everything should be mobilized to prevent the situation from deteriorating. On the 9th, the Military Commission of the National Government ordered the whole country to prepare for the war, and put Sun Lianzhong and other four divisions of the 26th Route Army under Song's command, and sent them to Baoding and Shijiazhuang to support the 29th Army.

However, according to the policy of the Kuomintang government, the Hebei authorities gave up the favorable opportunity to destroy the enemy. On the morning of July 9th, Qin Dechun, deputy commander of 29 army and mayor of Beiping, reached three verbal agreements with Taihei Matsui, director of Japanese Beiping Special Service: First, both sides immediately stopped shooting; Second, the Japanese army retreated to Fengtai, and the 29 th Army retreated to the west of Lugou Bridge; Third, the city's defense is the responsibility of the security team. On July 10, under the guise of "on-the-spot settlement", Japan proposed that 29 army apologize to the Japanese army, and China's troops should not be stationed in Lugouqiao, wanping county and Longwangmiao areas.

1 1 day, the Japanese government issued a statement to send troops to North China, falsely claiming that China defenders "shot illegally near Lugouqiao", and decided to send more troops to North China, appointing Xiang Yueqing as the garrison commander of China, and transferring the 20th Japanese division stationed in North China to China. Subsequently, a large number of Japanese Kwantung troops arrived in Tianjin and invaded the suburbs of Peiping with heavy troops.

After the Japanese attack on Lugou Bridge was frustrated, the Japanese government used the excuse of "not expanding" and "solving it on the spot"; First, send more troops to North China and step up the deployment of aggression. On June 5438+0 1 day, the Japanese cabinet decided to send more troops and issued the government statement on sending troops to North China. The General Staff Department ordered the Kwantung Army to independently assemble 1,1brigades from Gongzhuling, Liaoning (now Jilin) and Gubeikou, Hebei (now Beijing) to Gao Liying, Shunyi County. The 20th Division entered Tianjin from Korea via Shanhaiguan; Six squadrons of the Kwantung Army Flying Regiment flew to Shanhaiguan, Suizhong and Jinzhou, and special forces such as anti-aircraft guns and armor went to North China; The main force of China garrison infantry brigade is assembled in the east of Beiping, with a total strength of about 6,543,800 people.

On June 5438+05, 2005, Kiyoshi Itō Jie, the new commander of the Japanese army stationed in China, drew up a battle plan to attack Ping Jin, requiring the participating troops to be assembled before the 20th.

/kloc-In July, 0/7, Chiang Kai-shek delivered a speech in Lushan, claiming: "If the war is over, the land will be divided into north and south. Everyone, old and young, has the responsibility to defend the land and resist the war, and should be determined to sacrifice everything." This conversation determined the policy of preparing for the war of resistance. However, at this time, Jiang did not completely give up the illusion of making peace with Japan, and still wanted to limit the Lugouqiao incident to a "local incident" and try to find a peaceful solution through diplomatic channels.

/kloc-in July, 0/9, after Song arrived in Peiping, he ordered the demolition of the fortifications in the city and opened and closed the city gates for several days, refusing donations from all walks of life in the country to 29 army's anti-Japanese forces. At the same time, continue to negotiate with the Japanese army in North China. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kuomintang government proposed to the Japanese Embassy that China and Japan stop military operations and withdraw their troops to their original places, and then solve them through diplomatic channels, which was rejected by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At that time, Song, the commander of 29 army, was "on vacation" in his hometown of Laoling, Shandong Province, and once fantasized about a peaceful settlement of the incident. On July 1 1, when he arrived in Tianjin, he was still busy with peace talks with Japan, thinking that the "Lugouqiao Incident" was only a "local conflict that can be solved at any time", thus delaying the fighter plane.

On July 20th, Japanese troops stationed in China had assembled in Miyun, Gao Liying, Tientsin and Peiping. During the Japanese rally in Ping Jin, the military authorities of the China government sent troops to Baoding and Shijiazhuang. The 29th Military Order132nd Division assembled in the south of Yongding River, making the 27th Brigade of the Division enter Beiping as the city defense. In the afternoon, the Japanese shelled Wanping Ancient City and Changxindian. Under the command of Ji Xingwen, the officers and men guarding the city repelled the enemy's repeated attacks. On the night of 25th, the 77th Infantry Regiment of the 20th Division transferred by the Japanese army from North Korea launched an attack on the garrison area of the 26th Regiment of the 38th Division of the Chinese Army in Langfang. Defenders are forced to defend themselves. At dawn the next day, with the cooperation of aviation and armored forces, the Japanese army captured Langfang and the defenders moved to Wuqing. Beicang Station, Yangcun Station and Rogge Station were also occupied by the Japanese. That night, the 2nd Regiment of the Japanese China Garrison attacked the 679th Regiment of the 25th Brigade of the Guanganmen Garrison in Beiping.

On the afternoon of 26th, an ultimatum was issued to 29 army in Yueqing, demanding that the 37th Division stationed in Beiping and the western suburbs be evacuated to the west of Yongding River before noon on 28th, and then retreated in Baoding direction, otherwise the Japanese army would be free to move. In the early morning of 27th, Japan did not wait for China's reply. The 2nd Regiment of Tunjun entered, besieged 2nd Regiment 1 Battalion of 39 Brigade, which was independently fielded outside Tongxian County, and captured China garrison fields such as Zhu Bao Temple, Tuanhe and Huangcun.

On the afternoon of the 27th, Song refused the ultimatum of the Japanese army, and sent electricity to the whole country to defend its territory, so that the 37th Division, which was originally prepared to withdraw its defense, quickly entered the position from Xiyuan to Lugouqiao. 132 division will assemble in Nanyuan as soon as possible. Teacher Zhao is the commander-in-chief of operations in the direction of Nanyuan; Sun Lianzhong and other departments were urged to go north to resist Japan. At this time, Nanyuan garrison has more than 7,000 people in four infantry regiments, 1 cavalry regiment, including 38th division,132nd division and special service brigade. Zhao arrived in Nanyuan that night, and his main force was still in Zhuoxian. On the way, Nanyuan's defense deployment was not adjusted and no fortifications were built. The situation is very critical. On the morning of the 28th, the Japanese army launched a general attack on the suburbs of Beiping, with the 20th division as the main force and 40 heavy artillery. Under the cover of tanks and artillery, they attacked Nanyuan. The main Japanese infantry brigade stationed in the station attacked Nanyuan from Fengtai, cutting off the retreat of Nanyuan defenders in the direction of Peiping. The defenders were forced to fight hastily, using the obstacles and villages around the barracks as bunkers, stubbornly resisting and recovering some positions. However, due to the repeated bombing of Japanese planes and artillery, the defenders could not be deployed, the communication facilities were blown up and the command failed. The officers and men fought hard until 2 pm, and about 5,000 people died. Tong, deputy commander of 29 army and head of the training regiment, and Zhao, division commander of 132, led more than 2,000 people to guard Nanyuan. Under the intensive enemy artillery fire, the situation is extremely unfavorable. In the face of strong enemies, Tong and Zhao vowed to stick to their guns and commanded the troops to fight bravely.

From the morning of July 28th to noon, the fighting was fierce and both sides suffered heavy losses. In the afternoon, Tong and others were ordered to lead their troops to Dahongmen, surrounded by the Japanese army, but they continued to fight hard with the enemy. Tong was shot in the leg by the enemy machine gun while commanding the right-wing troops to raid the Japanese army. Tong still led a fierce battle. The enemy plane bombed again, and he was seriously injured in the head, bleeding too much and dying heroically. Zhao was shot in the right arm in the fierce battle, but he continued to fight. Soon, his leg and other places were also injured. Zhao Lingbing went to Huangting to repair the car. Zhao was shot in the chest by the Japanese ambush and died heroically. The news that Tong and Zhao died for their country spread all over the country, which aroused the anti-Japanese indignation of the military and civilians. The Nanjing National Government issued a commendation order to posthumously award Tong and Zhao as army generals.

On the afternoon of 28th, Song appointed Zhang Zizhong as the agent of Jicha, director of the government affairs committee, director of Jicha appeasement office and mayor of Beiping, and left Beiping for Baoding that night. The 37th Division retreated to the south bank of Yongding River for protection. On the morning of 29th 1, the battle for Tianjin started. According to the deployment of the military meeting on 28th 19: 00, Tianjin Security Team 1 Squadron attacked the East Station, the pistol regiment, the 26th Independent Brigade 1 Battalion and the 3rd Security Team attacked Guang Hai Temple, and the 26th Independent Brigade (owed 1 Battalion) and the 2nd Security Squadron attacked Tianjin Terminal and the East Airport. Due to the hasty organization of the attack, under the circumstances of Japanese aerial bombing and tenacious resistance on the ground, China's army lost its attack and retreated to the Jinghai and Racecourse areas, and Tianjin fell.

At 8 o'clock on the 29th, the Japanese army independently infiltrated 1 1 brigade and attacked Beiyuan and Huangsi. The security forces in northern Hebei, Huangsi defenders, fought fiercely with the Japanese until 18, and then retreated. Beiyuan Garrison Independent 39 Brigade moved to the ancient city after fighting with the Japanese army, and returned to Beiyuan after the fighting. The brigade was disarmed by the Japanese army on 3 1. The independent 27 brigade in the city was reorganized into a security team to maintain public order. A few days later, it broke through to Chahar Province and returned to the 143 division.

29 army's 38th Division troops stationed in Tianjin took the initiative to attack the Japanese army in Tianjin in the early morning of 29th, captured the Japanese army station in Tianjin main station, and attacked the Japanese army headquarters in Guang Hai Temple and Dongjuzi Airport. At first, it went smoothly. Later, under the counterattack of Japanese aircraft and artillery, 15 began to retreat, and then Tianjin fell.

On the 29th, the security team stationed in Tongxian County attacked the Japanese army and the puppet Jidong autonomous government anyway and won. In the afternoon, anyway, the troops left Tongxian and turned to Peiping, where they were attacked by the Japanese army and then moved to Baoding. When the 37th Division of 29 army was ordered to withdraw south, the division 1 10 brigade covered the first-line army and Peiping troops in Wanping-Babaoshan and withdrew south through Mentougou. After the task is completed, it will be withdrawn to Baoding on the 30th.

On the 30th, the Japanese army occupied Peiping and Tianjin, and the Japanese army independently merged into the 1 brigade and the stationed brigade, and occupied the western highland of Changxindian and the area near Dahuichang on the evening of the 30th and 3 1 respectively. At this point, the Peiping-Tianjin war ended.